Games

Architecture and
Allied Arts
Film And
Broadcasting
Literature
Contemporary Arts
Theatre
Dance
Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
in the Philippines
Cultural Arts and Games
 Contemporary Arts
Architecture and

Broadcasting

Cultural Arts
Allied Arts

Introduction
Literature
Film And
Games

Theatre
Dance
Music

‘A real tourist will not only appreciate

these beautiful sceneries yet painful past but
also the way of living or what we call ‘culture’
of the Philippines. ‘
 7 Cultural Arts in the
Philippines

MUSIC DANCE
Contemporary Arts
Architecture and

Broadcasting

Cultural Arts
Allied Arts

Introduction
Literature
Film And
Games

Theatre
Dance
CONTEM
THEATRE PORARY
ARTS

FILM
AND
LITERATUR
E BROAD
CASTIN
G
ARCHITECT
UTAL
AND
ALLIED
ARTS
 Games
Architecture and
Allied Arts
Film And
Broadcasting
Literature
Contemporary Arts
Theatre
Dance

WORKS
PEOPLE &
HISTORY
MEANING

Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
 Games
Architecture and
Allied Arts
Film And
Broadcasting
Literature
Contemporary Arts
Theatre

WORKS
PEOPLE &
HISTORY
MEANING

Dance
Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
 Games
Architecture and
Allied Arts
Film And
Broadcasting
Literature
Contemporary Arts

WORKS
PEOPLE &
HISTORY
MEANING

Theatre
Dance
Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
 Games
Architecture and
Allied Arts
Film And
Broadcasting
Literature

WORKS
PEOPLE &
HISTORY
MEANING

Contemporary Arts
Theatre
Dance
Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
 Games
Architecture and
Allied Arts
Film And
Broadcasting

WORKS
PEOPLE &
HISTORY
MEANING

Literature
Contemporary Arts
Theatre
Dance
Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
 Games
Architecture and
Allied Arts

WORKS
PEOPLE &
HISTORY
MEANING

Film And
Broadcasting
Literature
Contemporary Arts
Theatre
Dance
Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
 Games

WORKS
PEOPLE &
HISTORY
MEANING

Architecture and
Allied Arts
Film And
Broadcasting
Literature
Contemporary Arts
Theatre
Dance
Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
Games
MEANING

Traditional

Games
Architecture and
Allied Arts
Film And
Broadcasting
Literature
Contemporary Arts
Theatre
Dance
Music
Cultural Arts
Introduction
MUSIC

Music of the
Philippines (Filipino: Musika ng
Pilipinas; Spanish: Música de Filipinas) include
musical performance arts in the Philippines or
by Filipinos composed in various genres and
styles. The compositions are often a mixture of
different Asian, Spanish, Latin American,
American, and indigenous influences.tw

BACK
 History of Music in
the Philippines
Music of the Philippines include musical performance arts in the
Philippines or by Filipinos composed in various genres and styles. The
compositions are often a mixture of different Asian, Spanish, Latin American,
American, and indigenous influences.

Katutubong
Primal Music Gong Music Rondalla
Tunog
This is a series of Include the National Philippine gong music is a traditional string
recordings that Artist for Music Lucio can be divided into orchestra comprising
have been made on San Pedro, who two types: the flat two-string, mandolin-
music played on the composed the famous gong commonly type instruments such
spot. "Sa Ugoy ng Duyan" known as gangsà a as the banduria and
laud
 The Harana Original Pilipino
and Kundiman Music (OPM)
Pop Music Choir Music

Harana is rooted in the commonly termed regularly showcased become an important

Mexican-Spanish original Pinoy music, in the live band scene. part of Philippine
tradition and based on original Philippine popularized songs that music culture. It dates
the rhythmic patterns of music or OPM, clearly reflect the back to the choirs of
the habanera originally referred sentimental character churches that sing
only to Philippine pop of OPM pop. during mass in the old
songs days.

Rock Music Novelty Pop Reggae Electronic Music

The United States Pinoy novelty became While there has long began in the mid-
occupied the Islands popular in the 1970s been a flourishing 1990s in the Manila
from 1898 -1946, and up to early 1980s. underground reggae underground
introduced American Popular novelty singers particularly in Baguio, spearheaded by
blues, folk music, R&B around this time were it is only recently that luminaries like
and rock & roll which Reycard Duet and the genres have been Manolet Dario of the
became popular. Yoyoy Villame. accepted in the Consortium.
mainstream.
 ANTONIO J. MOLINA
A NATIONAL ARTIST FOR
MUSIC in 1973. The one that
we just played right now is
Molina’s most familiar
composition Hatinggabi, a
serenade for solo violin and
piano accompaniment. His
other works are (orchestral
music) M
JOVITA FUENTES
became a National Artist for
Music in 1976. Her
performance was hailed as
the “most sublime
interpretation of the part”.
This is all the more
significant because it
happened at a time when
the Philippines scarcely
heard of in Europe. The
music that you just heared
right now is one of her
works “AY KALISUD”.
HONARATA “ATANG” DELA
RAMA
became a National Artist for
Theater and Music in 1987.
She was known as Queen of
Kundiman in 1979, then
already 74 years old singing
the same song (“Nabasag na
Banga”) that she sang as a
15-year old girl in the
sarsuela Dalagang Bukid.
MUSIC
DANCE

Dance is the movement of

the body in a rhythmic way, usually to
music and within a given space, for the
purpose of expressing an idea or
emotion, releasing energy, or simply
taking delight in the movement itself.

BACK
 BACKGROUND
The history of dancing in the Philippines is a long and rich story that
shows how interwined the dances are with daily life and importants events. Learn
a few of the dances in order to really increase your understandings and
appreciation of the dance genre, while the choreography may seem difficult at
first, a little focused study can go along way. Come and let's explore again the
history of dances in the Philippines. Dance is an integral part of Filipino culture
that dates to the period before Ferdinand Magellan stepped foot in the
Philippines. The traditional dances of the Filipinos are vibrant and colorful,
capturing the history of the archipelago. Philippine dance has played a
tremendous role in Filipino culture. From one of the oldest dated dances called
the Tinikling, to other folkloric dances such as the Pandanggo, Cariñosa, and Subli,
and even to more modern-day dances like the ballet, it is no doubt that dance in
the Philippine setting has integrated itself in society over the course of many years
and is significantly imbedded in culture. Each of these dances originated in a
unique way and serve a certain purpose, showcasing how diverse Philippine
dances are.

DANCE
FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO
became a National Artist for
Dance in1973. One of her
greatest works is when she
make thesis titled “Philippine
Folk Dances and Games,” a
collection arranged
specifically for use by
teachers and playground
instructors in public and
private schools. Her
researches are preserved in
many books that are still
used intensively in the
Philippines and abroad.
LEONOR OROSA LUCRECIA REYES-URTULA
GOQUINGCO become a National Artist for
became a National Artist for Dance in 1989. In 1957 the
Dance in1976. She organized group became the Bayanihan
Philippine Ballet when she Folk Arts Center and its
brought to life characters Performing Arm, the
from Dr. Jose Rizal novel’s Bayanihan Philippine Dance
Noli Me Tangere. In 1958 company with Reyes Urtula
she founded Filipinescas as it's choreographer and
Dance Company wherein dance director. The group
she broke tradition dance won the top award of 1958
revonalizing folk dances but Russels World exposition and
also mining Philippine began series world tours
themes and traditions in her including standing ovation
ballet choreographies. performances in Broadway
and various international
stages.
DANCE
THEATRE
Theater in the Philippines is as
varied as the cultural traditions and the
historical influences that shaped it through the
centuries. The dramatic forms that flourished
and continue to flourish among the different
peoples of the archipelago include the
indigenous theater, mainly Malay in character,
which is seen in rituals, mimetic dances, and
mimetic customs; the plays with Spanish
influence, among which are the comedy, the
sinakulo, the playlets, the sarswela, and the
drama; and the theater with Anglo-American
influence, which encompasses bodabil and the
plays in English, and the modern or original
plays by Filipinos, which employ
representational and presentational styles
drawn from contemporary modern theater or
revitalize traditional forms from within or
outside the country.

BACK
Here is the following history of theater in the Philippines that we might be encounter.

Spanish Regime
When the Spaniards reached
our shores, they used dramas such of three elements – myth,
as zarzuelas as a pedagogical tool to mimesis, and spectacle.
influence the pagan tribes and
teach them about Christianity and
religion.Another important form of
theater popularized during the
Spanish colonization is the moro-
moro, linambay, or arakyo. It’s a
play in verse that portrays the
lives, loves, and wars of moors
Pre-Colonial
Time
During the pre-historic times,
theater in the Philippines was in
the form of indigenous rituals,
verbal jousts or games, or songs
and dances to praise gods. American
According to early chronicles, Colonization
pre-historic dramas consisted When American colonial rule
was established, the United
States introduced the American
way of life through education,
media, and language. Their
Japanese influence on Philippine theatre is
Occupation most apparent through
By the 1940s, when the the bodabil (vaudeville) and the
Japanese took over the plays and dramas staged or
Philippines from the Americans, translated into English.
movie actors and actresses
could no longer appear in films,
as the Japanese confiscated all
film equipment. However,
the comedia, zarzuela,
and bodabil remained in the
country as forms of
entertainment and expression.
 LAMBERTO V. AVELLANA
became a National Artist for
Theater and Film in 1976.
Avellana, who at 20
portrayed Joan of Arc in time
for Ateneo’s diamond jubilee,
initially set out to establish a
Filipino theater.. In his first
film Sakay, Avellana
demonstrated a kind of visual
rhythm that established a
new filmic language.
HONORATA “ATANG” DELA
RAMA
became a National Artist for
Theater and Music in 1987.
She became the very first
actress in the very first
locally produced Filipino film
when she essayed the same
role in the sarsuela’s film
version. As early as age
seven, Atang was already
being cast in Spanish
zarzuelas such as Mascota,
Sueño de un Vals, and
Marina.
WILFRIDO MA. GUERRERO
became a National Artist for
Theater in 1997. His plays
include Half an Hour in a
Convent, Wanted: A
Chaperon, Forever,
Condemned, Perhaps, In
Unity, Deep in My Heart,
Three Rats, Our Strange
Ways, The Forsaken House,
Frustrations.
THEATRE
CONTEMPORARY
ARTS
I am happy to show you the
beauty of contemporary arts in the
Philippines. According to the IESA arts
and culture, the meaning of
contemporary art is “the art of today”
which includes artwork produced
during the late 20t and early 21st
century. To define the various styles of
art have encountered difficulties.
However, contemporary art is
important, especially in society,
because it expresses oneself as it is a
way to provide comment in cultural
and social.

BACK
Here is the following history of contemporary arts in the Philippines that we might be
encounter.
Japanese Era
In the Philippines, almost all
fields of art and our have
icons which means before Spanish colonial power came a shift in art
connections to other countries.
The culture that the Filipinos
have at present was influenced
by the foreign countries that
once colonized the Philippines.
For the four years of the
Japanese occupation, from
1941 to 1945, the colonizers,
as a means of propaganda,
used the visual arts.
Pre-Spanish Era
“When the Spaniards arrived in
the Philippines in 1521, the
colonizers used art as a tool to
propagate the Catholic faith
through beautiful images.” (E.M,
Hernandez, nd.) The first American
centuries of Spanish colonization,
painting was limited to religious Era
With the arrival of the new
colonization painting include patronage – from the native
as a finite art. illustrados to the Americans.
Everything changed with the
advent of World War II in Asia
with the Japanese bombing of
Pearl Harbor on December 8,
1941. The Japanese colonizers
produced posters, leaflets, flyers,
comics and illustrations
CONTEMPORARY ARTS
 FERNANDO C. AMORSOLO
became a National Artist for
Paintings in 1972. His major
works include the following:
Maiden in a Stream(1921)-
GSIS collection; El Ciego
(1928)-Central Bank of the
Philippines collection;
Dalagang Bukid (1936) – Club
Filipino collection; The
Mestiza (1943) – National
Museum of the Philippines
collection; Planting Rice
(1946)-UCPB collection;
CARLOS ‘BOTONG’ GUILLERNO ESTRELLA
FRANCISCO TOLENTINO
became a National Artist for became a National Artist for
Painting in 1973. His other Sculpture in 1973.
major works include the
Acknowledged as his
following: Harana, Portrait masterpiece and completed
of Purita, The Invasion of in 1933, The Bonifacio
Limahong, Serenade, Monument in Caloocan
Muslim Betrothal, Blood stands as an enduring symbol
Compact, First Mass at of the Filipinos’ cry for
Limasawa, The Martyrdom freedom. He also designed
of Rizal, Bayanihan, the gold and bronze medals
Magpupukot, Fiesta, for the Ramon Magsaysay
Bayanihan sa Bukid, Award and did the seal of the
Sandugo. Republic of the Philippines.
CONTEMPORARY ARTS
LITERATURE

Literature is a term used to

describe written and sometimes
spoken material. Derived from the
Latin word literature meaning "writing
formed with letters," literature most
commonly refers to works of the
creative imagination, including poetry,
drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some
instances, journalism, and song. The
variety and richness of our Philippine
literature evolved side by side with our
own country’s history. Philippine
Literature reflects our norms, beliefs,
and values as Filipinos in this country.

BACK
 BACKGROUND
The variety and richness of our Philippine literature evolved side
by side with our own country’s history. Philippine Literature reflects our
norms, beliefs, and values as Filipinos in this country. Our Literature
developed through different periods or stages: Spanish colonial rule,
American Period, under the Republic, and the Contemporary Period.
History is not only a gateway to the past, it’s also suggestive of our present
and the future. Within every time period lies different people and within
them, different stages in our ever-growing culture. Each individual before
was a product of their own time. As a species we evolve every day and
without that timestamp that literature gives us, we would know nothing
about the past.

LITERATURE
 AMADO V. HERNANDEZ
became a National Artist for
Literature in 1973. His novel
Mga Ibong Mandaragit, first
written by Hernandez while
in prison, is the first Filipino
socio-political novel that
exposes the ills of the society
as evident in the agrarian
problems of the 50s.
Hernandez’s other works
include Bayang Malaya, Isang
Dipang Langit, Luha ng
Buwaya, Amado V.
Hernandez: Tudla at Tudling:
JOSE GARCIA VILLA
became a National Artist for
Literature in 1973. Villa’s
works have been collected
into the following books:
Footnote to Youth, Many
Voices, Poems by Doveglion,
Poems 55, Poems in Praise
of Love: The Best Love
Poems of Jose Garcia Villa as
Chosen By Himself, Selected
Stories,The Portable Villa,
The Essential Villa, Mir-i-
nisa, Storymasters 3:
Selected Stories from
Footnote to Youth,
Nick Joaquin
is regarded by many as the
most distinguished Filipino
writer in English writing so
variedly and so well about so
many aspects of the Filipino.
He also enriched the English
language with critics coining
“Joaquinesque” to describe
his Spanish-flavored English
or his reinventions of English
based on Filipinisms. Among
his works are The Woman
Who Had Two Navels, A
Portrait of the Artist as
Filipino, Manila,
LITERATURE
FILM AND BROADCASTING

Film, also called movie,

motion picture or moving picture, is a
visual art-form used to simulate
experiences that communicate ideas,
stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty,
or atmosphere through the use of
images. These images are generally
accompanied by sound, and more
rarely, other sensory stimulations.

BACK
 BACKGROUND
Films were first shown in the Philippine Islands in 1897 during the
revolt against Spain, when two Swiss businessmen sponsored the opening
of the Cinematografo in Manila. From this, the word “cine” became slang
for the movies. Named for national hero Dr. José Rizal, (1861-1896), who
helped spur the Philippine Revolution, the Cinematografo Rizal opened in
Manila in 1903. It was the first movie theater owned by a Filipino.
Cinematografo Filipino opened sometime later in Tondo, helping to
establish movies as an important element in Philippine culture.
Films started to change from documentaries to entertainment in 1909. Film
distribution agencies were established in Manila to import these kinds of
movies from Hollywood. Movie houses soon dotted Manila. Local films
were successful as well.

FILM AND BROADCASTING

 LAMBERTO V. AVELLANA
became a National Artist for
Theater and Film in 1976.
Some of his works are Anak
Dalita and Bajao. Anak Dalita
neorealist drama about a
man forced to participate in a
smuggling ring, set in the
postwar ruins of Manila.
While Badjao it is story of
Hassan, the son of a tribe
chief of the Badjao's, a
pagan, sea-dwelling Filippino
tribe.
GERARDO DE LEON
became a National Artist for
Film in 1982. Some of his
works are Noli Me Tángere
and Dyesebel. Noli Me
Tángere is based on the
revolutionary novel by Jose
Rizal. While Dyesebel is a
story of a girl with a mother
who is really obsessed with
mermaids. When she was
born, she had deformities
which her father was really
angry.
CATALINO “LINO” ORTIZ
BROCKA
became a National Artist for
Film and Broadcast Arts in
1997. Some of his works are
TINIMBANG KA NGUNIT
KULANG and MACHO
DANCER Tinimbang Ka
Ngunit Kulang is about the
son of a wealthy man, Junior
has everything he could
possibly want. But the
emptiness of his extravagant
lifestyle and the hypocrisy of
the town's so-called leading
citizens.
FILM AND BROADCASTING
ARCHITECTURAL ARTS

Architectural Arts, the art and

technique of designing and building, as
distinguished from the skills associated
with construction. The practice of
architecture is employed to fulfill both
practical and expressive requirements,
and thus it serves both utilitarian and
aesthetic ends.

BACK
 BACKGROUND
Pre-Hispanic Era
The earliest records of pre-colonial architecture in the Philippines are rock
shelters and caves in Palawan. (Early Filipinos are nomadic since they are
constantly in search for food through hunting or fishing so they mainly rely on
nature when creating shelter and do not need to build permanent structures.).
Spanish Colonial Era
The arrival of Spanish conquerors introduced the Antillean style of architecture.
This type of architecture is European (but originated from Central America and
not Spain) which was tweaked to suit the tropical climate of the Philippines and
thereafter, had its own Filipino and unique character.
American and Japanese Era
There was a drastic change on the architectural design which was introduced by
the Americans as they establish the civil government. A lot of structures were
built to serve as government buildings from cities to municipalities. The design
and style of the establishments were akin to Greek or Roman constructions.

ARCHITECTURAL ARTS
 JUAN F. NAPKIL
became a National Artist for
Architecture in 1973. His
major works are the
Geronimo de los Reyes
Building,Magsaysay Building,
Rizal Theater, Capitol Theater,
Captain Pepe Building,
Manila Jockey Club, Rufino
Building, Philippine Village
Hotel, University of the
Philippines Administration
and University Library, and
the reconstructed Rizal house
in Calamba, Laguna.
PABLO SEBERO ANTONIO
became a National Artist for
Architecture in 1976.
Antonio’s major works
include the following: Far
Eastern University
Administration and Science
buildings; Manila Polo Club;
Ideal Theater; Lyric Theater;
Galaxy Theater; Capitan Luis
Gonzaga Building;
Boulevard-Alhambra (now
Bel-Air) apartments; Ramon
Roces Publications Building
(now Guzman Institute of
Electronics).
LEANDRO V. LOCSIN
became a National Artist for
Architecture in 1990.
Locsin’s largest single work is
the Istana Nurul Iman, the
palace of the Sultan of
Brunei, which has a floor
area of 2.2 million square
feet. The CCP Complex itself
is a virtual Locsin Complex
with all five buildings
designed by him — the
Cultural Center of the
Philippines, Folk Arts Theater
ARCHITECTURAL ARTS
GAMES

Traditional Filipino Games or

Indigenous games in the Philippines
(Tagalog: Laro ng Lahi) are games
commonly played by children, usually
using native materials or instruments.
In the Philipines, due to limited
resources of toys for Filipino children,
they usually invent games without the
need of anything but the players
themselves. Their games’ complexity
arises from their flexibility to think and
act.

BACK
 TRADITIONAL GAMES
IN THE PHILIPPINES

Patintero Turumpo

Luksong Lubid Yoyo

Taguan Sipa

Kolyahan ng Saranggola Palo Sebo

Sungka Luksong Tinik

 This game is played by boys and girls, ages
5 to 10 years old in mixed teams. Adults though tend
to rank themselves according to sex. There are two
sets of this game. One requires six players to a team
while the other needs eight players. The game is
played outdoor at anytime of the day and at night
when the moon is out. The game is prepared on the
ground by drawing a rectangular field (usually five to
six meter with four parallel lines inside) using either
water, stick and charcoal on the ground to define the
boundary. To play, one set of taggers or the ‘it’
situate themselves inside the lines of the rectangle
while the runners will try to get through both ends of
the field and back without being tagged or blocked.
When caught, they right away change roles. The
group that has lesser tagged incidents is declared
winner.
 This is another common game played
only by girls between the ages of 5 to 15. This
is usually played outdoors when the weather is
good and indoors during the rainy season. The
length of the abaca rope depends on the
players involved. The game is played first using
two ‘its’ who are replaced after a player
touches the rope with his feet.
 This game has no limit to both boys
and girls of ages between 5 to 15. This is
played outdoors during daytime and on
moonlit nights. Children are most often
discouraged by parents partly due to a belief in
unseen spirits that might harm their children.
The game starts in an unidentified base where
the ‘it’ closes his eyes and counts to 100 while
the other players start hiding. After the count,
the ‘it’ start looking for the rest of the players.
Once found, one is automatically out of the
game. In some provinces though, once a player
is found, the ‘it’ will have to run to the base
and touch it while the found player tries to
beat him to it. When the found player beats
the ‘it,’ he remains ‘it’ until everyone else is
located.
 This is a game of dexterity and skills
at manipulating high-flown kites. Kiting is one
the old games found in the repertoire of
Philippine games. This particular game is
played by boys, ages seven and older, outdoors
during summer (March to June in most
provinces and extended to the month of
October in other areas). The game is played by
two groups using their kites: either a big one
(gorion) or a small one (small kite) to engage in
the ‘kolyahan.’ The players would try to
damage the each other’s kite while avoiding
damages to their own kites. This game needs
preparation since the kite’s string is coated
with powdered glass, to help cut the strings of
the opponent’s kite. The owner of the kite that
is damaged and plunges to the ground loses.
 This is another set of game widely
distributed in the country and the rest of
Southeast Asia. This game is played both outdoors
and indoors and is played by both children and
adults. This is played by two players with a
wooden pea-pod shaped board with seven small
holes in rows on each side, and a big hole on each
end filled with an equal number of ‘sigays’ (small
shells). Each player takes turns picking up from
any hole on his/her side, putting one ‘sigays’ in
the small/big hole to his/her left, then picks up all
the ‘sigays’ from the last hole that the last sigay is
put and places them in the big hole to his/her left.
This is repeated until one person no longer has
any ‘sigays’ to play with and is declared the loser.
The person with the most number of sigays is
declared the winner.
 This is a popular game throughout
the country. Each province has its own shape
and style of top but the most beautiful and
biggest are those found among the Maranao of
Mindanao. The game is done with ordinary skill
in order to manipulate the top. The top is
usually made of soft wood for those used in
regular games and hardwood for heavy
competition. The top is played by winding the
meter-long string around the top. The top is
held between two fingers and the thumb and
thrown to the ground. The competition is of
two kinds. One is to inflict damage on the
opponent’s top– the top that receives the
heavy damage lose the game. The other one is
to keep it spinning for the longest time– the
one that spins the longest wins.
 According to early researchers and
documents, this particular piece of instrument
was not intended for game purposes but as
instrument in hunting or capturing animals and as
self-defense. Presently, yoyo is made of wood and
acrylic plastic though before it was made of
carabao horn, ivory, silver, and even gold.
The game is quite new, played alone or by two,
outdoors or indoors, by young and adult alike of
both sexes. The mechanics of the game is simple,
the players only have to outwit the opponent in
reeling the yoyo continuously without
interruption. If the opponent did not complete
the required style, e.g. ‘around the world,’
‘walking the dog,’ and loses momentum, or his
yoyo stops in the process, then he loses the
match.
 This is a common game that requires
kicking skills. The game is played outdoors
during daytime with young adults participating
in the game varying in numbers from two, four,
and eight players. Like the ball in the volleyball
game, the rattan ball is kicked by the players to
their opponents who kick it back and so forth.
The ball should never touch any parts of the
body except the knee down to the toes.
 It traces its origins to a similar game
widely played in the Visayas that had men
racing up a greased coconut tree. It is also
similar to the ‘Pinang’ game of Java, Indonesia.
The game is played by young males and
generally done in an open space during fiestas
and other celebrations. A long polished
bamboo pole greased with oil is planted on the
ground with the prize placed at the topmost of
the pole. All players, whether individually or as
a team, try to climb the pole for the prize. The
prize, usually cash, is increased depending on
the sponsor’s generosity.
 This is a very common game played
largely by girls ages between 7 to 12, though,
in some areas, boys join in. This game is played
outside with players divided into sets,
comprising of the mother (‘inay) and her child
(‘anak’). The ‘it’ are two players who seat
facing each other, stacking their feet and hands
together, gradually increasing the height while
the opponents jump over it. Any ‘child’ player
who touches any part of this hurdle is saved by
the ‘mother’ who would jump on the former’s
behalf. If she, too, fails to accomplish the feat,
both ‘mother’ and ‘child’ becomes the ‘it’ who
would assume the seated position.