CONSERVE WATER

PROJECT REPORT
 ASSIGNMENT: WATER CONSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS
PROJECT: CONSERVE WATER
-VEDAANT PANDIT 1728

STEP 1: CALCULATE WATER DEMAND(A)

● WATER DEMAND = 135L per person x N.O OF PEOPLE IN THE BUILDING
=10 STOREY BUILDING WITH 4 FLATS PER FLOOR
=40 FLATS X 5(PEOPLE PER HOUSEHOLD)
= 200 PEOPLE TOTAL
● TOTAL WATER DEMAND=135L PER PERSON X 200
= 27000 L

STEP 2: CALCULATE THE CAPACITY OF THE OHT AND UGT

● THE CAPACITY OF UGT=60% OF WATER DEMAND
=60% OF 27000 LTRS
=16200 LTRS

● THE CAPACITY OF OHT=40% OF WATER DEMAND

=40% OF 27000
=10800 LTRS

STEP 3: CALCULATE STP CAPACITY(D)

● OUTGOING WATER (B)= 98%-95% OF INCOMING WATER(A)
=26460 LTRS TO 25650 LTRS
OUTGOING WATER (B)=26460 LTRS

● RECYCLED WATER CAPACITY(C)= 80%-85% OF (B) OUT GOING WATER

= 80% - 85% OF 26460 ( TAKING B AS 26460)
=21168 LTRS- 22491 LTRS
RECYCLED WATER CAPACITY(C)= 21168 LTRS

● STP CAPACITY (D)= 60%-70% OF (C)RECYCLED WATER CAPACITY

=60%-70% OF 21168 LTRS( TAKING C AS 21168)
=12700 LTRS- 14817 LTRS
STEP 4 : TYPE OF STP USED

● Fontus Water is a leading manufacturer of Sewage Treatment Plants for the industrial
and building sector

● Technologies used Sewage treatment process:

○ Extended aeration
○ Activated sludge process
○ Submerged aerobic fixed film
○ Fluidized media
○ Membrane bioreactor
○ Sequential batch reactors
○ Tertiary treatment with stage media filtration and chlorination or ultrafiltration
○ Sludge dewatering systems
○ Zero DischargE
● Sewage treatment plant capacities:
○ Capacities ranging from 10-5000KLD
○ Packaged STP systems
● Sewage treatment plant highlights:
○ Customized technologies to suit stringent site conditions
○ Consistent supply of treated water
○ Low operating & maintenance cost
○ Minimum footprint area
○ Low power consumption
○ Minimum use of chemicals
○ Focus on ease of maintenance while designing
○ Trained team for installation & sales service
○ Environment-friendly systems
○ Plants with parameters meeting PCB norms
○ Overcomes factors of space and height constraints

● Fontus Water advantage for STP:

○ Ready to use Systems
○ Easy to Install
○ Delivery in 7 Days
○ Operational Support and Commissioning
STEP 5 : RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH)

PART 1

● Show site layout, earmarking the building, roads, RG area on site.

● Calculate RWH capacity of the site, considering different surfaces

and their areas.

○ Total area calculations-

■ Plot area = 50 x 100 = 500sqm

■ Rg area = 2668 sqm

■ Terrace area = 1200 sqm
■ Area occupied by roads = 1132 sqm

● Formula:
RWH Capacity = Area X Rainfall X Run-off coefficient
● RWH CAPACITY = RWH CAPACITY OF( RG AREA + TERRACE +
ROADS )
● RWH CAPACITY OF

○ RG AREA=Area X Rainfall X Run-off coefficient

=2668sqm x 2500 mm(annual) x 0.1 (Vegetation, Flat (0 -
1% slope)
=667,000 litres annually
 ○ TERRACE=Area X Rainfall X Run-off coefficient
=1200 sqm x 2500 mm x 0.95 (Cemented / Tiled Roof)
=2850000 litres annually

○ ROADS=Area X Rainfall X Run-off coefficient

=1132 sqm x 2500 mm x 0.95 (Concrete Pavement)
=2688500 litres annually

● Total RWH capacity = 55583 + 2850000 + 2688500

= 5,594,083 litres annually
= 15326 litres daily

PART-II

● Calculate RWH Tank size.

Considering all runoff water from terrace and roads goes into RWH
tank -
Total water load = 15326 litres daily

VOLUME (CYLINDRICAL TANK ) = πr2h ( r = radius , h = filling height)

15.326 =π x r2 x 1.8
R = 1.64

RWH TANK SIZE (CYLINDER) - RADIUS = 1.64 M

- FILLING HEIGHT = 1.8

● Show location of RWH tank on-site plan

 ● Suggest in YOUR own words – what would you prefer- tank or
recharge pit and why?

- For heavily developed areas I would suggest having tanks

because most water which is runoff is from paved areas
which do not percolate into the ground hence making
recharge pits useless
- But if any area with a lot of open ground and less soil coverage should
opt for recharge pits as it helps replenish groundwater and helps in
maintaining soil moisture.
ABS ASSIGNMENT - SAVE WATER USING LOW FLOW FIXTURES

TOTAL NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS - 200

Consider 50% of the building occupants as male and 50% as females- for water calculation.

Baseline Flow Rates & Capacity for Plumbing Fixtures in a Typical House-hold and/or office

Fixture Type Maximum Flow Rate / Capacity Duration Daily Use per Person/ Day** NUMBER OF USERS TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION

1 Water Closets 6 LPF (High flush) 1 Flush 1 200 1200 LITRES

3 LPF (Low flush) 1 Flush 4 200 2400 LITRES
2 Urinals 4LPF 1 Flush 4 200 3200 LITRES
3 Health Faucet/ Bidet, Hand-held spray* 8 LPM 15 Seconds 1 200 400 LITRES
4 Faucet/ Tap* 8 LPM 15 Seconds 6 200 2400 LITRES
5 Kitchen Sink* 8 LPM 45 mins 1 PER HOUSEHOLD ( 40 ) 14400 LITRES
6 Showerhead* / Hand-held Spray* 10 LPM 8 Minutes 1 200 16000 LITRES

Source: Uniform Plumbing Code – India, 2008 TOTAL= 40000 LITRES PER DAY
* At a design pressure of 3 bar 1200000 LITRES PER MONTH
14400000 LITRES ANNUALLY

DESIGN CASE
Fixture Type Maximum Flow Rate / Capacity Duration Daily Use per Person/ Day** NUMBER OF USERS TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION

1 Water Closets 4 LPF( HIGH FLUSH) 1 Flush 1 200 800 LITRES

2 LPF(LOW FLUSH) 1 Flush 4 200 1600 LITRES
2 Urinals 2 LPF 1 Flush 4 200 1600 LITRES
3 Health Faucet/ Bidet, Hand-held spray* 6 LPM 15 Seconds 1 200 300 LITRES
4 Faucet/ Tap* 6 LPM 15 Seconds 6 200 1800 LITRES
5 Kitchen Sink* 6 LPM 45 mins 1 PER HOUSEHOLD ( 40 ) 10800 LITRES
6 Showerhead* / Hand-held Spray* 6 LPM 8 Minutes 1 200 9600 LITRES

TOTAL = 26500 LITRES PER DAY

795000 LITRES MONTHLY
9540000 LITRES ANNUALLY

TOTAL WATER SAVED = BASE CASE - DESIGN CASE

DAILY 40000 - 26500 = 13500 LITRES = 13.5 cu litres

MONTHLY 1200000 - 795000 = 405000 LITRES = 405 cu litres
ANNUALLY 14400000 - 9540000 = 4860000 LITRES = 4860 cu litres

TOTAL WATER SAVING IN % ={ [ BASE CASE - DESIGN CASE ] / BASE CASE } x 100

DAILY [ { 40000 - 26500 } / 40000 ] x 100 = 33.75 %

MONTHLY [ { 1200000 - 795000 } / 1200000 x 100 = 33.75 %
ANNUALLY [ { 14400000 - 9540000 } / 14400000 ] x 100 = 33.75 %
Mention how many points the project can achieve under IGBC Green Homes rating.

Points are awarded as below:

Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures Points
≤25% less than baseline criteria 2
≤35% less than baseline criteria 4

IN OUR CASE
SAVINGS % = 33.75 % TOTAL POINTS ACHEIVED = 4

List low-flow fixtures - brand & model names.

Fixture Type BRAND / MODEL NAME

1 Water Closets ROCA - CO258
2 Urinals ROCA - C829599
3 Health Faucet/ Bidet, Hand-held spray* CERA - F1015452
4 Faucet/ Tap* HSIL - F330002GRCP
5 Kitchen Sink* SOMANY - OLIVE
6 Showerhead* / Hand-held Spray* SOMANY - JOOP
XERISCAPING
VEDAANT PANDIT 1728
SITE LANDSCAPE LAYOUT
TYPES OF MICRO IRRIGATION
DRIP IRRIGATION (DI)/ SURFACE
DRIP
IRRIGATION
● Method of MI where in water is
applied at the soil surface as
drops or small streams through
emitters.
● <2 gallons per hour (7.61 h-?) for
single outlet emitters
● 3 gallons per hour per 3.3 feet
(11.4 1 h"! m-)for line source
emitters
SUBSURFACE DRIP
IRRIGATION (SDI)
➔ Application of water
below the soil surface
through emitters, with
discharge rates, generally,
in the same range as
surface drip.
➔ Different from sub
irrigation where the root
zone is irrigated by water
table control.
Mumbai
Sr No. Common name Scientific name Foliage Umbrella Height Deciduous/Tree Fruit/Leaf Diameter Image

1 Banyan Ficus benghalensis 30 m 200 m Tree Fig fruit Indefinite

2 Pipal tree Ficus religiosa 10- 15 m 30 m & above Decidous Leaf 3m

3 Mango tree Mangifera indica 5 - 10 m 35 - 40 m Decidous Mango fruit 3.7 m girth

4 Teak wood Tectona grandis 3-5m 40 m Deciduous 0.6 m (2m girth)

5 Sita Ashoka Saraca asoca 2m 10 m & above Rain forest Leaf 10 cm - 50 cm

Drought resistance
Sr No. Common name Scientific name Foliage Umbrella Height Deciduous/Tree Fruit/Leaf Diameter Image
1 Eastern Redcedar Juniperus virginiana 3-5m 15 m Evergreen Leaf 0.3 - 0.6 m

2 Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa 15 - 20 m 24 m Deciduos Leaf 2.1 m

3 Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra 13 m - 15 m 22 m Deciduos Fruit/Leaf 1.5 m

4 Kentucky Coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus 13 m - 15 m 22 m Deciduos Toxic seeds 1m

 5 Live Oak Quercus virginiana 18 - 30 m 12 - 24 m Nearly evergreen Leaf only 1.5 - 1.8 m

LAWN COVER AND GRASS

Sr No. Common name Scientific name Foliage Umbrella Height Deciduous/Tree Fruit/Leaf Diameter Image

1 Sprengeri fern Asparagus sprengeri 4 feet evergreen Fruit/Leaf 1-2m

2 Pink rain lily Zephyranthes carinata 15-20cm evergreen Fruit/Leaf 1-2m

3 Acanthaceae Hemigraphis colorata 50cm evergreen Fruit/Leaf relative

DESIGN CASE
LAYOUT
➔ In this layout the building remains somewhat central with the main entry from
the left side.
➔ The rear of the plot is the main recreational ground of the site. With mostly
ground cover and few trees, its ideal for recreation as it does not interfere with
the vehicle circulation.
➔ The vehicle pathway surrounds the building for ease of circulation with
bushes on either side to provide physical demarcation.
METHODS TO SAVE WATER IN DESIGN CASE
➔ Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting is a method that can be quite easily
implemented. In times of such water scarcity, it is a very
effective method. The method is simple; rainfall is collected
and stored so that it can be used in the future. Rainwater
harvesting can aid in the replenishing of groundwater
resources which also affects the climatic conditions in areas
with water scarcity.

➔ Water Metering
Water metering is the process of measuring the amount of
water that is being used in residential and commercial
buildings. The volume of water that is used is calculated and
charged for according to the price of water. The water is
supplied from a public water supply system. Initiatives were
taken in the city of Hyderabad to install digital water meters
that access real-time water usage data. This will help to
identify the potential of water efficiency and reduce consumer
usage and costs.
➔ Water-efficient taps
Water-efficient taps are of two kinds.

1) Taps that have low water flow rate are usually designed
that way to support minimum wastage of water.

2) Taps with infrared sensors can sense a presence and

automatically turn on or off based on its usage.

➔ Greywater Recycling system

Greywater recycling is a simple, safe and sustainable water
preserving system. It can help reduce water usage in
households by almost 50% and indirectly save your water
bills. Greywater recycling is a method of saving water in
which wastewater is collected from kitchen sinks, washing
machines and showers and is then recycled for usage in
toilets, watering plants, etc. Unlike rainwater harvesting
which relies on rainwater, greywater is surplus in quantity
and available daily. Environmental engineers have
demonstrated that the usage of this recycling system has
reduced almost 70% of domestic water consumption in a
residential area.