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05 LTE System Interfaces
05 LTE System Interfaces
Objectives
• 3GPP TS 《36.211》
• 3GPP TS 《36.300》
• 3GPP TS 《36.410》
36.410
• 3GPP TS 《36.420》
Contents
1. Overview
2. Radio interface
3. S1 interface
4. X2 interface
LTE/SAE Architecture
MME: Mobility management entity
S10 S6a
S9
UMTS
MME Operator Service
NodeB RNC S4
S11 Gx
Network
S12
S1-MME
E-UTRAN S5/8
S1-U SGi
Internet
eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW
A10/A11
S2b Corporate
cdma2000 Internet
BTS
BSC PDSN
Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC
eNB
RB Control
S1
S1
Connection Mobility Cont.
S1
S1
MME
Radio Admission Control
NAS Security
X2
X2
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Idle State Mobility
Handling
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)
EPS Bearer Control
RRC
PDCP
S-GW P-GW
RLC
Mobility UE IP address
MAC Anchoring allocation
S1
PHY Packet Filtering
internet
E-UTRAN EPC
General protocol model for E-UTRAN interfaces
• General principle for S1/X2 is that the layers and planes are logically
independent of each other. Therefore, as and when required, the
standardization body can easily alter protocol stacks and planes to fit future
requirements.
Signalling Data
Bearer(s) Bearer(s)
Physical Layer
Control plane protocol stacks
NAS NAS
Relay
RRC S1-AP
RRC S1-AP
PDCP PDCP SCTP SCTP
RLC RLC IP IP
MAC MAC L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1
LTE-Uu S1-MME
UE eNodeB MME
User plane protocol stacks
Application
IP IP
Relay Relay
PDCP GTP-U
PDCP GTP-U GTP-U
GTP-U
MAC MAC L2 L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
1. Overview
2. Radio interface
3. S1 interface
4. X2 interface
Radio interface protocol stack
NAS
• LTE does not have BMC entity
relay
• All types of RB need PDCP processing
S1 S1 Uu Uu
RRC services and functions
RRC services and functions
• Broadcast of System Information related to NAS and AS
• Mobility functions including:
– UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting for mobility;
– UE cell selection and reselection and control of cell selection and reselection;
– Context transfer at handover.
• Establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the
UE and E-UTRAN including:
– Allocation of temporary identifiers between UE and E-UTRAN;
– Configuration of signaling radio bearer(s) for RRC connection:
• Security functions including key management;
• Establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of point to point
Radio Bearers;
RRC protocol states & state transitions
• LTE supports 2 RRC states: RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED
• RRC_IDLE:
– PLMN selection; RRC_CONNECTED
– Broadcast of system information; UE has an E-UTRAN-RRC connection;
– Paging;
E-UTRAN knows the cell which the UE
– Cell re-selection mobility;
– No RRC context stored in the eNB belongs to;
• Downlink:
– Paging Channel (PCH)
• support for UE DRX to enable UE power saving
• mapped to physical resources which can be used dynamically also for
traffic/other control channels
– Multicast Channel (MCH)
• support for MBSFN combining of MBMS transmission on multiple cells
Transport channels
• Uplink:
– Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
• possibility to use beam forming
• support for dynamic link adaptation by varying the transmit power and
potentially modulation and coding;
• support for HARQ;
• support for both dynamic and semi-static resource allocation.
– Random Access Channel(s) (RACH)
• limited control information;
• collision risk;
Physical layer frame structure -FDD
• Type 1, applicable to FDD
– The downlink OFDM sub-carrier spacing is ∆f = 15 kHz, a reduced sub-carrier
spacing ∆f = 7.5 kHz is only for MBMS-dedicated cell
Physical layer frame structure -TDD
• Type 2, applicable to TDD
Page 28
Type 2 Radio Frame Switching Points
Configuration Switching Subframe Number
Point
Periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5ms D S U U U D S U U D
Page 29
Physical layer frame structure-FDD(1/2)
– In the case of 15 kHz sub-carrier spacing there are two cyclic-prefix lengths,
corresponding to seven and six OFDM symbols per slot respectively
• Normal cyclic prefix:
TCP = 160×Ts (OFDM symbol #0) , TCP = 144×Ts (OFDM symbol #1 to #6)
• Extended cyclic prefix: TCP-e = 512×Ts (OFDM symbol #0 to OFDM symbol #5)
– In case of 7.5 kHz sub-carrier spacing, there is only a single cyclic prefix length
TCP-low = 1024×Ts, corresponding to 3 OFDM symbols per slot.
Physical layer frame structure-FDD(2/2)
LTE physical resource definition
• Basic definitions
Resource element
Resource block
Configuration N scRB UL
Nsymb
b0 , b1 ,..., b B −1
• Bit level processing:
– Transport block from MAC layer
– 24 bit CRC is the baseline
– Channel coding: Turbo coding cr 0 , cr1 ,..., cr ( K r −1)
f 0 , f1 ,..., f G −1
Physical layer processing
• Symbol level processing:
– The scrambling stage is applied to all downlink physical channels, and serves the
purpose of interference rejection
– Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM (64 QAM optional in UE)
Antenna
Codewords Layers Ports
Layer
Precoding
Mapper
Synchronization signals
• The primary and secondary synchronization signals are used in the cell search
procedure. The particular sequences which are transmitted for the PSS and SSS
in a given cell are used to indicate the physical layer cell identity to the UE
• The synchronization signals are always transmitted on the 62 centre sub
carriers and specified symbols.
PSS and SSS Location for FDD
PSS (Primary
Synchronization
Sequence)
72
62 Subcarriers
Subcarriers
SSS (Secondary
Synchronization
Sequence)
Slots 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Radio Frame
Repeated in
slots 0 and 10
Page36
Synchronization signals
• There are 504 unique physical layer cell identities in LTE, grouped into 168
groups of three identities.
• The three identities in a group would usually be assigned to cells under the
control of the same eNodeB. Three PSS sequences are used to indicate the
cell identity within the group.
• 168 SSS sequences are used to indicate the identity of the group.
Physical Cell Identities
Page38
PSS Correlation
Subframe
PSS0
PSS1
PSS2
Correlation
Page39
SSS Correlation
Page40
Example of SSS Indices
0 0 1 34 4 6 68 9 12 102 15 19 136 22 27
1 1 2 35 5 7 69 10 13 103 16 20 137 23 28
2 2 3 36 6 8 70 11 14 104 17 21 138 24 29
3 3 4 37 7 9 71 12 15 105 18 22 139 25 30
. . . . .
. . . . 167 2 9
33 3 5 67 8 11 101 14 18 135 21 26
Page41
Cell search procedure
• The first step of cell search is to do matched filtering between the received
signal and the sequences specified for the primary synchronization signal,
When the output of the matched filter reaches its maximum, the terminal is
likely to have found timing on a 5 ms basis, and the identity within the cell-
identity group.
• The second step is to detects the cell-identity group, by observing pairs of
slots where the secondary synchronization signal is transmitted, since each
combination (s1, s2) in subframe zero and five represents one of the cell
identity groups uniquely
• In the case of the initial synchronization, in addition to the detection of
synchronization signals, the UE proceeds to decode the Physical Broadcast
CHannel (PBCH), from which critical system information is obtained.
Cell Search
Page43
Downlink Reference signals
• Cell-specific downlink reference signals
– The reference signal is used to make channel estimation and carry out downlink coherent
detection and demodulation
– The RS sequence also carries unambiguously one of the 504 different cell identities
– Cell-specific reference symbol arrangement in the case of normal CP length for one
antenna port:
Downlink Reference signals
• Cell-specific downlink reference signals in case of 2 and 4 antenna port
Downlink Physical channels
• Physical broadcast channel (PBCH)
– User data, broadcast system information which is not carried on the PBCH,
and paging messages may be transmitted on PDSCH
72 center RE
– The eNodeB in LTE may either request an individual SRS transmission from a UE or
configure a UE to transmit SRS periodically until terminated
– The specific SRS bandwidth to be used by a given UE is configured through RRC
signalling
Uplink Physical channels
1. Overview
2. Radio interface
3. S1 interface
4. X2 interface
S1 Interface architecture
• S1 functions:
– S1 UE context management function:
• Establishment/release SAE bearer context, security context, UE S1 signaling connection
ID(s), etc.
– SAE bearer management functions
– GTP-U tunnels management function
– S1 Signalling link management function
– Intra-LTE handover
EUTRAN EPC
– Inter-3GPP RAT handover “S1-MME” MME
“S1-U”
S1 Interface
S1-U
User Plane
GTP-U
UDP
IP
Layer 2
Layer 1
Contents
1. Overview
2. Radio interface
3. S1 interface
4. X2 interface
X2 Interface architecture
• X2 functions:
– Intra LTE-Access-System Mobility Support for UE in LTE_ACTIVE:
• Context transfer from source eNB to target eNB;
• Control of user plane tunnels between source eNB and target eNB;
• Handover cancellation.
– Load Management
– Inter-cell Interference Coordination
• Uplink Interference Load Management;
– General X2 management and error handling functions:
• Error indication.
– Trace functions
X2 Interface
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