Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves

7/1/2020 Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves - Wikipedia
Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves

Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, formerly called Kattaka Caves or Cuttack caves, are partly
natural and partly artificial caves of archaeological, historical and religious importance near the
city of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India. The caves are situated on two adjacent hills, Udayagiri and
Khandagiri, mentioned as Kumari Parvata in the Hathigumpha inscription.[1] They have a number
of finely and ornately carved caves built during the 1st century BCE.[2][3] It is believed that most
of these caves were carved out as residential blocks for Jaina monks during the reign of King
Kharavela.[4] Udayagiri means "Sunrise Hill" and has 18 caves while Khandagiri has 15 caves.[5]
Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves
Kattaka Caves
Udayagiri caves
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Location Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India
Coordinates 20.2628312°N 85.7860297°E
The caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri, called lena or leṇa in the inscriptions, were dug out
mostly during the reign of Kharavela for the abode of Jaina ascetics. The most important of this
group is Ranigumpha in Udayagiri which is a double storeyed monastery. Other important caves
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caves 1/23
include Hathi gumpha, Ananta gumpha, Ganesha gumpha, Jaya Vijaya gumpha, Mancapuri
gumpha, Bagha/Byaghra/Vyaghra gumpha and Sarpa gumpha.[6]
Archaeological Survey of India has listed Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves in the list of "Must See"
Indian Heritage.[3]
Count of the caves
B. M. Barua, based on a reading of line 14 of the Hathigumpha inscription, declared that a total
of 117 caves were excavated by Kharavela and others on the Kumari hill (Udayagiri). Marshall has
counted more than 35 caves in both the hills, while M.M. Ganguli has enumerated only 27
caves.[7]
The number of existing caves at Udayagiri is 18, while Khandagiri has 15.[8] The local names of
the existing caves are listed below, numbered according to the enumeration of the
Archaeological Survey of India.
The famous caves
In Udayagiri, Hathigumpha (cave 14) and Ganeshagumpha (cave 10) are especially well known
due to art treasures of their sculptures and reliefs as well as due to their historical importance.
Raninka Na'ara (Queen's Palace cave, cave 1) is also an extensively carved cave and elaborately
embellished with sculptural friezes.[6] Khandagiri offers a fine view back over Bhubaneswar from
its summit. The Ananta cave (cave 3) depicts carved figures of women, elephants, athletes, and
geese carrying flowers.[9]
Caves at Udayagiri
The Udayagiri hills fall on your right side when you enter into this area from Bhubaneswar.
Compared to Khandagiri, Udayagiri offers more beautiful and better maintained cave shrines.
There are 18 caves in Udayagiri :[10]
1. Rani Gumpha "Cave of the Queen"
Rani Gumpha is the largest and most popular cave among the caves of Udayagiri and
Khandagiri.[11] The word 'Rani' means Queen.[12] Although it is not an architectural marvel, it has
some ancient beautiful sculptures.
This cave is double storeyed. Each storey has three wings and the central wing is bigger among
all the three wings. The lower floor has seven entrances in the middle wing whereas the upper
floor has nine columns. The upper portion of the central wing has relief images depicting the
victory march of a king. Many of the cells have carved dwara pala images;[13] some of them are
disfigured. The area that connects the central wing with right and left wings have some panels
where the sculptures of wild animals, fruit-laden trees, human figures, women playing musical
instruments, monkeys and playful elephants are found. The pilasters contain the toranas (arches)
decorated with sculptures of Jain religious importance and royal scenes.[14]
Cave No.1 "Rani Gumpha" (Cave of the Queen)
General view
Diagram section of Rani Gumpha
Plans of both floors of Rani Gumpha
Ground floor
Rani Gumpha ground floor.
Left aisle relief
Left aisle relief (detail)
Apsara making an offering
Doorway arrangement
Indian warrior detail
Right corner relief
Second floor
Panorama of first floor
Corridor
Right corner with Yavana warrior
Pillar relief with elephants
Pillar relief: battle scene
Pillar relief: hunting scene
Yavana warrior.[15]
2. Bajaghara Gumpha
Bajaghara Gumpha is very simple and small. It has stone bed and pillow and it was obviously
used as the Jain monks' shelter in the ancient times. Apart from the plain rectangular shaped
pillars, there is no other sculpture found in this cave.
3. Chota Hathi Gumpha
Chota Hathi Gumpha is small in size. It has six small elephant figures in the facade and a statue
of a guardian.[16]
4. Alakapuri Gumpha
Alakapuri Gumpha has a relief sculpture of a lion holding its prey in its mouth. The pillars with
the human figures (divine beings) with wings are found in this cave. It is double storeyed.
5. Jaya Vijaya Gumpha
A tree-worship relief from the Jaya

Vijaya cave.
Jaya Vijaya Gumpha is double storeyed. The cave has carving of a female wearing heavy earrings,
bands, beautifully decorated hair. On one hand of the carving is a parrot and other resting on her
waist.[16]
6. Panasa Gumpha
Panasa Gumpha is very small and simple cave without any significant features.
7. Thakurani Gumpha
Thakurani Gumpha is double storied but is very simple in style. It has few tiny relief sculptures.
8. Patalapuri Gumpha
Patalapuri Gumpha is slightly bigger with a pillared verandah. However, there is no notable
feature in this cave.
9. Mancapuri and Swargapuri Gumpha
Manchapuri cave relief
Mancapuri and Swargapuri Gumpha is double storeyed. Manchapuri cave depicts two male
figure and 2 female figure worshipping to the Kalinga Jina that Kharval brought back from
Magadha.[17] It has a damaged Jain religious symbol which was probably used for worship.
There are three inscriptions found in this cave. One inscription talks about the chief queen of
Kharavela. The other two inscriptions talk about Kudepasiri, the successor of Kharavela and
Badukha, the son or brother of Kudepasiri.
10. Ganesha Gumpha
Ganesha Gumpha is one of the most important caves in Udayagiri. The cave got this name due
to carved figure of Ganesha on the back of its right cell. Of course, it would have been carved in
the later period and it cannot be the original work. The cave has two big statues of elephants
carrying garlands at the entrance and is the first example of sculpture animals used as guard to
the entrance.[11] Also, the carved figures of dwara palas are found at the entrances. The carvings
in this cave narrate the story of the elopement of Bassavadatta, Princess of Ujjayini, with King
Udayana of Kausambi in the company of Vasantaka.[11]
Cave No.10 "Ganesha Gumpha" (Cave of Ganesha)
Ganesha cave
Elephant statue
Warrior guardian dvarapala
Relief of a devotee
Relief in the veranda
The Ganesha idol at the back of the cave
11. Jambesvara Gumpha
Jambesvara Gumpha is a very simple and small cave with one column and two pilasters.[18] The
inscription tells that it is the cave of Nayaki, wife of Mahamade.
12. Vyaghra Gumpha
Tiger (Bagha/Byaghra Gumpha) (cave

no-12), Udayagiri
Vyaghra Gumpha is one of the popular caves in Udayagiri. The cave, which is in ruins, has the
entrance carves like a large mouth of a tiger with single cell in cave acting as Tiger's throat.[11] It
is one of the most photographed sites in Udayagiri. The word vyaghra means tiger.[19] The
inscription found here tells that this cave belongs to the city judge Sabhuti.
13. Sarpa Gumpha
Sarpa Gumpha is an unusually very small cave. There are two inscriptions found in this cave. The
word sarpa means snake.
14. Hati Gumpha
Hati Gumpha is a large natural cavern.[16] On the wall, the inscription erected by Kharavela is
found. It is the main source of history of Kharavela.[20][21] The cave is known as Hati Gumpha due
to its exquisite carvings of elephant.[22] The word hati means elephant.[23]
Cave No.14 "Hathi Gumpha" (Elephant Cave)
Hathi Gumpha (cave no-14), Udayagiri
Hathi Gumpha
Hathigumpha inscription
Detail of Hathigumpha inscription
15. Dhanaghara Gumpha
Dhanaghara Gumpha is a small cave which has two wide pillars and dwara pala sculptures carved
at the entrance.
16. Haridasa Gumpha
Haridasa Gumpha is a small cave with three entrances and a verandah in the front side.[24] There
is an inscription found here.
17. Jagannatha Gumpha
Jagannatha Gumpha is roughly cut cave with three entrances.
18. Rasui Gumpha
Rasui Gumpha is an unusually very small cave.
Inscriptions in Caves in Brahmi
…
Hathigumpha inscription in Udaigiri
The Hathigumpha inscription starts with a version of the auspicious Jain Namokar Mantra
venerating Arihant and Siddhas for in Jainism.
The Hathigumpha cave ("Elephant Cave") has the Hathigumpha inscription, written by Raja
Kharavela, the king of Kalinga in India, during the 2nd century BCE.[4] The Hathigumpha
inscription consists of seventeen lines incised in deep cut Brahmi letters on the overhanging
brow of a natural cavern Hathigumpha in the south side of the Udayagiri hill. The inscription also
refers to the Kharaval's feat of bringing back Jain image which was taken by Nanda empire.[25][26]
It faces the rock edicts of Asoka at Dhauli, situated about six miles away.[27]
Other minor inscriptions

…
This section does not cite any sources.
Learn more
Besides Hathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela, there are some other minor Brahmi inscriptions in
the twin hillocks of Udayagiri and Khandagiri, which were deciphered earlier by Prof RD Banergy
during 1915–16 (Epigraphic Indica-XIII) and BM Baraua (Indian Historical Quarterly-XIV).

Sadananda Agrawal has given further clarifications about them and are produced as under:
I- Mancapuri cave inscription (Upper storey) This inscription refers to the construction of
temple of arhats and excavation of cave for Jain monks by Aga-mahisi, chief queen of
Kharavela.[25] The inscription also mention Kharavela as chakravatin of Kalinga.[28]
II- Mancapuri cave inscription (Upper storey)-A This inscription is incised on a raised bend
between the 3rd and 4th doorways from the left and contains single line. The text in Devanagari
script is as under:
ऐरस महाराजस किलंगािधपितना महामेघवाहनस कुदे पिस रनो लेणं
Translation – This is the cave of Aira Mahameghavahana Maharaja Kudepasiri, the overlord of
Kalinga.
Note:- Kudepasiri seems to be the immediate successor of Kharavela.
III-Manchapuri cave inscription (Lower storey)-B This inscription has been engraved on the
right wall of Veranda, to the right of the entrance to the right-hand side chamber of the main
wing, consisting of one line. The text in Devanagari script is as under:
कुमारो वडु खस लेणं
Translation – [This is] the cave of Prince Vaḍukha.
Note:- On palaeographic ground Prof Banergy considers this inscription to be a little earlier than
the inscription of King Kudepasiri. According to Sadananda Agrawal, Prince Badukha stands an
obscure figure in history, but Badukha seems to be the son or brother of Kudepasiri.
IV- Inscriptions in the Sarpagumpha (Over the doorway)
This inscription consisting of one line, is incised over the doorway of the Sarpagumpha. The text
in Devanagari script is as under:
चूलकमस कोठाजेया च
Translation – The chamber and veranda/or side chamber of cūlakama. Note:- However Dr. Sahu
interpreted Ajeya being united by a Sandhi qualifying Koṭha thereby denoting invincible. But he
ignored the conjunction ca (Devanagari: च) which follows Koṭha(Devanagari:कोठा) and Jeya
(Devanagari:जेया).
V- Inscription in the Sarpagumpha ( to the left of the doorway) The text in Devanagari script is
as under:
L.1- कंमस हल ख
L.2- णय च पसादो
Translation: [The pavilion is the] gift of Kamma and Halakhina.
Note:- Most probably Halakhiṇa was the wife of Kamma. Chūlakamma – found in the inscription
No.IV and Kamma of this record indicates official designations rather than the proper names.
Kamma may be taken as minister of works (Karma saciva) and Cūlakamma appears to be a
junior cadre of minister in the Department of works.
VI- Haridas cave inscription
This inscription contains one line has been incised over one of the three entrances to the main
chamber of the cave from the veranda. The text in Devanagari script is as under:
चूलकमस पसातो कोठाजेया च
Translation: The chamber and veranda (or side chamber) are the gifts of cūlakama.
VII- Vyāghragumphā inscription
The record is incised on the outer wall of the inner chamber. The text in Devanagari script is as
under:
L.1- नगर अखंदस
L.2- स भूितनो लेणं
Translation: The cave of Bhūti, the city judge.
VIII- Jambesavara cave inscription
This inscription has been engraved over the entrances to the inner chamber of the cave. The text
in Devanagari script is as under:
महामदास बा रयाय नािकयस लेणं
Translation: The cave of Mahāmāda Nākiya and Bāriyā.
X- Tatowāgumphā inscription (Cave No −1)
The record of this inscription is incised over one of the entrances to the inner chamber. The Text
reads in Sanskrit as
पादमुिलकस कुसुमस लेणं x [॥]
Translation: The cave of Kusuma, the padamulika.
Notes:- There is a syllable after the word lenam, which may be read as ni or phi, padamulika
literally means, one who serves at the feet [of king].
Note:- Sadananda Agrawal has interpreted Masikanagara as Asikanagara and identified with the
city Adam (Nagpur district). In view of the evidence of a highly prosperous city unearthed at
Adam, Prof AM Shastri is of the opinion that Adam itself represents the Asikanagara of
Hathigumpha inscription. It is worth noting in the present context that a terracotta sealing
having a legend, has been discovered from Adam,[29] situated on the right bank of the river
Wainganga, which reads Asakajanapadasa (Devanagari: असकजनपदस).
XI- Ananta Gumpha inscription (A)
The record is incised on the architrave between the left ante and the fifth pillar. The text in Oriya
script is: Odia: େଦାହଦ ସମଣନ େଲଖ (Devanagari: दोहद समणनं लेणं
Translation: The cave of the Dohada Śramaṇas.
Caves at Khandagiri
Carving of Rishabhanatha and Ambika,

Ambika Gumpha
Carving of Tirthankaras & their

respective Yakshini (attendant deities)
inside Navamuni Gumpha
Carving of Jaina Tirthanakaras

Carving of Jaina Tirthanakaras,
Lalatendu Keshari Gumpha
Stone work in Cave 12
The Khandagiri hills fall on your left side when you enter into this area from Bhubaneswar. There
are 15 caves in Khandagiri.[10] These caves were renovated during the reign of Uddyotakeshari of
Somavamshi dynasty.[25]
1. Tatowa Gumpha
The parrots are carved above the entrance arch and hence it is called as Tatowa Gumpha. It has
two dwarapala figures too. There are sculptures of friezes, railing, arch, with kalasa inside the
cave.[30]
2. Tatowa Gumpha
The cave is decorated with sculptural friezes like nayikas, gandhrvas, different animals and birds,
chaitya arch, pilaster design, rafters and voulted roof.[31]
3. Ananta Gumpha
The cave has sculptures of women, elephants, geese, etc.[32]
4. Tentuli Gumpha
It is a small rock-cut chamber with just one column.
5. Khandagiri Gumpha
It is a roughly cut cell and has double storeys.
6. Dhyana Gumpha
It is a roughly cut cell.
7. Navamuni Gumpha
Navamuni Gumpha is a roughly cut cell with the sculptures of nine Jain Tirthankaras and Sasana
Devis. These sculpture were added to the caves in 11th century by Somavamshi dynasty.[33][34]
8. Barabhuji Gumpha
There are altogether twenty five figures of Tirthankaras on the walls of the cell on three sides,[33]
Parsvanatha being repeated twice. Beneath the Tirthankara, their respective Sasanadevis are
found. Chakareswari is depicted with 12 arms giving the cave name Barabhuji. The image are
now now worshipped as Brahminical deity. These sculpture were added to the caves in 11th
century by Somavamshi dynasty.[35]
9. Trusula Gumpha
There are three sculptures of Rishabha Deva who is found in the Kayotsarga posture.[36] Apart
from these sculptures, there are sculptures of 24 Jain Tirthankaras which look rough.[33]
10. Ambika Gumpha
There are three relief sculptures, two of Rishabhanatha and one Amra the sasana-devi of
Neminatha.[33][37]
11. Lalatendu Keshari Gumpha
In cell 1, There are 2 image of Rishabhantha and 3 of Parshvanatha and in cell 2, 2 image of
Parshvanatha and 1 of Rishabhantha. These sculpture were added to the caves in 11th century by
Somavamshi dynasty.[33][38]
Caves 12, 13 and 15 are unnamed. Cave 14 is very simple and called as Ekadasi Gumpha.[39]
Tickets
Entry fee for Citizens of India and visitors of SAARC (Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka,
Pakistan, Maldives and Afghanistan) and BIMSTEC Countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri
Lanka, Thailand and Myanmar) – Rs. 25 per head and for each foreigner is Rs. 300 and free entry
for children below 15 years.[3]
Timing
The monument remains open from sunrise to sunset.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves.
Kharavela
References
1. Bhargava 2006, p. 357.

2. Michell, 238-240
3. ASI must see & Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves.
4. Krishan 1996, p. 23.
5. Pandya 2014, p. 6.
6. Kapoor 2002, p. 375.
7. Rath, Jayanti (April 2007). "Orissa Review" (PDF). Odisha.gov.in. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
8. From the Archaeological survey of India
9. Singh et al. 2015.
10. "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 16 September
2011.
11. Allen 1991, p. 65.
12. Merriam-Webster & Rani.
13. Bemmel 1994, p. 47.
14. Jāvīd & Javeed 2008, pp. 36–37.
15. "The taut posture and location at the entrance of the cave (Rani Gumpha) suggests that the
male figure is a guard or dvarapala. The aggressive stance of the figure and its western
dress (short kilt and boots) indicates that the sculpture may be that of a Yavana, foreigner
from the Graeco-Roman world." in Early Sculptural Art in the Indian Coastlands: A Study in
Cultural Transmission and Syncretism (300 BCE-CE 500), by Sunil Gupta, D K Printworld (P)
Limited, 2008, p.85
16. Jāvīd & Javeed 2008, p. 37.
17. Singh 2017, p. 165.
18. IGNCA & Jambesvara Gumpha.
19. Wisdomlib & Vyaghradala.
20. Tarn 1980, p. 166.
21. Tarn 1980, p. 457.
22. Cort 2010, p. 39.
23. Rätsch & Müller-Ebeling 2013, p. 557.
24. IGNCA & Haridasa Gumpha.
25. Ray 2017, p. 252.
26. Dundas 2002, p. 113.

27. Patnaik 2002, p. 10.
28. Singh 2017, p. 157.
29. Sadananda Agrawal: Śrī Khāravela, Published by Sri Digambar Jain Samaj, Cuttack, 2000
30. IGNCA & Tatowa Gumpha – 1.
31. IGNCA & Tatowa Gumpha – 2.
32. Odisha Society of Americas 2019, p. 184.
33. Krishan & Tadikonda 1996, p. 23.
34. IGNCA & Navamuni Gumpha.
35. IGNCA & Barabhuji Gumpha.
36. Odisha Tourism & Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves.
37. IGNCA & Rushabhanath Gumpha.
38. IGNCA & Lalatendu Kesari Gumpha.
39. IGNCA & Ekadasi Gumpha.

Sachin Singhal: Orissa tourist road guide and political, Vardhman Publications, ISBN 81-8080-
011-3
Sadananda Agrawal: Sri Kharavela, Published by Sri Digambar Jain Samaj, Cuttack, 2000.
Sources
Bhargava, Gopal K. (2006), Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: In 36
Volumes. Orissa, Volume 21 , Gyan Publishing House, ISBN 9788178353777
Michell, George (1990), The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain,
Hindu, 1990, Penguin Books, ISBN 0140081445
Krishan, Yuvraj (1996), The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development , Bharatiya Vidya
Bhavan, ISBN 9788121505659
Pandya, Prashant H. (2014), Indian Philately Digest , Indian Philatelists' Forum
Kapoor, Subodh (2002), Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography, Volume 2 , Genesis

Publishing Pvt Ltd, ISBN 9788177552997
Patnaik, Durga Prasad (1989), Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa , Abhinav Publications,
ISBN 9788170172482
Singh, Sarina (2015), Lonely Planet India , Lonely Planet, ISBN 9781743609750
Allen, Margaret Prosser (1991), Ornament in Indian Architecture , University of Delaware Press,
ISBN 9780874133998
"Rani" . Merriam-Webster.
"Vyaghradala" .
URMI – Journal of The Odisha Society of The Americas: For 50th Annual Convention Held in
2019 at Atlantic City, New Jersey . Odisha Society of Americas. 2019.
Krishan, Yuvraj; Tadikonda, Kalpana K. (1996), The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development ,
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN 9788121505659
"Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves" . Odisha Tourism Development Corporation.
Rushabhanath Gumpha (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Lalatendu Kesari Gumpha (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Barabhuji Gumpha (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Navamuni Gumpha (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Tatowa Gumpha – 1 (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Tatowa Gumpha – 2 (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Ekadasi Gumpha (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Jambesvara Gumpha (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Haridasa Gumpha (PDF), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2017), Negotiating Cultural Identity: Landscapes in Early Medieval South
Asian History , Routledge, ISBN 9781317341307
Jāvīd, Alī; Javeed, Tabassum (2008), World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India ,
1, Algora Publishing, ISBN 9780875864822
Bemmel, Helena A. van (1994), Dvarapalas in Indonesia: Temple Guardians and Acculturation ,
13, CRC Press, ISBN 9789054101550
Rätsch, Christian; Müller-Ebeling, Claudia (2013), The Encyclopedia of Aphrodisiacs: Psychoactive

Substances for Use in Sexual Practices , Simon and Schuster, ISBN 9781620552704
Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1980), The Greeks in Bactria & India , Cambridge University Press
Cort, John E. (2010), Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History , Oxford
University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538502-1
Singh, Upinder (2017), Political Violence in Ancient India , Harvard University Press,
ISBN 9780674975279
Dundas, Paul (2002), The Jains , Psychology Press, ISBN 9780415266055
"Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, Bhubaneswar, Khurda, Odisha" . Archaeological Survey of

India.
External links
https://odiafanz.com/udayagiri-and-khandagiri-caves/
Udayagiri Complex , extensive image gallery by Indira Gandhi National Centre of Arts
Detailed Photos of the Cave Temples
http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_orissa_udaigiricaves.asp

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7/1/2020 Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves - Wikipedia

Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves

Show map of India

Location Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India

Coordinates 20.2628312°N 85.7860297°E

Count of the caves

The famous caves

1. Rani Gumpha "Cave of the Queen"

Cave No.1 "Rani Gumpha" (Cave of the Queen)

Diagram section of Rani Gumpha

Plans of both floors of Rani Gumpha

Rani Gumpha ground floor.

Left aisle relief

Left aisle relief (detail)

Apsara making an offering

Indian warrior detail

Right corner relief

Panorama of first floor

Right corner with Yavana warrior

Pillar relief with elephants

Pillar relief: battle scene

Pillar relief: hunting scene

3. Chota Hathi Gumpha

5. Jaya Vijaya Gumpha

A tree-worship relief from the Jaya

9. Mancapuri and Swargapuri Gumpha

Manchapuri cave relief

10. Ganesha Gumpha

Cave No.10 "Ganesha Gumpha" (Cave of Ganesha)

Warrior guardian dvarapala

Relief in the veranda

The Ganesha idol at the back of the cave

11. Jambesvara Gumpha

12. Vyaghra Gumpha

Tiger (Bagha/Byaghra Gumpha) (cave

13. Sarpa Gumpha

14. Hati Gumpha

Cave No.14 "Hathi Gumpha" (Elephant Cave)

Hathi Gumpha (cave no-14), Udayagiri

Detail of Hathigumpha inscription

15. Dhanaghara Gumpha

16. Haridasa Gumpha

17. Jagannatha Gumpha

Jagannatha Gumpha is roughly cut cave with three entrances.

18. Rasui Gumpha

Rasui Gumpha is an unusually very small cave.

Inscriptions in Caves in Brahmi

Hathigumpha inscription in Udaigiri

Other minor inscriptions

during 1915–16 (Epigraphic Indica-XIII) and BM Baraua (Indian Historical Quarterly-XIV).

ऐरस महाराजस किलंगािधपितना महामेघवाहनस कुदे पिस रनो लेणं

Note:- Kudepasiri seems to be the immediate successor of Kharavela.

कुमारो वडु खस लेणं

Translation – [This is] the cave of Prince Vaḍukha.

IV- Inscriptions in the Sarpagumpha (Over the doorway)

Translation: [The pavilion is the] gift of Kamma and Halakhina.

VI- Haridas cave inscription

चूलकमस पसातो कोठाजेया च

VII- Vyāghragumphā inscription

L.1- नगर अखंदस

L.2- स भूितनो लेणं

Translation: The cave of Bhūti, the city judge.