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Introduction To Accounting
Introduction To Accounting
INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING
The main objective of a business is to earn profits. So, it is very important for the business to determine the results of the
business at an appropriate interval. For this, it is necessary to record the business transaction and events in a systematic
manner. Accounting is the practice of systematically recording, reporting and analyzing the financial transaction conducted
by business.
Definition of accounting :‐
In the word of American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants, “Accounting is the art of recording, classifying and
summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transaction and events which are, in part at least, of a financial
character, and interpreting the results thereof.”
CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING
The above definition brings into light the following features of accounting
1. Identification of financial transaction and events.
2. Measurement of transactions. (in terms of money)
3. Recording. (in journal or subsidiary books)
4. Classifying. (through ledger)
5. Summarizing. (by preparing trading A/C, profit & loss A/C and Balance sheet)
6. Analyzing and interpreting. (to make sound judgment about profitability and financial position of business.)
7. Communicating. (to the interested parties)
ACCOUNTING PROCESS
Based on features of accounting, the accounting process is as follow:
1. Identification of financial transaction and events.
2. Measurement of transactions in terms of money.
3. Recording the financial transactions in journal or subsidiary books.
4. Classifying them through ledger.
5. Summarizing the transaction by preparing trial balance, trading a/c, P&L a/c and balance sheet.
6. Analyzing and interpreting the financial data.
7. Communicating the financial data to the interested parties.
BRANCHES OF ACCOUNTING
BRANCHES OF ACCOUNTING
COST ACCOUNTING
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
deals with accounting which is
deals with maintenance of books deals with accounting which is
concerned with controlling the
of account to determine concerned with decision‐making
cost of products manufactured or
profitability and financial position process of management
service rendered
Prepared by: Dr.Nilesh Shah [M.Com, M.Phil, Ph.D, MBA, PGDBA, PGDMM, DTP, PGDHRD, CMA (Inter.)]
1 Contact: 98257 87333
SHRI. I. B. PATEL ANGEL SR. SEC. SCHOOL
2. Measuremeent of transacction in termss of money.
3. Recording o of financial traansaction in jjournal or subbsidiary books.
4. Classifying tthem through h ledger.
Accoun nting :‐ Accouunting is broad term and itt include bookk keeping. Acccounting starrts where boo ok keeping en nds. It includees
the following activitties:
1. Summarizin ng the classified transactio on in form of pprofit and losss account and balance sheeet.
2. Analyzing and interpreting the summarized resultss.
3. Communicaating the information to in nterested partties.
Accoun ntancy :‐ Acccountancy reffers to a systeematic knowleedge of accou unting. It explains ‘why to do and how tto do’ of
variouss aspects of aaccounting. It tell us why and how to prrepare the bo ooks of account and how to o summaries the accounting
inform
mation and com mmunicate itt to interested us accountanccy is broad teerm and it includes accoun
d parties. Thu nting.
Difference
D b
between Boook keepin ng and Acc counting
Basis Book keep ping Accounting
OObjective The main obj
T ective of boo
ok keeping is tto Its main objectivve is to ascerttain the net results and
m
maintain syst tematic recorrds of financiaal finaancial position of the busin ness.
t
transaction.
SStage Book keepingg is primary sttage It iss the secondaary stage, accounting starts where
boo ok keeping en nds.
Nature of The book kee
T eping function
n is routine annd Thee accounting ffunction is an nalytical in naature.
joob c
clerical in natture.
W
Who T
The book kee eping function
n is performeed by Thee accounting ffunction is peerformed by ssenior
peerforms j
junior staff. stafff.
Leevel of Book keepingg does not req quire special skills It reequires specialized skill to analyse and interpret
skkills a
as the work is s mechanical in nature. thee financial statements.
OBJE ECTIVES OF F ACCOUN NTING
1. To maintain
systematic record
of business
trannsaction
5. To assist
5
2. To asccertain
the OBJEC
CTIVES OF profit o
or loss
maanagement
ACCOUUNTING
4. To p
provide
3. To determine
information to
financcial position
variou
us users
Prepared by:
b Dr.Nilesh Shah [M.Com, M
M.Phil, Ph.D, MBBA, PGDBA, PGD
DMM, DTP, PGD
DHRD, CMA (Inte
er.)]
2 Contact: 98257 87333
SHRRI. I. B. PATTEL ANGE EL SR. SEC. SCHOOL