STANAG 2280

DEPLOYED INFRASTRUCTURE FORCE PROTECTION

STANDARD

Maj Rob Hayhurst

Capability Directorate Combat Support
UK MOD
• Background
• Aim
• Scope
• Weapon Hazards / Category Table
• Pass / Fail Criteria
• Testing Requirements
• Asset Protection Form
• Timeline
Background

• ABCA –
• WG on standard FPE classification (USA,
GBR, CAN, AUS, NZL)
• 5 day working group.
• Recent experience on operations
Aim

• The aim of STANAG 2280 is to enhance:

– The ability for commanders and their engineers to
communicate clearly and concisely.
– The understanding of the survivability of deployed
infrastructure from hostile weapons effects.
– The effective and efficient transfer of deployed
infrastructure ownership.
– The engagement with industry and national
defence organizations.
Scope

• STANAG 2280 covers:

– Projectiles
– Fragmentation
– Blas.
– Vehicle
• STANAG 2280 does not cover:
– CBRN or
– Environmental threats such as fire.
• Air-delivered munitions are not detailed as they
exceed the threat-based design criteria for deployed
infrastructure. However, some of the effects are
covered existing categories.
Protection Considerations Flow Chart
from the NATO Force Protection Model
STANAG 2280 is trying to:

• Remove the reference of risk, to allow each

nation to make its own decision given the
raw data.
• Provide sufficient data to enable an
assessment to be made.
• Capture sufficient data to allow confirmation
trials to be conducted.
• Future proof STANAG 2280 so that it is not
just Afghanistan/Iraq/terrorist focused.
Failure Modes / Weapon Hazards

• Perforation
• Dynamic penetration of the whole projectile.
• Shaped charge penetration.
• Fragmentation penetration.
• Dynamic vehicle penetration.
• Blast
• Personnel Injury
• Structural Damage
Existing Design Threat Level Table
Weapon Category Table
Weapon Category
A B C D E
High Explosives
Shoulder launched Rockets, Artillery, and
Projectiles1 Moving Vehicles5
weapons / rifle grenades2,3 Mortars3,4 (TNT Equivalent)

Anti tank ??? + 240mm Rocket ≤ 10,000kg

6 Tracked Vehicle ???
120mm
Automatic cannon Advanced ASM 155mm Artillery Large Truck
5 ≤ 5,000kg
30mm APDS Anti Structure Munition 122mm Rocket ≤ 30,000kg
HMG Anti-tank 120mm Mortar Truck
4 ≤ 1,000kg
Severity

12.7- 14.7mm AP Shaped charge 107mm Rocket ≤ 7,500kg

Assault /Sniper Rifle Anti-personnel Small Truck
3 Thermobaric charge <2.5kg 82mm Mortar ≤ 250kg
7.62mm AP WC ≤ 2,500kg
/conventional
Assault rifle 40mm Rifle grenade Passenger Car
2 60mm Mortar ≤ 50kg
5.56 - 7.62mm AP shaped charge ≤ 1500kg
Assault Rifle
1 (reserved) Hand grenade ≤ 10kg Motorcycle
5.56 - 7.62mm ball
1. Dynamic penetration 1. Dynamic penetration
Weapon
Hazards

2. Fragmentation 2. Fragmentation
Dynamic penetration Blast Dynamic penetration
3. Shaped Charge 3. Blast
4. Blast6
1. Perforation (inert 1. Perforation (inert
Failure Modes

components) components)
2. Perforation
2. Perforation (fragments)
Perforation (fragments) Blast Perforation (inert)
3. Perforation (shaped
3. Blast
charge)
4. Blast
Pass/Fail Criteria

• Reduce ambiguity
• Increase understanding/clarity
• Assist commanders decision making.
• Labelling
• Pass – Will mitigate against all foreseeable
threats in class.
• Conditional- Will mitigate against most
foreseeable threats in class. Detail of unknowns
or failures must be given.
• Fail – Does not provide mitigate against all
foreseeable threats in class.
Pass/Fail Criteria

• Perforation. (Dynamic, Shaped Charge

and Fragments)
• Pass
• Failure
• No conditional pass
Pass/Fail Criteria

Blast - Personnel
Personnel
Grading Pass / Fail
Vulnerability
1% Survival
10%
Survivability 50%
P1 Fail
percentage 1% 90%
99%
Survivability ps/p0
P2 Fail
percentage 99%

Threshold onset of Threshold

P3 Conditional
lung damage

Threshold onset of ear

P4 Conditional
damage
is/p01/2m1/3 (Pa1/2 s/kg1/3)
P5 No damage Pass
 Pass/Fail Criteria

Blast – Structural
Grading Structural Damage Pass / Fail
S1 A - Demolished - Damage
almost complete Fail
demolition to building
S2 B - Severe - Damage
severe enough to Fail
necessitate demolition
S3 Ca - Moderate - Sufficient
damage to render building Conditional
temporarily uninhabitable
S4 D - Minor - Damage
requiring urgent repair but
not severe enough to Conditional
make building
uninhabitable
S5 No Significant damage Pass
Pass/Fail Criteria

• Vehicle Penetration. PAS 68 - Impact test specifications

for vehicle security barriers.
Criteria Details Pass / Fail

Unlimited Veh is not stopped by Fail

barrier
P50 Veh is stopped within Conditional
15.4m (50 ft) of the barrier

P20 Veh is stopped within 6.2m Conditional

(20 ft ) of the barrier

P3 Veh is stopped within 0.9m Pass

(3 ft) of the barrier
Testing Requirements

• No change to ballistic test procedures.

• Little change to blast and fragmentation test
procedures.
• Worst case / mostly likely.
• Roof, wall, doorway, window
• Most like attack is a function of the size of structure, direction,
angle of attack, and surrounding structures.
• Contact or near miss.
• Risk assessment
• Situation based
• Super quick fuse or delayed.
• New PAS68 Vehicle penetration trial procedures.
Additional comments

• Document to be Unclassified
• Limited direction to the standard weapons
to be used in each trial.
Asset Protection Form

• The form should be completed for:

• Every protective equipment (eg
HESCO, DefenceCell,etc)
• Every bespoke building on
operations.
• The threat should be review on every
handover of command.
Asset Protection Form

Overall Grade Summary

DESIGN LEVEL
A B C D E
5 F F F F F
CATEGORY

4 P F C F C
3 P C C C C
2 P P C P P
1 P P P P
Detail Section
Detail Section
Timeline

• First draft to the forum by 1 Feb 2013.

• First round of comments by 31 Mar 2013
• Second draft to the forum by 30 Apr 2013
• For discussion and agreement at the WG
in Jun 2013
• Ratification draft issued after WG