DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING

Complex Engineering Activity

Workshop Practice Lab
FALL – 2020

SUBMITTED BY:_____________________________

SUBMITTED TO:_____________________________
 Complex Engineering Activity (CEA) Workshop Practice Lab
Solution

Introduction:

This project contains a House which have three rooms, each room have different elements and connection. So
we will do such kind of wiring that is given in description.

Working Elements used in project:

 Wooden board
 Fuse
 7 Bulbs with holders
 3 Fan with Dimmers
 A Bell
 A Push button
 6 SPST Switches
 2 SPDT Switches

Before explaining the working and construction of project lets took a look on some terms used in this project.

Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) Switch:

A Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) switch is a switch that only has a single input and can connect only to one
output. This means it only has one input terminal and only one output terminal. A Single Pole Single Throw
switch serves in circuits as on-off switches. When the switch is closed, the circuit is on. When the switch is
open, the circuit is off.

SPST Switch

Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) Switch:

A Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch is a switch that only has a single input and can connect to and
switch between the 2 outputs. This means it has one input terminal and two output terminals. A Single Pole
Double Throw switch can serve a variety of functions in a circuit. It can serve as an on-off switch, depending on
how the circuit is wired. Or it can serve to connect circuits to any 2 various paths that a circuit may need to
function in. For example, a SPDT switch used in stair case wiring.

SPDT Switch

Working and Construction

The common household circuits used in electrical wiring installation are in parallel. Mostly, switches, Outlet
and light points etc. are connected in parallel to maintain the power supply to other electrical devices and
appliances through hot and neutral wire in case if one of them gets fail.
In the question we have asked to make a circuit and implement it practically. A house contains three rooms each
room has different appliances and connection, the details and their solutions are given below:
Room 1
Room 1 has one light and one fan. We have to control the fan and bulb of room 1 with SPST switch i.e. one
switch is used for bulb and other for fan.

Fan Bulb

AC Voltage

SPST 1 SPST 2

Room 1 circuit diagram

it is clearly shown in the above circuit of room 1 that all the appliances (fan and bulb) are connected in parallel
i.e. each appliance connected through separate Line and Neutral wire. In parallel circuit, adding or removing
one appliance from the circuit has no effect on the others appliance or because the voltage in parallel circuit is
same at each point but the flowing current is different. As each appliance is connected between Line L and
Neutral N separately, if one of the appliance gets faulty, the rest of the circuit will work smoothly. if we control
each appliance by SPST switch in parallel circuit, We will be able to switch ON / OFF bulb and fan from
separate switch or if we switch OFF a bulb, the fan won’t affected as is it happens only in series connection
where all the connected load would be disconnected if we close the switch. So we can control fan and bulb
through SPST switch. If the SPST 1 is on the fan rotates and if it is off the fan not working but this will not
affect the bulb. Same for the bulb.

OBSERVATION

SPST 1 SPST 2 fan Bulb

ON OFF ON OFF
OFF ON OFF ON

ROOM 2
Room 2 has three bulbs and one fan. We have to control the three bulbs which is in parallel with each other by a
single switch (SPST 1) and the fan with other switch (SPST 2).

AC Voltage Bulb 1 Bulb2 Bulb 3 Fan

SPST 1 SPST 2

Room 2 circuit diagram

In the above circuit bulb 1, 2 and 3 are connected in parallel with each other but in series with SPST 1 so when
SPST 1 is on all the three bulbs glow and when the switch is off all the bulbs not glow. Similarly the fan will on
when switch is in on condition and off when switch is in off condition.

Observation

Spst1 Spst2 Lamp 1 Lamp 2 Lamp 3 fan

ON OFF ON ON ON OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON
ON ON ON ON ON ON
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
ROOM 3
In this room a patient is living and he needs support, we installed a bell as per description given so that when he
needs support he just need to press the push button and the bell will ring.

Bell Bulb 1 Bulb 2 Fan

AC voltage

Push button SPST 1 SPST 2

Room 3 Circuit Diagram

The bell with source voltage is in parallel connection. We also connect two bulbs in parallel with each other but
in series with SPST 1 such that they can be controlled through single switch. The bulbs are in parallel with
voltage source. There is also SPST 2 switch which is used to control the fan and the fan is in parallel with main
voltage source. Since we know in parallel connection the voltage is same but current is different and this
connection is preferred in residential houses. We will also take a look on advantages and disadvantages of
parallel connection, but now its stair case wiring turn.
Observation:

SPST 1 SPST 2 PUSH BULB 1 BULB 2 FAN BELL

BUTTON
ON OFF NOT PRESS ON OFF OFF OFF
OFF ON NOT PRESS OFF ON OFF OFF
OFF OFF PRESS OFF OFF OFF ON

Stair Case Wiring

In the upper floor of house light is installed we have to control it through stair case wiring. From this we can
control a bulb from two different places by using two way switches (SPDT).

AC Voltage bulb

SPDT 1 SPDT 2 Stair case wiring

Consider the above 2-way switch wiring circuit which has been used to control a bulb in staircase. For example
the circuit is completed and bulb is ON. Suppose we want to OFF the bulb from the upper switch at top of stair
simply Switch OFF the switch then circuit will break and the bulb will be OFF. To switch ON the bulb again,
just switch ON the same switch at upper portion of staircase. In other words we can OFF and ON bulb from
upper switch at the top of stair. Obviously we can perform the same operation from the bottom switches
installed in staircase. For this purpose, consider the figure given above. In this case, we can see that circuit is
complete and bulb is ON. Suppose we want to OFF the bulb from the lower switch at bottom of stair. Simply
OFF the switch, then again circuit will break and the bulb will be OFF. We can switch ON the bulb again to
switch ON the same switch installed at the bottom or downstairs.

Observation
Switch 1 Switch 2 Bulb Position
0 = OFF 0 = OFF 1 = ON
0 = OFF 1 = ON 0 = OFF
1 = ON 0 = OFF 0 = OFF
1 = ON 1 = ON 1 = ON

Advantages of Parallel Lighting Circuit:

 Each connected electrical device and appliance are independent from others. This way, switching ON /
OFF a device won’t affect the other appliances and their operation.
 In case of break in the cable or removal of any lamp will not break the all circuits and connected loads,
in other words, other lights/lamps and electrical appliances will still work smoothly.
 If more lamps are added in the parallel lighting circuits, they will not be reduced in brightness (as it
happens only in series lightning circuits). Because voltage is same at each point in a parallel circuit. In
short, they get the same voltage as the source voltage.
Disadvantages:

 More size of cable and wire is used in parallel lighting wiring circuit.
 More current needed when additional light bulb added in the parallel circuit.
 Battery runs out quicker for DC installation.
 The parallel wiring design is more complex as compare to series wiring.