MODULE 2

SERIES - PARALLEL CIRCUITS

AND CONDUCTSNCE
 MODULE 2A

SERIES-PARALLEL
CIRCUITS
At the end of this module, the student
should be able to:
1. Recognize series connected resistors.
2. Recognize parallel connected resistors.
3. Determine the total resistance of a
circuit.

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

 SERIES
CIRCUIT

Two or more elements are in series if

they share a single node.
 SERIES CIRCUIT

• Two resistors are considered in • The total resistance is:

series if the same current pass RT = R1 + R2
through them. • More generally, the total
resistance equals the sum of the
resistances.

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + + RN
SEATWORK Determine the total
Derive the mathematical model resistance.
of determining the equivalent
resistance of n resistors with
equal resistances R
connected in series.
Determine the total What are the
resistance. characteristics of a
series circuit?
PARALLEL CONNECTED LOADS
PARALLEL CIRCUIT

• Two or more elements are

in parallel if they are
connected to the same two
nodes.
 The equivalent resistance of the
resistors in parallel:

• Two or more resistors are

connected in parallel if they
have the same voltage across
them.
• The general case of a circuit with
N resistors in parallel. The SEATWORK
equivalent resistance is
 SEATWORK
a. Determine the equivalent
resistance if two resistors
having 100 and 250 ohms are
connected in parallel.
b. Determine the equivalent
resistance if three resistors
having 50, 125 and 300 ohms
are connected in parallel.
c. Determine the equivalent
resistance if four resistors
having 200, 500, 1000 and
1500 ohms are connected in
parallel.
Critical Thinking
What have you observed on the
equivalent resistance of the
resistors connected in parallel
in terms of the resistances of
the resistors?
What are the
characteristics of
a parallel circuit?
 MODULE 2
SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
AND CONDUCTSNCE
 MODULE 2B

COMBINATION OF SERIES-
PARALLEL CIRCUITS AND
CONDUCTANCE
At the end of this module, the student
should be able to:
1. Recognize the Combination of Series-
Parallel connected Loads.
2. Understand the use of conductance
method in the combination of Series
and Parallel Loads.
3. Determine the total resistance of a
circuit.

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

• Series connected resistors can be connected in combination with
parallel connected resistors.
Which resistors are in
series? in parallel?
Which resistors are in SEATWORK
series? in parallel?
Determine the total resistance
of the circuit across ab.

Reduce the circuit to a

single resistor at terminals
a-b.
SEATWORK
Determine the total If Req=50Ω in the circuit,
resistance of the circuit. determine R.

Determine the total resistance of

the circuit.
SEATWORK
Determine the total resistance of Determine the total resistance of
the circuit. the circuit.

Determine the total resistance of

the circuit.

Critical Thinking
What is the importance of knowing
the total resistance or the
equivalent resistance of resistors?
CONDUCTANCE
CONDUCTANCE
A useful quantity in circuit The conductance is a measure of
analysis is the reciprocal of how well an element will
resistance R, known as conduct electric current.
conductance and denoted by G: The unit of conductance is the
mho (ohm spelled backward) or
reciprocal ohm, with symbol,
the inverted omega.
Although engineers often use the
mhos, another unit of
conductance is Siemens (S), the
SI unit of conductance.
It is often more convenient to use
conductance rather than
resistance when dealing with
resistors in parallel. The
equivalent conductance for N
resistors in parallel is
• The equivalent conductance of resistors
connected in parallel is the sum of their
individual conductances.
• The equivalent conductance of parallel
resistors is obtained the same way as
the equivalent resistance of series
resistors.
SEATWORK
A circuit has a resistive load of 1000 Determine the equivalent
ohms. What is the conductance of conductance.
the circuit?

Determine the equivalent

conductance.

• Problems Section 2.5-2.6

• FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS,
3rd Edition, Alexander/Sadiku, page 70