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Welcome to this module this is self-instructional  and allows you to learn in your own.
If ever you have chance to have a data for internet do some research for additional
help of understanding. 
1. Take your time in reading the lesson. 
2. Perform all activities. The are designed to enhance your skill and
understanding of the ideas being discuss. 
3. You answer and this module shall be submitted after 6th week from the
start of the semester 
 
 
Activity 1. Read and understand the lessons with the following
question. 
 
Navigation 
 Is the art and science of dertermining the position of the vessel for
one place to another and guiding it to a specific destination. 
 Nathaniel Bowditch is the father of navigation . He is a famed,
reputed and illustrious name in the maritime industry. The self-made 
nautical expert and paved the way for the future of the global navigational
elements over 200-years ago and is considered the founder of Modern
Maritime Navigation. 
 Three main types of navigation is celestial, GPS map and
Compass. 
Magnetism 
 The property of attracting certain metals: the attracting property of
magnet. 
 A quality of that makes someone able a attract and hold the interest
of people. 
Ferromagnetism 
 Is explained by the concept that some species of atoms possess a
magnetic moment. That such an atom itself is an elementary
 electromagnet produced by the motion of electrons about its nucleus and
by the spin of its electrons on their on axes. 
Magnetism term 
 Is the force of exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each
other. Magnetism is cause by the motion of electric charge. Every
substance is made up of the tiny called atoms. The magnetic field is
the area  around a magnet that has the magnetic force. All magnets have
north and south poles. 
Magnetic Field Lines 
 Is a an imaginary line representing the direction of magnetic field
such that the tangent at any points is the direction of the field vector at that
point. A visual tool used to represent magnetic fields. They describe the
direction of the magnetic force on a north monopole at any given position.
One useful analogy is the close connection between magnetic monopoles
and electric charge. 
Fundamental Law of Magnetism 
 The most basic law of magnetism is that like poles repel 
one another and unlike poles attract each other; this can easily by seen by
attempting a place like poles of two magnets together. If a bar of magnet is
cut into two pieces, the pieces become individual magnets with opposite
poles. 
Four Laws of Magnetism 
 Faraday’s law of induction 
 Ampere’s circuit law 
 Len’z law 
 Lorentz force 
Geomagnetism 
 The magnetism of the earth. A branch of geophysics that deals with
the phenomena of the earth’s magnetic condition. 
The Elements of Magnetic Field 
 Magnetic Declination 
 Magnetic Inclination 
 Horizontal Components 
Isogonic Lines 
 Show the pattern of Magnetic Declination 
 On a isomagnetic chart , the line of zero variation is the agonic line 
 The agonic line on an isomagnetic chart indicates the points where
there is no variation  
 
 
 
        
 
 
 
APPENDIX A 
Learning Activity Sheet ( PRELIMS ) 
 
1. Explain the theory of magnetism as applied to ferromagnetic materials. 
  for me their direction and become oriented are same because they are same
strength and strengthens each other and the other materials that the ferromagnetic
are easily adheres to different materials so the magnets are strong.

2. Explain the magnetic field lines of force. 

 the magnetic field are part of the direction the vector at that point and that
represents the direction of the magnetic field on the tangent because the magnetic
lines force are represent.
 
3. Explain the terrestrial magnetism or geomagnetism of the earth. 
  the terrestrial magnetism acts when the sources are permanent and experience
slow secular differences and external variables are captured and that is what is
found within the earth especially in the earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere thats
all and all geomagnetic fields it superimposed and interact with each other and many
already forming magnetic fields different sources on the earth's surface and the
dimensions are in over 90% formed internally in the planets outer core of earth thats
all.

4.Define and explain the different terms or terminologies in the elements of the

magnetic field of the earth. 
 
 the Earth's magnetic field describes seven parameters and these are the
declarations D, inclination I, horizontal intensity H, vertical intensity Z, total intensity
F and north X and east Y of the portion of the horizontal intensity on the earth and by
the conventions are intensity positive, Y positive east, X positive north and the
decline is positive measured east north, inclination and vertical force positive down
 
 
The assessment should be type written (not copy paste!) and submit it once
completed through email attachment – PDF copy and send to our Microsoft teams. 
 
 
 
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Activity 2. Read and Understand the lesson with the following question. 
 
 
Magnetic Compass 
 A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for
navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a
magnetized needle or other elements, such as a compass card or
compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with magnetic north. 
 
Principle of Magnetic Compass 
  The magnetic compass is working with the principle of of Earth’s
Magnetic Field and shows the magnetic north and south. The simplest
form from the compass is consists of magnetized needle free to rotate in a
horizontal plane. Such as a needle tends to settle in magnetic meridian. 
 
Components of Magnetic Compass 
 The basic part of magnetic compass are the needle (a thin piece of
magnetic metal) the dial ( a circular printed with directions) and the
housing( which hold the other parts in place) 
 
Operation of Magnetic Compass 
 A magnetic compass is a device which help in locating directions
and consist a magnetic needle, and points marked as North(N), East(E),
South(S), West(W) and the sub directions. 
 
 
Characteristic of Magnetic Compass 
  The magnetic compass is the most primal and basic instrument
used by the lines extend the earth from the poles around the earth. 
 If magnetic north bearing or compass bearing is desired, the
compass must be adjusted by the amount of magnetic declination before
using the bearing. 
 Magnetic compass in navigating or surveying, an instrument for
determining direction on the surface of Earth by means of magnetic pointer
aligns. 
 
Binnacle  in Compass 
 A binnacle in the housing for a ships compass. The idea behind a
binnacle is to counter the magnetics deviation caused by the ship being
made of iron so that the compass can point of magnetic north. 
 Magnetic compass correctors in binnacle. In the centre part of the
lower half of the binnacle are contained many holes which contain inside. 
 
 
 
                      Learning Activity Sheet ( PRELIMS) 
 
 
1. Explain the fundamental principle of magnetic compass. 
for me the magnetic compass is like a earth because he knows where to
go and especially if we get lost in the sea or we went wrong we can use
the magnetic compass for the right way and alo the magnetic field of the
earth is magnetized needle of steel or iron to swiing freely into a north and
south position thats all

2. Identify the different components of magnetic compass. 

this is the part of a magnectic compass
the dial is circular card printed with directions,the needle is thine piece of
magnetic metal and last is housing is which holds the other parts in place
but the compass is not a joke and he is not played, it is used for traveling
in the ocean especially when you don't know where you are going you can
use the compass to get us in the right direction and the compass needs a
cover to protect and we can use it to direct a map that’s all

3. Explain the measurement of magnetic compass. 

the measurement of the magnetic compass should always be measured to
the left to the current geographical north because it takes any angle
between 0 ° and 360 ° and the needle is pointed called a magnet where it
points north or left and so on. yet, that is what is called the magnetic
meridian
 
 
 
The response should be type written (not copy paste!) and submit it once completed
through email attachment – PDF copy and send to Microsoft teams. 
 
 
 
 
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Activity 3. Read and Understand the lesson with the following question. 
 
 
 
Gyroscope 
 A gyroscope is a device used for measuring or maintaining
orientation and angular velocity. It is a spinning wheel or disc in which the
axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation by itself. 
 Gyroscope, device containing a rapidly spinning wheel or circulating
beam of light that is used to detect the deviation of an object from its
desired orientation. 
 
Principles of Gyroscope 
 The basic upon which a gyroscope relies is that an isolated
spinning mass tends to keep its angular position with respect to an inertial
reference frame, and when a constant external torque(respectively a
constant angular speed) is applied to the mass its rotation axis undergoes
a precession motion. 
 
 
                      Learning Activity Sheet ( PRELIMS) 
 
 
 
1. Explain the gyroscopic laws. 
for me the law of the gyroscope is that it interacts between the precession
frequency or nutation frequency and the gyro frequency that they adjust or
analyze different inertia so it says that “something done by man will do "so
the axis rotates that is in the gyroscope with no force removed partially all

2. State basic component of gyroscope 

it consists of a wheel or rotor mounted on a framework of rings to fix this
loss of motion because the gyroscope rotates it at high speeds and the
masses must be focused towards the side of the wheel so it is called
gyroscope so this is my basic components of gyroscope.

3. State examples of gyroscopic inertia.

 when we say gyroscopic inertia when the orientation of the spin axis
changes the gyroscope starts to rotate because when it rotates the tapping
 can resist falling so people keep and monitor the rotation of the axis
carefully, we also have what is called the moment of force suppose
rotation in a body when the rate changes thats all

4. State example of precession. 

the rotation of the parameter changes slowly as if it were the orbital of an
astronomical body so it is called a procession but the most important
change is the orientation of the axis of rotation of the earth known or called
the procession of eqauinoxes thats all

5. Define tilt and drift as movement of spin axis.

the tilt is at the elevation that connects the spin axis above or below as if
the horizon is called and the drift is moved by the spin axis in the direction
of the azimuth as if it is called bounce thats all
 
 
The response should be type written (not copy paste!) and submit it once completed
through email attachment – PDF copy and send to Microsoft teams. 
 
 
 
 
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