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Analytic Geometry Formulas
Analytic Geometry Formulas
Analytic Geometry Formulas
org
Centroid
3. Circle
The centroid of a triangle whose vertices are P1 ( x1 , y1 ) ,
P2 ( x2 , y2 ) and P3 ( x3 , y3 ) :
Equation of a circle
x + x + x y + y + y3 In an x-y coordinate system, the circle with centre (a, b)
( x, y ) = 1 2 3 , 1 2
3 3 and radius r is the set of all points (x, y) such that:
( x − a )2 + ( y − b ) 2 = r 2
Circle is centred at the origin
Incenter x2 + y 2 = r 2
The incenter of a triangle whose vertices are P1 ( x1 , y1 ) , Parametric equations
P2 ( x2 , y2 ) and P3 ( x3 , y3 ) : x = a + r cos t
y = b + r sin t
ax + bx2 + cx3 ay1 + by2 + cy3
( x, y ) = 1 ,
a+b+c a + b + c where t is a parametric variable.
In polar coordinates the equation of a circle is:
where a is the length of P2 P3 , b is the length of PP
1 3,
r 2 − 2rro cos (θ − ϕ ) + ro2 = a 2
and c is the length of PP
1 2.
Area
A = r 2π
Circumcenter Circumference
The circumcenter of a triangle whose vertices are c = π ⋅ d = 2π ⋅ r
P1 ( x1 , y1 ) , P2 ( x2 , y2 ) and P3 ( x3 , y3 ) :
x12 + y12 y1 1 x1 x12 + y12 1 Theoremes:
2 2 2 2
x2 + y2 y2 1 x2 x2 + y2 1 (Chord theorem)
x2+y2 y 1 x x2+y2 1 The chord theorem states that if two chords, CD and EF,
( x, y ) =
3 3 3 3 3 3
, intersect at G, then:
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1 CD ⋅ DG = EG ⋅ FG
2 x2 y2 1 2 x2 y2 1 (Tangent-secant theorem)
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1 If a tangent from an external point D meets the circle at
C and a secant from the external point D meets the circle
at G and E respectively, then
2
DC = DG ⋅ DE
Orthocenter (Secant - secant theorem)
If two secants, DG and DE, also cut the circle at H and F
The orthocenter of a triangle whose vertices are
respectively, then:
P1 ( x1 , y1 ) , P2 ( x2 , y2 ) and P3 ( x3 , y3 ) :
DH ⋅ DG = DF ⋅ DE
y1 x2 x3 + y12 1 x12 + y2 y3 x1 1 (Tangent chord property)
2 2 The angle between a tangent and chord is equal to the
y2 x3 x1 + y2 1 x2 + y3 y1 x2 1 subtended angle on the opposite side of the chord.
y xx +y2 1 x2+y y x3 1
( x, y ) =
3 1 2 3 3 1 2
,
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
2 x2 y2 1 2 x2 y2 1
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1
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4. Conic Sections
Eccentricity:
The Parabola
The set of all points in the plane whose distances from a a 2 − b2
e=
fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed line, called the a
directrix, are always equal.
Foci:
x0 x y0 y
+ 2 =1
a2 b
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x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= = a1 b1 c1 =0
a b c
where P1(x1,y1,z1) lies in the plane, and the direction a2 b2 c2
(a,b,c) is normal to the plane.
The equation of a plane through P1(x1,y1,z1) and
General form: P2(x2,y2,z2), and parallel to direction (a,b,c), has equation
Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
where direction (A,B,C) is normal to the plane. x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 = 0
Intercept form: a b c
x y z Distance
+ + =1
a b c The distance of P1(x1,y1,z1) from the plane Ax + By +
this plane passes through the points (a,0,0), (0,b,0), and Cz + D = 0 is
(0,0,c). Ax1 + By1 + Cz1
d=
Three point form A2 + B 2 + C 2
x − x3 y − y3 z − z3 Intersection
x1 − x3 y1 − y3 z1 − z3 = 0 The intersection of two planes
x2 − x3 y2 − y3 z2 − z3 A1 x + B1 y + C1 z + D1 = 0,
Normal form: A2 x + B2 y + C2 z + D2 = 0,
x cos α + y cos β + z cos γ = p is the line
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
Parametric form: = = ,
a b c
x = x1 + a1 s + a2 t where
y = y1 + b1 s + b2 t B1 C1
a=
z = z1 + c1 s + c2 t B2 C2
where the directions (a1,b1,c1) and (a2,b2,c2) are
parallel to the plane. C1 A1
b=
C2 A2
A1 B1 C1 D1 B1 D1 A1
= = a −b
A2 B2 C2 D2 B2 D2 A2
The planes are perpendicular if and only if z1 = 2 2 2
a +b +c
A1 A2 + B1 B2 + C1C2 = 0 If a = b = c = 0, then the planes are parallel.