Module 1 1. NOVEL- a long narrative divided into chapters.

2. SHORT STORY- has one or more character, shorter

“if you don’t have time to read, you don’t have the time to than novel, one impression.
write.” - Stephen King 3. PLAYS- action scenarios. It is presented on the
Importance of Literarture stage.
4. LEGENDS- it is fictitious narratives, usually about
1. Expanding origins.
2. A leap into the past 5. FABLES- consists of animal character.
3. Building critical skills 6. ANECDOTES- imagination of the writer and gives
4. Appreciation of cultures and beliefs lesson to the reader.
5. Better writing skills 7. ESSAY- personal point of view/ opinion of the writer
towards the specific subject.
Literarture?
8. BIOGRAPHY- life of specific person.
“Litteratura” – Latin word 9. NEWS- it can be everyday events in society and
government.
“Littera” – Writing word
POETRY
- it is a body of written word
1. NARRATIVE POETRY- Important events that may
Poetry & Prose happened in real life or imagination.

- they are both written works

a. EPIC
b. METRICAL TALE- ballad/ metrical romances
c. BALLAD- shortest & simplest.
PROSE POETRY
2. LYRIC- a poem to be intended to be song.
straightforward More expressive

Ideas contains in a
sentences and arrange in
paragraph
It does not have line
breaks
Large blocks of word
Capitalization
It arrange in stanzas and a. FOLKSONGS- a poems intended to be song but
contains line it require emotions. (love, despair, grief)
b. SONNETS- shakespears, consists of 14 lines,
require emotions.
Uses line break
c. ELEGY- all about grief & death.
d. ODE- a poem with dignity.
Rhythm & rhymes e. PSALM- it can be found in Bible, praising God.
f. AWIT (SONG)- slowly song accompaniment of a
No capitalization
guitar.
Based on intension g. CORRIDO- it is all about supernatural.

Module 2
FORMS AND GENRES
PROSE- applys grammatical structure.
Fiction & Nonfiction 3. Women's Fiction
- full of emotion
Fiction
-It is type literature that describe. 4. Historical Romance
-Imagination - setting located in the past
-Documentation
-Prose Other Genres of Fiction

Nonfiction 1. Mystery- Imbestigation; Murderers

-Not literally literature 2. Horror- Frighten; Disgust
-Kind of research 3. Fantasy- Magic; Supernatural
-Informative ● Most of characters are human
-Factual 4. Science Fiction- Futuristic
5. Myths- Tradition; Symbilic
Fiction ● It is not based on fact they are focus on
1. Imaginary symbol.
a. Storyline 6. Fairytales- Short Story; European Fantasy
b. Setting ● Creepy Creations
c. Events 7. Legends- past on from one person to another.
d. People ● Fact but it becomes exaggerated.

2. Smallest category in Literature Forms of Fiction

▪ Novels- long narrative
Nonfiction ▪ Novella- shorter than the novels but longer than the short
1. Real story.
a. Storyline ▪ Short Story- brief word
b. Events
c. People Elemaents of Fiction
1. Character
2. The largest category in Literature a. Protagonist- Lead/ main character
b. Antagonist- opposite/ the one who against the
Category protagonist
Genres of Fiction ● Static- stay the same
● Dynamic- changes
1. Literature Fiction ● Flat- few personality
- Higher Level (valued highly) ● Round- lot of personality
- Analyze (creative use of language)
- Skills (intellectual engagement)

2. Urban Ficture 2. Characterization- developing the personality

- the life in street a. Physical appearance
b. Behaviour
 c. Taughts f. Maps
d. Interactions g. Applications

3. Setting- time, place of the story. Module 3A

Introduction to the study of Philippines history and
4. Point of View- who tells the story; first person, literature
narrator use I/We.
Philippine literature is literature associated with the
5. Plot- summarization Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial legacies,
5 Basic Parts and on to the present.
a. Esposition- introduction of information.
b. Rising Action- conflict Philippine literature describes the behaviour and daily life
c. Climax- opton of decision and native surroundings of the people.
d. Falling Action- decision arrive
e. Resolution- ending The importance of Philippine Literature it is allows us
Filipino people to learn about where we came from, what
6. Theme- central idea our beliefs and culture.
7. Symbolization- symbolic
8. Tone- Attitude of the writer to the reader a. FILIPINO PROVERBS or Philippine proverbs are
9. Purpose- pursuade; inform; entertain traditional sayings or maxims used by Filipinos
based on local culture, wisdom, and philosophies
Forms of Nonfiction from Filipino life.
Proverbs corresponds to the Tagalog words
1. Literary Nonfiction salawikain, kasabihan (saying) and sawikain, and to
- Dramatic writing style the Ilocano word sarsarita.
- Poetic language b. BULONG is one kind of Filipino Poetry. Ancestors
a. Autoboigraphies- the person's life believe in unseen spirits/supernatural beings like
b. Memoirs dwarfs.
c. Letters- written communication addresed to a c. KASABIHAN or SAYINGS used in teasing or to
someone. comment on a persons' ocutations.
d. Essays & Articles- short piece of writing on a d. TANAGA a quatrain with seven syllables each with
particular subject. the same rhyme at the end of each line.
e. Review- formal assessment e. MYTHS attempts to explain the nature of the world
f. Reports- written account of something that one has through the lives and action of heroes, diefies, and
observed mythological creatures.
f. FOLK SONGS a form of folk lyric which expresses
2. Fuctional Texts- giving informations the people's hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles.
a. Recipes- intructions telling you how to cook food
b. Directions- a guide SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
c. Schedules- a plan
d. Menus
e. Brochures
 a. TIBAG- is a recreational play to remind the people
about the search of St. Helena for the Sacred Cross
on which Jesus died.
b. CENAKULO- dramatic performance of the passion
and death of Christ.
c. MORO-MORO- refers to a type of folk drama
performed in villages throughout the Philippines,
usually during fiestas.
d. KARAGATAN- is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious
nature celebrated during the death of a person.
e. DUPLO- replaced the Karagatan. This is a poetic
joust in speaking and reasoning.
f. LAGAYLAY- is a special occasion for the Pilareños of
Sorsogon during Maytime to get together.
g. PANUNULUYAN- is presented beforw 12:00 on
Christmas Eve.
h. SALUBONG- dramatizes the meeting of Risen Christ
and his mother.
i. CORRIDO
MODULE 3B
Introduction to the study of Philippines History and
Literature
American Period
3. Period of Self-Discovery
Japanese Period (1941-1945)
Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development
when we were again conquered by another foreign country,
Japan. Philippine literature in English came to a halt. During
this time, there was no freedom of speech and of the press.
Comtemporary Period
a. Rebirth Freedom
The american returned in 1945
1. Literature- written works about struggles of
mind and spirit.
2. Newspapers Flourished- such as Free Press,
Morning Sun, Daily Mirror, Evening News,
Bulletin.
3. Poetry in English- about love of nature and
social political problems.
4. Filipino Literature- stories about Japanese
brutalities, poverty of life and Guerilla
exploits.
5. Palanca Awards- award giving body
literature- Carlos Palanca Sr.

Influences of the American b. The New Society

1. Schools 1. Themes- development of the country
2. New Education System - Green revolution
3. Cleanliness and Hygiene - Family Planning
4. Politics - Proper Nutrition
5. Freedom of Speech - Environment
- Drug Addiction
Newspapers: - Pollution
1. "El Grito Del Pueblo" by Pascual Poblete- (1899) is a 2. Poetry
pro labor and radical natonalist newspaper under 3. Play
the protection of U.S " ang kapatid ng bayan". 4. Films
2. Manila Bulletin 5. Comics, Magazines, Newspaper

Three Groups of Writers: Module 4

1. The period of Re-Orientation (1898-1910) Philippine Oral Lore
2. Period of Imitation
Major Themes Literature in the Spanish Era
- Adventure
- Love Spanish Era (1565) Religion and Books
- Heroism 1. Baybayin- pre-spanish first writing system of
- Magic Filipinos
Alibata- indian or arabic form of writing
Pre-Colonial Era - written work (no invention of different 2. Christian Doctrine
eras yet) - 10 commandments of God
- 7 mortal sins
1. Riddles (Bugtong)- entertainment, cursing, - How to confess?
preserving culture. 3. European Legends and Traditions
2. Proverbs (Traditional Saying) - one to two 4. Grammar Book- Dictionary
sentences that have deeper symbolization. 5. Religion- Spanish bring Catholicism in Philippines.
3. Songs
4. Epics- long narratives novel about heroes. The First Books:
1. THE DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA
a. Bicol Epic Poerty: - 10 commandments of Gods
THE IBALON- it's much like the story of - 7 mortal saints
Adam and Eve. It also narrates the - How to confess?
adventures of the heroes of Ibalon. 2. NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO
b. Visayan Epic: - Biographies of the Saints
THE MARAGTAD CHRONICLES OF PANAY- It - Novinas
explains the origin of Filipinos and the story - Question&Answer about Religion
of 10 Datus from Borneo who landed in 3. LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POST PRIMERAS DE
Panay Island. HOMBRE- the first book printed in typography. (Las
c. Mindanao Epic: Cuatro Postrimedias) by Paul Hoffman.
DARANGAN- the epics from Mindanao were 4. ANG BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT- Biblical Story
very recently put into writibg and it's very translated by Fr. Antonio de Borja.
much like story of Greek Mythology. - Greek
d. Igorot Epic: - Tagalog
HUDHUD/ALIGUYON - Ilocano
e. Ilokano Epic: 5. THE PASION- Lentern Special/Day
BIAG NI LAM-ANG 6. URBANA AT FELISA
7. ANG MGA DALIT NI MARIA
5. Myths- traditional story, focus on symbolization. - Flores De Mayo
a. THE STORY OF BATHALA
Literary Compositions:
6. Legends- traditional story, base on fact but 1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and rules of
exaggerated. the Tagalog language).
a. THE LEGEND OF SAMPAGUITA 2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the
Tagalog language).
Module 5
 3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagalog (Tagalog - 1901- Philippine Normal University
Vocabulary). - 1908- University of the Philippines
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga ( Pampanga - 1914- Univerity of Manila
vocabulary). - 1919- Philippine Women's University
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan - 1933- Far Eastern University
Vocabulary). Example of Vocational Schools:
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano - Philippine School of Arts and Trade (T.U.P)
language). - Central Luzon Agriculture
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol
Language). C. American Influences
1. Use of English Language
Prominent Figures During Spanish Colonial Period: 2. Providing Formal Education
1. Francisco Baltazar 3. Vocational Education
2. Jose Rizal 4. Four Pillars of Education:
3. Gregoria de Jesus (1) Learning to Know- Education is Free
4. Andres Bonifacio (2) Learning to Do- Technical Vocational Skills
5. Emilio Jacinto (3) Learnibg to Live Together- People's
6. Leona Florentina decision making
(4) Learnibg to Be- Good manners and Right
Module 6 confuct
Literature Under American Era 5. Newspapers
- El Grito Del Pueblo
A. Philippine Educational System During The - El Nueva Dia
American Period - El Rebacimiento
Education became a very important issue for the U.S. - Manila Daily Bulletin
colonial government, since it allowed their cultural values, - Bounding Billow
particularly the English language, to the Filipino People. - American Soldier
- Phillippine Herald
● English language was medium of instruction
● Every 7 yrs. old required to register from school D. Period of Imitation during American Regime:
● Educational should be universal and free for all 1. 1919- U.P college folio was established and
- Free of costs and fees published the literary compositions of the first
" Education is a right not a priveledge!" Filipino writers in English. It was later replaced by
● Act No. 74- free public education (dalawa af yung the Philippine Colegian.
batas eh, chat me ppl kapag alam niyo 2. Filipino writers imitated the American
nakalimutan af ko na) 3. Short Stories, Novels and Essays- were one of the
● Thomasites- volunteer to teach Filipino an English famous written work during this era.
Language. Writers of Folio:
● Pensionados- scholar by government whle he/she - Fernando Maramag
studies in the U.S. - Juan F. Salazar
- Jose Hernandez
B. Prominent Schools During American Era Essayists:
 - Carlos P. Romulo 2. TANAGA- is short but it has measure and rhyme,
- Jorge Bacobo each line has 17 syllables.
Informal Essayists: 3. KARANINWANG ANYO (Usual Form)- no number of
- Ignacio Manlapaz syllables or words are required.
- Federico Mangahas
Novels: Module 8
1. Zoilo Galang- He is the author of "Child of Sorrow" Comtemporary Literature
which was also the 1st novel in English in 1921. - Living
2. Paz Marquez Benitez- the author of "Dead Stars" in - Modern
1920. - Present

Module 7 Philippine Literature of Today

Literature Under Japanese Era
1. Fliptop
On January 2, 1942, Manila was finally occupied by - To entertain
Japanese. During the Japanese occupation, almost all - A freestyle rap
newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese except - The objective is to tease and insult the
for The Tribune and Free Philippines. opponent
2. Rap
Curriculum - Fast beat
● TAGALOG, PHILIPPINE HISTORY, and CHARACTER - Intended to be song
EDUCATION were the focus. - To entertain
● Love for WORK and DIGNITY FOR LABOR was - Spoken in a rapid, rhythmic way
emphasized. Kings of Filipino Hip-Hop/ Rap Music
● There were ELEMENTARY and VOCATIONAL - Francis Durango Magalona
education. ○ The king of rap
● NIHONGGO was used and Japanese tries to stop - Andrew Espiritu
Filipinp using English language.
3. Spoken poetry- intended for onstage performance
Trifocal System of Education - rhythm/rhyming words
● Department of Education, Culture and Sports - Gesture (hand/facial expression)
(DECS) - Tone
● Technical Education and Skills Development 4. Hugot line- Painful emotions
Authority (TESDA) 5. Pick-up line
● Commission on Higher Education (CHED) - Romantic
- Courting
Filipino Poetry during this Period

Three Types of poems emerged during this period.

1. HAIKU- Japanese poem, 17 syllables divided into
three lines, 5-7-5.