INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GANDHINAGAR

CE 304 CONCRETE DESIGN

PROJECT REPORT
ON

DESIGN OF TWIN G+4 APARTMENT

INSTRUCTOR
Prof. Dhiman Basu

MEMBERS GROUP 5
Ashish Kumar Meena-18110028
Akshay Nambiar-17110013
Chintakayala Venugopal-17110040
Hitesh Joya-18110066
Pavan Meena-17110106
Utkarsh Nanda-181100178
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Problem Statement: 3

Layout Plan: 4
Floor space index (FSI): 5
Material Properties: 5

Load Calculations: 5
Dead Load: 5
Live Load: 6
Alternative: 7

SAP Modelling: 8
Load Pattern: 8
Load Combinations: 8
SAP Model 9
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM 10

Beam Design: 10
Beam Detailing: 15

Slab Design: 15
Calculation of Reinforcement: 17
Detailing: 19

Column Design : 21
Grouping of Columns 21
Design Loads: 22
Group A Design: 23
Group B Design: 24

FOOTING DESIGN: 26
DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING FOR GROUP A 26
DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING FOR GROUP B: 29
Detailing: 31

STAIRCASE DESIGN: 32
Problem Statement:
Layout Plan:

Layout of total building

Single Apartment Layout

Floor Plan:
2
● Bedroom = 4m × 2.5m = 10 𝑚
2
● Kitchen dining = 2.5m × 4.5m = 11.25 𝑚
2
● Washroom = 2.5m × 1.5m = 3.75 𝑚
2
● Balcony = 2m × 1m = 2 𝑚

Floor space index (FSI):

● Building Zone = R1 Zone (GDCR Section 9)
● FSI for R1 zone = 1.8 (GDCR Section 9.2 Pg 64)
2
● Area of the plot = 1400 𝑚
2
● Building Unit area = 1400×1.8 = 2520 𝑚
● Road margin = 6m (GDCR13.6.1)
● FSI of our design =( (8.5×21)×5)/1400 = 1.003

Material Properties:

Grade of concrete 𝐹𝑐𝑘 25 MPa

Grade of Steel 𝐹𝑦 415 MPa

3
Concrete density 25 KN/𝑚
3
Brick wall density 19 KN/𝑚

Load Calculations:

Dead Load:

Slab
Slab thickness 250 mm
2
Dead load 6.25 KN/𝑚
 2
Area of slab 178.5 𝑚
Total load 1115.625 KN

Beam
Cross-Section 300 mm 400mm
Total length of
beam 131 mm
Self weight 393 KN

Column
Cross-Section 450mm 450 mm
Length 3m
Number 24
Total load 364.5 KN

Walls
Thickness of wall 230 mm
Load intensity 13.11 KN/m
Total length 131 m
Self weight 1717.41 KN

Live Load:

Floor
2
Live load at floor 3 KN/𝑚
2
Slab area 178.5 𝑚
Live load 535.5 KN
Roof
2
Live load at roof 1.5 KN/𝑚
2
Slab area 178.5 𝑚
Live load 267.75 KN
Alternative:

Load
2 2 2
Room Intensity(KN/𝑚 ) Area(𝑚 ) Numbers Total Area( 𝑚 ) Total Load(KN)
Bedroom 2.00 10.00 6.00 60.00 120.00

Kitchen + Dining 2.00 11.25 2.00 22.50 45.00

CW 2.00 2.50 6.00 15.00 30.00
Living Room 2.00 12.00 2.00 24.00 48.00
Balcony(Both) 3.00 5.00 4.00 20.00 60.00
Staircase Slab 3.00 2.60 1.00 2.60 7.80

External Passage 3.00 34.40 1.00 34.40 103.20

Roof 1.50 178.50 1.00 178.50 267.75
Total Live Load
in Floor(KN) 414.00
Total Live Load
in Roof(KN) 267.75
Floor Finish
Roof and Floor 1.00 178.50 1.00 178.50 178.50
SAP Modelling:

Load Pattern:

Load Combinations:
1. 1.5DL
2. 1.5(DL + LL)
3. 1.5(DL + EQx)
4. 1.5(DL + EQy)
5. 1.2DL + 1.5LL
6. 1.2(DL + LL + WL)
7. 1.2(DL + LL + WL)
8. 1.2(DL + WL)
9. 1.2(DL - WL)
10. 1.2(DL + LL + EQx)
11. 1.2(DL + LL + EQy)
12. 0.9DL + 1.5WL
13. 0.9DL - 1.5WL
14. 0.9DL + 1.5EQx
15. 0.9DL + 1.5EQy
SAP Model

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

Figure: For the envelope of all load cases, one of the 2D frame
Beam Design:
 Material & Section Properties
Fck 25 MPa
Fy 420 MPa
Beam width 300 mm
Beam Depth 400 mm
Nominal Cover 24 mm
Effective cover 40 mm
Reinforcement Diameter 16 mm

Factored axial force 0 KN

Factored Axial Stress 0 KN
As per Clause 6.1, IS 13920:2016, when
axial stress in beam is less than 0.08
fck, than beam should be designed as per
Clause 6

Check for member size

Beam width (b) 300 mm
> 200 mm, OK as per Clause 6.1.2, IS 13920: 2016
< Width of supporting member (c2) + smaller of (c2, 0.75*c1,
i.e, smaller of 400 mm, 300 mm), OK as per Clause 6.1.4, IS
13920:2016, Column dim. Is 400*400mm
Beam Depth (D) 400 mm
Span length 5000 mm
Span length/4 1250 mm
D < 1/4 th of clear span, OK as per Clause 6.1.3, IS 13920:2016
b/D 0.75
> 0.3, OK as per Clause 6.1.1, IS 13920: 2016

Longitudinal reinforcement limit

Effective depth 360 mm

Min. Reinforcement(%) 0.2857

(as per Clause 6.2.1, IS 13920: 2016, pmin
=0.24*sqrt(fck)/fy)
 2
Ast minimum 308.5714 𝑚𝑚

2
Max Reinforcement (%) 2.5 𝑚𝑚
2
Ast Maximum 2700 𝑚𝑚

Design for Flexure

For Hogging moment For Sagging moment

Mu 95.4 KNm Mu 63.5 KNm
Mu/bd2 2.45 MPa Mu/bd2 1.63 MPa

Xu,max/d 0.479 SP16 (Table B) Xu,max/d 0.479 SP16 (Table B)

Mu,lim 134.136 KNm SP16 (Table C) Mu,lim 134.13 KNm SP16 (Table C)
Using formula for singly reinf. to find Ast, as Mu is less than Mu,lim = 134.16
kNm

Ast (%) 0.781 % SP16 (Table 3) Ast (%) 0.495 % SP16 (Table 3)
2 2
Ast (top) 843.48 𝑚𝑚 Ast(bottom) 534.6 𝑚𝑚
OK as per max, min. limit defined above
Asc (%) 0.3905 % Asc (%) 0.2475
2 2
Asc (bottom) 421.74 𝑚𝑚 Asc (top) 267.3 𝑚𝑚
Asc shall be at least 50% of top, as per Clause 6.2.3, IS 13920: 2016

Required reinforcement Max of Above

2
Top 843.8 𝑚𝑚
2
Bottom 534.6 𝑚𝑚

Provided Reinforcement
5-16mm bars at top 3-16mm bars at bottom
2 2
Area of steel 1004.8 𝑚𝑚 Area of steel 602.9 𝑚𝑚

% of steel at top 0.93 % of steel at bottom 0.56

 Anchorage Length in external joint
Diameter of bar 16 mm
Anchorage Length 784 mm
(As per Clause 6.2.5, IS 13920: 2016,
anchorage length beyond the inner face of
column shall be equal to development
length of bar in tension + (10 time bar
dia.) - (allowance for 90(deg.) bends))
(other details given in Cl.26.2.1 and
Cl.26.2.2.1.b, IS 456: 2000)

Development length
Dia 16 mm
Sigma S 415 MPa
2
Tbd (M25) 1.4 N/𝑚𝑚
Development length 1185.7 mm
(As per Clause 26.2.3.3.c, IS 456: 2000,
the development length should be greater
than the anchorage length)

Reinforcement Summary
Left Centre Right
Top 5-16 mm bars 5-16 mm bars 5-16 mm bars
Bottoom 3-16 mm bars 3-16 mm bars 3-16 mm bars

Design for Shear

Vmax 105 KN
2
Tou_c_max 1.9 N/𝑚𝑚 Table-24 of IS 456
pt 0.9303703704 %
2
Tou_C 0.63 N/𝑚𝑚 (IS456, Table 19)
Vc 68.04 KN
Vs 36.96 KN
Assuming 2 legged 8 mm bars
 2
Asv 100.48 𝑚𝑚
Sv 357.6174545 mm

Check for maximum spacing

0.75d 270 mm
Sv 357.6174545 mm
In no case 300 mm
Spacing 270 mm
So, we will provide 2-legged 8mm bars @ 250mm
spacing vertically stirrups (Cl.26.5.1.5: IS 456)

Beam Detailing:

Cross-Section of Beam

Beam Column Joint

Slab Design:

Slab & Material Properties

Longer dimension 5 m
Shorter Dimension 4.25 m
2
Live load 3 KN/𝑚
2
Dead load 6.25 KN/𝑚
Fck 25 MPa
Fy 415 MPa
clear cover 20 mm

Depth Calculation Cl. 23.2.1: IS 456

Shorter Span Clear length 4250 mm
pt (assumed) 0.4 %
Modification factor 1.3
d 163.4615385 mm
d (taken) 175 mm
D 200 mm

Effective Span Cl.22.2 : IS 456

Lx 4425 mm
Ly 5175 mm

Load Calculation
2
Dead load 6.25 KN/𝑚
2
Live load 3 KN/𝑚
2
Total load 9.25 KN/𝑚
2
Factored load 13.875 KN/𝑚

Design Moments Appendix - D of IS 456

Aspect ratio 1.169491525
Alpha_X 0.058
Negative moment at
Alpha_Y 0.047 continuous edge
Alpha_X 0.0435
Positive moment at
Alpha_Y 0.035 mid-span
Short span width of middle strip 3318.75 mm
short span width of edge strip 553.125 mm
Long span width of middle strip 3881.25 mm
long span width of edge strip 646.875 mm

Mid-span moments Appendix D, Cl.1.1 IS 456: 2000

Mmx 15.75750797 KN-m
Mmy 12.76901508 KN-m
End span moments
Mex 11.81813098 KN-m
Mey 9.508841016 KN-m
Calculation of Reinforcement:

Along Shorter Span Middle

Mmx 15.75 KN-m
pt % 0.15
2
Ast 255.594 𝑚𝑚
Diameter of bar 8 mm
2
asb 50.24 𝑚𝑚
Spacing 196.56 mm
We will provide 8mm bars @ 175 mm
2
Ast provided 287.085 𝑚𝑚

Along Longer Span Middle

Mmy 12.769 KNm
pt % 0.11784
2
Ast 206.22 𝑚𝑚
Diameter of bar 8 mm
2
asb 50.24 𝑚𝑚
Spacing 243.613 mm
We will provide same reinforcement in both
directions to avoid confusion during construction
So, We will provide 8mm bars @ 175 mm
2
Ast provided 287.085 𝑚𝑚

Check for minimum reinforcement Cl.26.5.2.1 of IS 456

2
Ast,min 240 𝑚𝑚 < Ast provided OK

In edge Strip Appendix - D of IS 456

Ast, min 240
Providing 8mm bars
No of bars required 4.777070064 5 bars
So we will provide 5 bars in each strip along X and Y direction

Torsion Reinforcement Appendix - D of IS 456

2
Steel provided in each layer 215.3142857 𝑚𝑚
Length of torsion reinforcement
in X direction 885 mm
Length of torsion reinforcement
in Y direction 1035 mm
Spacing 233.3333333 mm
We will provide 8mm dia bars @ 200 mm

Detailing:

Shorter Span Side-View

Shorter Span Side-View

Effective depth (d) = 175 mm
Total depth (D) = 200 mm
Green - Shorter span reinforcement in Mid-span (8mm @ 175 mm c/c)
Pink - Longer span reinforcement in Mid-span (8mm @ 175 mm c/c)
Edge reinforcement - 5 bars in both X and Y directions (553mm * 646 mm)
Torsion Reinforcement - 8mm bars @ 200mm c/c (885mm * 1035 mm)
Column Design :

Grouping of Columns

- Size of column =450 mm*450 mm

- For column design two groups of columns were made.
- Groups were made on the basis of similar shear forces and bending moments.
Design Loads:

Design loads for Group A & B:

Group A
Combination Axial Shear M2(y) M3(x)
11 0.9DL-1.5EQX 565.20 8 0.1 14
10 0.9DL+1.5EQX 885.70 12 0.1 11.3
3 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 1,017.48 5.953622 -0.60908 -7.37274

5 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) 1,303.27 2.292815 0.023183 3.761908

2 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 1,082.66 -17.2466 7.056696 -26.4481

4 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 1,311.62 -5.78076 0.086464 -9.21242

7 1.5(DL-EQX) 1,280.50 2.292815 0.00443 1.410506
9 1.5(DL-EQY) 1,340.02 2.666198 -3.17805 -4.79631
6 1.5(DL+EQX) 1,291.89 2.292815 0.006232 0.163929

8 1.5(DL+EQY) 1,351.41 2.666198 1.205505 2.592443

1 1.5(DL+LL) 1,666.94 -3.40818 0.029191 -3.33088

Group B
Combination Axial Shear M2(Y) M3(X)
1 1.5(DL+LL) 877.941 0.867336 3.010415 -1.04702
2 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 595.558 86.70529 151.9326 131.1417
3 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 184.489 -34.2797 -0.2179 -47.0353

4 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 517.6 -11.5476 0.139294 -0.69073

5 1.2(DL+LL-EQY) 506.213 -11.5476 -75.2418 -66.5581

6 1.5(DL+EQX) 669.59 -5.21089 -43.5984 -8.03152

7 1.5(DL-EQX) 658.203 -5.21089 -0.86709 -0.44373
8 1.5(DL+EQY) 646.815 -5.21089 -68.177 -91.644
9 1.5(DL-EQY) 722.64 -4.17522 16.79017 -6.65154
10 0.9DL+1.5EQX 711.253 -4.17522 0.148728 -0.5965

11 0.9DL-1.5EQX 699.865 -4.17522 -119.312 -94.1478

12 0.9DL+1.5EQY 714.176 -4.16156 18.94716 -6.57063

13 0.9DL-1.5EQY 692 56 105.6 21.2

Material & Section Properties

Fck 25 MPa
Fy 420 MPa

Group A Design:

Design Loads
Factored Load fPu 2500.41 kN
Moment Mu 26 KN-m

Column Data
width b 400 mm
depth d 400 mm
length l 3.00 meters

Minimum eccentricity
ex 1.93 mm OK
ey 1.93 mm OK

Pu/(fckbd) 0.63
Mu/(fckbd2) 0.02
d'/d 0.05
Refer Chart 31 of SP 16, Page no: 116

pt/fck 0.1
pt 2.50%

Ast 4000 𝑚𝑚2

Number of bars
dia nos Ast

20 mm 6 1885 𝑚𝑚2

20 mm 4 1257 𝑚𝑚2

20 mm 4 1257 𝑚𝑚2

Total 14 4398 𝑚𝑚2

Steel provided OK

Group B Design:
Group B
Design Loads
Factored Load fPu 1315.5kN
Moment Mu 151 KN-m
Column Data
width b 400 mm
depth d 400 mm
length l 3.00 meters

Material & Section Properties

Fck 25 MPa
Fy 420 MPa
Pu/(fckbd) 0.63
Mu/(fckbd2) 0.09

d'/d 0.05
Minimum eccentricity
ex 1.93 mm
ey 1.93 mm
Refer Chart 31 of SP 16, Page no: 116
pt/fck 0.1
pt 2.50%

Ast 4000 𝑚𝑚2

Number of bars
dia nos ast

20 mm 6 1885 𝑚𝑚2

20 mm 4 1257 𝑚𝑚2

20 mm 4 1257 𝑚𝑚2

Total 14 4398 𝑚𝑚2

Steel provided OK
FOOTING DESIGN:

DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING FOR GROUP A

Area of Footing
Load case 1.5(DL+LL)

Factored on adjacent column

F factored on
adjacent
column
F factored 1335 kN
F 890 kN
sef weight 10 %
Bearing
2
capacity 120 kN/𝑚
Area of
2
footing 12.23 𝑚
Footing
dimension 3.5*3.5 m
column size 0.4*0.4 m

Footing Design
Load case 1.5(DL+LL)
Factored
Load 1335 kN
Factored Soil
2
Pressure 103 kN/𝑚

Depth Calculation
One way
shear
Critical
section distance d from column edge Clause 34.2.3.2 IS 456
Assumed p 0.3 %
Shear stress Table 19 IS
2
for M25 0.384 N/𝑚𝑚 456
Depth 410 mm

Two way
shear
Critical distance d/2 from column
section edge
Factored SF 1271.82 kN
Shear
strength of
2
concrete 1.25 N/𝑚𝑚
Shear
Resistance 1304 kN Safe
Depth 410 mm

Moment Consideration
Critical At column
section edge
Bending
Moment 459.95 KNm
M25 grade
Fe 415
Xu/d 0.48
Ru 3.44
2
Ast required 4053.37 𝑚𝑚
2
Ast min 1425.6 𝑚𝑚
2
Ast Provided 4071.5 𝑚𝑚 36 bars of 12mm diameter
Spacing 100 mm

Gross Bearing Capacity

Assuming unit weight of concrete and soil as 25kN/m3 and 18kN/m3
Gross bearing
pressure 1153.5 KN Safe

Development length check

Ld(564) 750 mm Cl 26.2.1.1
Length
available 1515>750 mm ok

DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING FOR GROUP B:

Area of Footing
Load case 1.5(DL+LL)

Factored on adjacent column

F factored on
adjacent
column
F factored 2500 kN
F 1666.7 kN
self weight 10 %
Bearing
2
capacity 120 kN/𝑚
Area of
2
footing 22.91 𝑚
Footing
dimension 4.8*4.8 m
column size 0.4*0.4 m

Footing Design
Load case 1.5(DL+LL)
Factored
Load 2500 kN
Factored Soil
2
Pressure 108.5 kN/𝑚

Depth Calculation
One way
shear
Critical
section distance d from column edge Clause 34.2.3.2 IS 456
Assumed p 0.3 %
Shear stress Table 19 IS
2
for M25 0.384 N/𝑚𝑚 456
Depth 548 mm

Two way
shear
Critical distance d/2 from column
section edge
Factored SF 2406.3 kN
Shear
strength of
2
concrete 1.25 N/𝑚𝑚
Shear
Resistance 2226.26 kN Safe
Depth 548 mm

Moment Consideration
Critical At column
section edge
Bending
Moment 1232 KNm
M25 grade
Fe 415
Xu/d 0.48
Ru 3.44
2
Ast required 7533.77 𝑚𝑚
2
Ast min 1900.8 𝑚𝑚
2
Ast Provided 7577.52 𝑚𝑚 68 bars of 12mm diameter
Spacing 70 mm

Gross Bearing Capacity

Assuming unit weight of concrete and soil as 25kN/m3 and 18kN/m3
Gross bearing
pressure 1153.5 KN Safe

Development length check

Ld(564) 750 mm Cl 26.2.1.1
Length
available 2115>750 mm ok
Detailing:
STAIRCASE DESIGN:
Consider the staircase to be waist-slab type
Given data
Vertical Distance between floors 3 m
2
Live Load 2500 N/𝑚
Grade of Concrete M20
Grade of Steel Fe 415

General Arrangement
Rise, R 150 mm
Tread, T 300 mm
width of each flight 2 m
No. of flights 2
Height of each flight 1.5 m
No of riser/steps 10
No. of treads 9
Projected horizontal length 2.7 m
Landing width 1.5 m
Passage width 1.66 m

Loading and Bending Moment

xu,max/d 0.48
Ru 2.76
Landing as a slab 2.5 >2- one way slab
Bearing width of the landing 200 mm
Effective span 3660 mm
Thickness of waist slab (200 mm) 200
Weight of slab per unit slope, w' 5000 5000
2
Weight if slab on horizontal area, w1 5590.17 N/𝑚
Dead weight of steps per unit horizontal
2
area 1875 N/𝑚
2
Live Load 2500 N/𝑚
Let us treat the waist slab as a beam
Width 2 m
Length 3.91 m
2
UDL on waist slab, w 10.06 KN/𝑚
2
Factored load intensity 15.09 KN/𝑚
Maximum Bending moment 28118813.64 N-mm

Design of waist slab for depth

d 100.94 mm
Provided D 150 mm
Clear cover 25 mm
Effective depth 125 mm

Design of waist slab for reinforcement

2
Ast 706.13 𝑚𝑚
2
Use 10mm diameter of Area 78.5 𝑚𝑚
No of bars required 14
Spacing, s 107.14 mm
Provide 10 mm dia @ 110 mm c/c
Distribution of Steel
2
Asd 180 𝑚𝑚
2
Use 8 mm dia bar 50.24 𝑚𝑚
Provide 8 mm dia @ 250 mm c/c as distribution steel
Detailing: