STA. CECILIA CATHOLIC SCHOOL FOUNDATION, INC.

Canlubang, Calamba City

SCIENCE 10 THIRD QUARTER

LEARNING MODULE 9 REFLECTION OF LIGHT

Name: Magsino, Leslie Anne D. Teacher: Maribel Zaide Delfin

INTRODUCTION

When you look in the mirror, you see an image of yourself. The image that you see results from the light
reflected from your face, then bouncing off the mirror surface and entering your eyes. Without a light source
illuminating your face, you will not be able to see any image in the mirror.

In this module, you will learn how reflection of light allows us to see objects around us. At night or when you
enter a dark room, everything appears black. You need light to shine on things so you can be able to see them.
We will also learn how images are formed in plane and spherical mirrors using light ray diagrams and using the
mirror equation. Different types of images can be produced depending on the type of mirror and the distance of
the object from the mirror.

Our learning objectives for this module are as follows:

 explain how light behaves when it strikes a surface

 discuss how reflection of light allows us to see objects
 draw ray diagrams for images formed by plane and spherical mirrors
 use the mirror equation in locating and describing images formed by mirrors.

Activity 1. Reflection of Light Day 1

As an introduction to reflection of light, watch the video clip below and the file Sci 10 light ray (961 KB).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skGmQC87Bvg&t=53s
Reflection of Light by Don’t Memorise (3:03 minutes)

Exercise 1. (10 points)

Based on the above video and the pdf file, answer the questions below.

1. How do we see things around us?

We can see elements around us because of the light. The light emitted by an object like the sun travels to
space and reaches our eyes. Pay attention to how we cannot see in the dark places, our eyes are still
functioning but due to the light's absence, we see nothing at all.

2. Differentiate a luminous object from a non-luminous object. Give five examples for each.
Luminous objects are things that generate their own light. These objects can cause a sensation of light.
Representations of luminous objects are the sun, candle, flashlight, electric bulb, and lamp. On the contrary,
non-luminous objects are things that cannot generate light by themselves. They depend on the luminous
objects in order to be seen. Examples of non-luminous objects are the moon, clothes, table, chair, and
plants.

3. How do we see things that are not luminous?

We can see objects that do not emit their own light known as non-luminous objects because of the reflection
of light coming from the luminous objects. For instance, the room you are in does not contain objects that all
generate their own light, nevertheless, you can still see your things because the light from the ceiling bulbs
overhead is being reflected.
4. What is reflection of light?
Reflection of light occurs when light bounces off from a surface. It allows us to see non-luminous objects.
The source (luminous object) produces its light then the reflection of light occurs directly to the non-luminous
things, once the light reached it, we are now capable of seeing them using our eyes. Due to the transitions to
the light direction, from the sun, we can now see the beautifully growing roses even if they do not emit their
light.

5. Explain how we can see our own image in a mirror.

Our body is an example of a non-luminous object, nonetheless, we can still see ourselves in the mirror. This
is made possible due to the 'reflection of light'. Once the light bounces off our body, the light is reflected, this
reflected light from the human body strikes the mirror, and from the mirror, the light will be reflected again
towards our eyes, therefore, we can finally observe our own reflection.
 Page 2

Activity 2. Law of Reflection Day 2

Light behaves in a predictable manner. It travels in straight lines and it always follows the law of reflection.
When light strikes any surface, it will bounce back according to the diagram below. To learn more about
reflection of light, read your book Lesson 5.1, pp. 92-94; and the file Sci 10 reflection (952 KB).

The Law of Reflection states that when a light

ray reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence
(i) is equal to the angle of reflection (r).

Exercise 2A. (5 points)

Answer the questions based on the diagrams shown.

1. Based on the diagram at the right, which is the angle of incidence?

a. A b. B c. C. d. D

2. Which is the angle of reflection?

a. A b. B c. C. d. D

3. A ray of light (A) is incident towards a plane mirror at an angle of 30 with the surface (see diagram below).
What will be the angle of reflection?
a. 30 c. 90
b. 60 d. a or b

4. What do you call ray A?

a. reflected ray c. refracted ray
b. incident ray d. diffused ray

5. What do you call ray B?

a. incident ray b. reflected ray c. refracted ray d. transmitted ray

Exercise 2B. (10 points)

incident A man is sitting in a room with a cat. The room has

ray
no window and the door is closed. The only source of light is an
reflected
ray electric light bulb.

1. When the light is switched on, explain how the light bulb helps the man see the cat? Draw arrows on the
above diagram to explain.
Once the light bulb is switched on, the light produced will fall on the cat forming an incident ray which is
known as the ray of light that strikes a surface (cat). The incident ray will be reflected by the cat forming
reflected ray, forms when the incident ray bounced back in the same medium after striking the reflecting
surface. The reflected ray will reach the eyes of the man and he can now see the cat sitting across him.

2. When the light is switched off and there is no light in the room, can the man see the cat? Explain.
No, the man will not be able to see the cat once the room is completely out of light. Considering that a cat is
a non-luminous object meaning it does not generate its own light, therefore, there is no feasible way that the
cat can be seen unless a light from a luminous object will hit on it. Remembering that the non-luminous
object solely depends on luminous objects to be observed by one's eyes.
3. When the light is switched off and there is no light in the room, can the cat see the man? Explain.
One of the incredible features of a cat is its eyes that are better adapted for lower light conditions than
humans are. Their eyes make it possible for them to stay awake or hunt during dawn and dusk. However,
they still need even just a little source of light to be able to see something or someone. Assessing that it is
verified that no animal can see in complete darkness because the structures of every eye depend on the
presence of some light. All things considered; the cat cannot see the man without any existence of light in
the room they are in.
Page 3
Activity 3. Plane Mirrors Day 3

Plane mirrors have a flat reflective surface. The image produced by a plane mirror has very distinct
characteristics which you will learn in this activity. Read your book Lesson 5.2 – 5.3, pp. 94-97; and the files
Sci 10 plane1 (906 KB) and Sci 10 plane2 (774 KB).

Exercise 3. (10 points)

1. Draw light rays to determine the image formed by the plane mirror below. Label your ray diagram properly.
Write description of the image as indicated.
Image Description:
upright 1. Orientation

2. Type
virtual
3. Size

4. Location
same as the object
image
same distance from
mirror as object

2. If Sam stands 2.5 feet in front of a plane mirror, how far from Sam will her image be located? Show your
answer with a drawing below. Represent Sam with an arrow.

2.5 ft 2.5 ft

Sam image

2.5 ft + 2.5 ft = 5.0 ft – distance of image from Sam

Activity 4. Spherical Mirrors Day 4

A spherical or curved mirror is a portion of a spherical reflecting

surface that was sliced away. If the reflecting surface is on the
inside of the sphere, a concave mirror is formed. If on the outside of
the sphere, a convex mirror is produced.
Read about spherical mirrors in your book Lesson 5.4-5.6, pp. 98-
106. Also read the files Sci 10 concave1 (989 KB), Sci 10 concave2
(907 KB), Sci 10 convex1 (675 KB), Sci 10 convex2 (916 KB) and
Sci 10 mirror uses (633 KB).

Exercise 4A. (5 points)

Choose the correct answer.
1. Which is TRUE about a real image?
a. It is formed when actual light rays converge. c. It is always formed behind the mirror.
b. It is always upright. d. a and b
2. Which mirror always produce a virtual image?
a. concave b. convex c. plane d. b and c

3. Which is a TRUE statement for a virtual image?

a. It is always inverted. c. It is always behind the mirror.
b. It is always reduced. d. None of the above
4. Which mirror is used as rear view and side mirrors of cars because it provides a wider field of view?
a. concave b. convex c. plane d. both a and b
5. Which of the following uses concave mirrors?
a. car headlight b. road safety mirror c. telescope d. both a and c
 Page 4

Exercise 4B. (10 points)

Draw light ray diagrams to locate the image for each mirror. Describe the images formed in each case.

1.
A
Image Description:
B 1. Orientation inverted

image 2. Type real

3. Size smaller than the object

B
4. Location between C and F
A

2.

Image Description:
1. Orientation upright

image 2. Type virtual

B 3. Size smaller than object

B
4. Location behind the mirror
A

Activity 5. Mirror Equation Day 5

Ray diagrams can be used to know the approximate location, size and orientation of images formed by mirrors.
However, to determine the exact location and size of images, we need to use the mirror equation:

1 + 1 = 1 = 2 f = focal length R = radius of curvature

do di f R do = object distance from vertex of mirror
di = image distance from vertex of mirror

To know the magnification or size of image relative to the object, we need to use the magnification equation:

M = magnification
M = hi = - di hi = height of image ho = height of object
ho do
do = object distance from vertex of mirror
di = image distance from vertex of mirror

Read more about the mirror and magnification equations in your book Lesson 5.6, pp. 105-106; and in the file
Sci 10 mirror eq (909 KB).
 Page 5
Exercise 5. (10 points)

Solve the following problems using the mirror and magnification equation. Show your solutions and indicate
units of measurement. Encircle your final answer.

1. Determine the image distance and image height for an 8.00-cm tall object placed 18.0 cm from a concave
mirror having a focal length of 12.0 cm.

Given: f = 12.0 cm d o = 18.0 cm h o = 8.0 cm

Find: a. d i b. hi

1 1 1 hi −d i
Formula: a. = + b. =
f do di ho d o

Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1
a. = + − = − =
12 18 d i 12 18 d i 36 36 d i
1 1 1d i 36
= = d i=36.0 cm
36 d i 1 1

hi −36 18 hi −288
b. = 18 hi=−288 = hi =−16.0 cm
8 18 18 18

2. Find the image distance and image height of a 5.00-cm tall object placed 10.0 cm from a concave mirror
having a focal length of 15.0 cm.

Given: f = 15.0 cm d o = 10.0 cm h o = 5.0 cm

Find: a. d i b. hi

1 1 1 hi −d i
Formula: a. = + b. =
f do di ho d o

Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1
a. = + − = − =
15 10 d i 15 10 d i 30 30 d i
−1 1 −1 di 30
= = d i=−30.0 cm
30 di −1 −1

hi 30 10 hi 150
b. = 10 hi=150 = hi =15.0 cm
5 10 10 10

Activity 6. Synthesis Day 6

To assess your understanding of reflection of light, answer selected questions in your book as indicated below.

Exercise 6. (25 points)

A. Multiple Choice. Answer numbers 1-15, pp. 109-110. (15 points)

1. A. concave mirror
2. A. 0.7 m
3. B. convex mirror
4. C. 45°
5. D. 2.0 m
6. A. real
7. B. 6.0 cm
8. C. principal focus
9. D. real, inverted, and the same size as the object
10. D. perpendicular to the interface
11. D. The mark will appear as YKCUL to a person looking at the mirror
12. C. plane mirror
13. B. one-half
14. D. a ray passing through the center of curvature
15. A. aperture