ELEMENTARY SURVEYING FIELD MANUAL

 2006

FIELD WORK NO. 2

TAPING ON LEVEL AND ON UNEVEN GROUND

COURSE AND SECTION: CE120-02F – A7

SUBMITTED BY:

SN. 47 NAME: SUMANDE, CEDRIX V. STUDENT NO: 2019152006

GROUP NO.5 CHIEF OF PARTY: SANTOS, ARDEN

DATE OF FIELDWORK: 02/09/2020 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 0 6 / 0 9 / 2 0 2 0

SUBMITTED TO:

GRADE
PROFESSOR: CIRILO JR. MORILLO

ELEMENTARY SURVEYING 1
GROUP NO. 5 CHIEF OF PARTY: SANTOS, ARDEN

MEMBERS:
41 Paras, Andrei Philip 47 Sumande, Cedrix
43 Santos, Arden Clarenze 48 Tenebroso, Angelo
44 Sarcia, Aicrasely 49 Viclar, John Laurence Emmanuel
45 Sarmiento, Darryl Christian 50 Vytingco, Antonio Lorenzo
46 Simsuangco, Denzel John

FIELD WORK NO. 2

TAPING ON A LEVEL AND ON UNEVEN GROUND

OBJECTIVES:

1. To develop the skills of taping the distance on a level ground where

the tape is fully supported by the ground.
2. To acquire the skills of taping the distance on an uneven ground
where the tape is only supported at the ends.

INSTRUMENTS:

1. 2 range poles or equivalent

2. chalk and/or 1 set of marking pins or any marker
3. 2 plumb bobs or makeshift similar instrument
4. Meter tape or any measuring tool

PROCEDURE:

TAPING ON A PLAIN LEVEL GROUND

1. The student assigns the accessible and unobstructed course to be measured

on a level ground by about 20 paces to 50 paces or whichever is applicable
but the greatest number of paces inside the house or own backyard. The
student may seek for assistance from immediate family members in the
conduct of this activity specifically in holding the tape from the opposite end.
2. The student marks the end points by a chalk if it is on pavement or by a
3” common wire nail (c.w. nail) if it is on soft ground or any marker and
designates it as end points A and B.
3. A range pole or equivalent shall be placed vertically and steadily during the
entire taping procedure at B to keep the complete taping process aligned
and straightened.
4. A 5-meter tape is stretched out on the ground on the straight path along A to
B where the 0-end is held ahead (Note: 0-end is nearer B than A).Make
sure that path is straight and pull the tape taut once the tape is aligned
already.
 5. The student gets a pin or chalk or any marker and put a mark in the
ground exactly opposite the 0-meter mark of tape.
6. The student lifts simultaneously the tape and move forward along the line AB
to measure the next tape length. By now the student marked the ground with
1 marking pin or chalk or equivalent which signifies one tape length.
7. The procedure 4-6 is repeated to complete the next tape length
measurement. Make sure that student shall mark with pin or chalk or
equivalent before lifting the tape to move on to the next tape length. The 2nd
marker connotes 2 tape lengths which have been measured.
8. Repeat the same process until point B is reached (in this procedure, 1 tally
=2 tape lengths). After a tally has been accomplished, the student shall
proceed in measuring the length of the course. (It is suggested that the
student tallies in the field computation sheet provided the number of one
complete round) Note: One round is when all the ten pins are now being
held).
9. Repeat the same procedure if more than one tally is needed.
10. Upon reaching point B the partial length must be measured accurately up
to centimeters by the student.
11. The course is measured back and forth to complete the number of
trials required by the professor.

TAPING ON UNLEVEL GROUND

1. The same course is measured but this time the 5-m tape length will be
unsupported by the ground and must be held about an eye-level
distance above the ground.
2. The student and assigned family member hold a plumb line or
makeshift similar instrument over the center of the hub.
3. The student (front tape man) must hold his plumb line an arm’s length away
from his body for the assigned family member (rear tape man) to clearly see
if it is aligned in the range pole at B.
4. Once the assigned family member approves of the alignment, the assigned
family member holding the 0-mark pulls the tape taut and drops this plumb
bob on the ground. This will mark the ground with a dent to guide the student
where he must put his marking pin or chalk or equivalent.
5. This is to be done continuously until point B is reached. Note that the partial
length must also be measured as in procedure A.
6. The course is measured back and forth to complete the number of
trials required by the professor.
 COMPUTATIONS:

The computation of sample field notes is done in accordance with the steps listed
hereunder:

A. Computation of an unknown distance.

The number of tallies is equivalent to the number of pebbles being held by the rear
tape-man, and the number of pins is the number of tape lengths. Multiply the
number of tallies by two (2) and add it to the number of pins. The sum is then
multiplied by the length of one tape length and then added to the last partial tape
length to get the length of the course AB.

No  tallies  No.  of 

No  tape lengths  (No.  of  tallies) * 2  No.  of 

 of  the  course  AB  No.  of  tape lengt hs   Length  of  one  tape length   Partial  Length

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:

1. What are the different sources of taping errors?

 The common sources of taping errors are length, temperature error, tension error or pull error,
sag error, poor alignment, non-horizontal tape, incorrect plumbing, poor labeling and wrong
reading or interpretation. Where taping errors are also found to be different.

2. Discuss the different ways to lessen them or fully eliminate taping errors.

 For the correction of taping calculation, the various ways to minimize or eliminate taping errors
are measured. Various solutions are available for the above taping errors. These formulas are
then translated into the general form C L = M L±C T, where C L is the length corrected, M L is the
length measured and C T is the correction. Set tape length can be resolved by means of the
formula c M L / L n where c is the tape correction (calculated by subtracting the assigned length
from the real tape length) and L n is the nominal or specified tape length. Temperature correction
can be determined by means of the formula L(t a-T s), in which ̈ l is the thermal expansion
coefficient of the film, l is the specified band-long, T a is the actual temperature during the
measurement and T s is the normal band-level temperature. Correction due to tension or pull can
 be calculated using formula P a-P s L / AE, where the calculation is centered on the pull of P a, P
s on the normal pull of the tape, L on the length of the tape, A on the cross part of the tape and E
on the material elasticity element. Sag corrections may be resolved using the form -[w^2 ^L u
alle^3]/ (24(preferably, preferably, a measuring digital diameter), where w is the weight of the
tape, L u is the unasserted tape length, and p a is the pull applied during the measurement. Two
formulas may be used to measure correction by pitch: -s(1-cos as the slope distance and -h^2/2s,
so is the reference angle from the horizontal point, and h is the difference in lifting. Finally, the
middle sea level correction can be calculated by means of the Formula HL / R, while H is the
average line height above the mean sea level, L is the indicated belt length and R the average
earth's radius is around 6370 km. Furthermore, it is advised that one must be knowledgeable on
the proper use of these measuring materials to have a more accurate taping distances and lower
chance of error.

3. What is the total length of the course XY if the rear tape-man holds exactly
holds 9 pebbles and 3 pins after measuring the course XY? Assume that one
tape length is equivalent to 30m.

 Lenght of the course AB= ( no . of tape lenght ) x ( lenght of the tape lenght )+ ∂lenght of thetape
 Lenght of the course XY =[ ( 9 pebbles )∗10+3 pins ] x ( 30 m )+ 0
Lenght of the course XY =93 tallies x 30 m= Lenght of thecourse XY =2790 m
FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELD WORK 2 TAPING ON LEVEL AND ON UNEVEN GROUND

DATE: 09/02/2020 GROUP NO. 5

TIME: 5:00 pm LOCATION: Bulacan
WEATHER: Cloudy PROFESSOR: Morillo, Cirilo Jr.

B. TAPING ON LEVEL GROUND

TRIAL LINE NUMBER NUMBER PARTIAL COMPUTED MEAN

OF TALLY OF PINS TAPE DISTANCE DISTANCE
LENGTH (M) (M) (M)
1 AB 1 2 3.03 13.03
2 BA 1 2 3.04 13.04 13.036
3 AB 1 2 3.04 13.04

B. COMPUTATIONS:
No. of tallies = No. of pebbles
No. of tape length = No. of pins
No. of pace = 23
Pace Factor (m) = 0.57
P.D. = 23(0.57) = 13.11 m
Lenght of the course ( AB−trial 1 )= (2 )( 5 m )+ ( 3.03 m ) =13.03m
Lenght of the course ( BA −trial 2 )=( 2 ) (5 m ) + ( 3.04 m )=13.04 m
Lenght of the course ( AB−trial 3 ) =( 2 )( 5 m ) + ( 3.04 m )=13.04 m
13.03 m+13.04 m+13.04 m
Mean Distance ( M )= =13.036 m
3
13.11 m−13.036 m
Percent Error= x 100=0.56 %
13.11 m
 C. TAPING ON AN IRREGULAR GROUND

TRIAL LINE NUMBER NUMBER PARTIAL COMPUTED MEAN

OF TALLY OF PINS TAPE DISTANCE DISTANCE
LENGTH (M) (M) (M)
1 AB 1 2 3.01 13.01
2 BA 1 2 3.02 13.02 13.016
3 AB 1 2 3.02 13.02

D. COMPUTATIONS:
No. of tape lengths = No. of pins
No. of Pace = 23
Pace Factor (m) = 0.57
23(0.57) = 13.11 m
Lenght of the course ( AB−trial 1 )= (2 )( 5 m )+ ( 3.01m )=13.01 m
Lenght of the course ( AB−trial 1 )= (2 )( 5 m )+ ( 3.02m )=13.02 m
Lenght of the course ( AB−trial 1 )= (2 )( 5 m )+ ( 3.02m )=13.02 m
13.01 m+13.02 m+13.02 m
Mean Distance ( M )= =13.016 m
3
13.11 m−13.016 m
Percent Error= x 100=0.72 %
13.11 m

E. SKETCH:

A B
Mean Distance = 13.016m
23 Paces

SIGNATURE OF STUDENT
 SIGNATURE OF
THE PROFESSOR

PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

-Starting point (Point A) -Using the Heel to heel pace

 -Accumulate 23 paces -End point (Point B)

-Hollow blocks substitute to range poles - Unlevel ground

- Point B. Unlevel ground procedure

CONCLUSION
Breaking tape requires more time but is more effective than using the film as a whole.
However, if this procedure is used incorrectly, errors can be made. If the tapes are
not removed to make it obvious. Corrections will also be rendered if they are
removed, as the force applied to the tape it will only spread the tapestry. Then, when
the tape is incorrect, errors cannot be avoided. It is safer to use this method to avoid
the slitting of the meter band when taking long measurements on even grounds.
However, read and move the tape carefully. The plumb bob is a big aid in
determining the actual horizontal scale but in this Field work we use improvised
plumb bomb just to make sure the pole was straight enough. Potential source errors
are found during the failure of the tape system to achieve distance measurement. An
error could be made on the grounds that the surveyor did not measure the course in
a straight lane.

Do not check whether the tape is on a direct path. Uniformly, if the tape was not
horizontally oriented and the plumb bob was not balanced, errors can be made in the
properties of the tape. Since we use steel tape, the correction of the tape depends
on the weather, the environment, the force applied to the tape, and so on. It can also
be extended and compressed.

Errors can be reduced by a few checks. With several tests, you can calculate the mean
distance of the course, which will the source of the error. Another step is the vertical
accuracy of the range poles and the plumb bomb is perpendicular to the tape to
determine the horizontal distance precisely. At the end of the day, caution is required
when setting pins, reading tapes or handling equipment.

This field work may be used for distance measurement. Regardless of whether this is
rough land, it is possible to apply the technique of using the strip in any terrain, such
as rugged areas and hills. It may also be used to separate itself from a courthouse or
school.

Overall, in conducting this field work by one member in our group was a bit hard
 because we do not have necessary materials like abbny hand level or poles because
of this Pandemic. But the work should be done, in order to complete our task, we
made some improvised materials to experience conducting the data in the field at the
same time we learn how surveying works in Civil Engineer.

RECOMMENDATION
In doing this kind of field work, a person must use his/her creative style to improvise the
necessary instrument that need for this kind of field work. Like we do in this field
work, we use hollow blocks to substitute for the range poles, and chalk for marking
pins for the steps to calculate our pace. In this kind of field work the vital importance
that a surveyor must be required in order to complete this field work despite working
in their own houses is the mind for creativity to improvised the instruments that
needed by the task.