Reviewer for Chemical Engineering ‘Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Eaton Screening THEORY AND EQUATIONS (Screening — separates a mixture of various sizes of particles into two or more portions, each of which is more uniform in size of particle than the original mixture. ~ passing a material over a surface provided with openings of the desired size. Dry Screening ~ the treatment of a material containing a natural amount of moisture or a material that has been dried before screening. Wet Screening — an operation when water is added to the material being treated for the purpose of washing the fine material through the screen, Importance of Screening 1, means of preparing a product for sale or for subsequent operation (as in marketing of con! where the size is the basis for its classification for sale) 2. means of analysis, either to control or gauge the effectiveness of another operation such as crushing or grinding (to contro! the rates of reactions involving solids as in) 3. todetermine the value of a product for some specific application Methods of Indicating Particle Size Distribution -} SECOND ize, | in, +t 4 ‘Through 10 mesh on 20 mesh ‘Undersize, 200 mesh Screen Analyses Screens ~ used for control and analytical work. They are constructed of wire mesh cloth, the diameters of the wire and the spacing of the wires are specified Screen Aperture ~ clear space between the individual wires of the screen ‘Mesh ~ number of apertures per linear inch Example: A 10-mesh screen will have 10 openings per inch and the aperture will be 0.1 inch minus the diameter of the wire Screen Interval ~ relationship between the successive sizes of screen openings in a series 24 Scanned with CamScannerReviewer for Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Edtion Screening Types of Testing Steves 1. Tyler Standard Sieve Sertes ~ series of screens based upon a 200 mesh screen with wire 0.0021 in. thick and with an opening of 0.0029 in (0.0074 em). The other sizes vary by a fixed ratio of V2 . The mesh is only up to 400. 2. United States Sieve Series ~ introduced by the National Bureau of Standards differ slightly from the Tyler Series being based on a I-mm opening (No. 18 mesh) and varying by 42 . 3. International Test Sieve Series — similar to both but the wires have different gauges. Methods of Reporting Screen Analysis 1. Differential Screen Analysis or Fractional Plot The data consist of [A¢, vs.D,.9|or [A¢, vs-Dp] where Ag, = mass fraction retained by screen, n Dy» = particle diameter or mesh opening Bynes to 2. Cumulative Analysis or Curnulative Plot ¥ a. The data consist of [f,v.s.D,..] where $, = Ag, = b. The data consist of [(i-¢,)vs.D,.,] where ¢, = fraction larger than Dy» 1—¢,= fraction smaller than Dax Ordinary rectangular coordinates or logarithmic methods of plotting can be used. However, the logarithmic method is preferred as this spreads the points for the small particles along the dimension scale. Effectiveness of Screens FEED Fae Seren OVERSIZE : Rag UNDERSIZE (Product) Paxp 275 Scanned with CamScannerReviewer for Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Edition Screening Letx = mass fraction of the desired material (in this case the Undersize) ‘Px, Re = Pe ecovery= Pi Rejection = 1 — Recovery of Undesired Material = (i-s,) 9) rid) Pr, Effectiveness = (R jection), E=—-? fetiveness = (Recovery) x Rejection), E = 8-7 Ay F In terms of mass fraction: Overall Material Balance: F = P +R _teseYlap=s i= xp)(xp—xp je (x, — xp ] xp ep — xp Industrial Screening Equipment 1. Grizzlies ~ widely used for screening large sizes, particularly of | inch and over. The material enters at the top left and works its way downward to the right, The large and oversize particles are discharged over the lower right end and the smaller particles pass through the slots between the bars into the hopper directly below. 2. Stationary Screens - made of punched metal plates or woven wire mesh, usually set at an angle with the horizontal up to about 60°, Suitable for small scale operation such as screening sand, gravel or coal. 3. Vibrated Screens — used where large tonnages are to be treated. They are particularly useful in the chemical ond fertilizer industry. They handle very successfully many light, finc, and dry materials and metal powders. Most of these screens have intense, high speed (1500 to 7208 vibrations/min). 4. Oscillating Screens — characterized by low-speed (300 to 400 rpm) oscillations. Screens in this group are usually used from % inch to 60 mesh. Silk cloth are often used. 5. Reciprocating Screens — used extensively and are standard equipment in many chemical and processing plants for handling fine separations even down to 300 mesh. Used to handle a variety of chemicals, usually dry, light or bulky materials, light metal powders, powdered foods and granular materials. 276 Scanned with CamScannerReviewer for Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Edition Screening, 6. Trommels or Revolving Screens - consist ofa cylindrical screen rotating about its axis. Revolves at very low speed of 15 t0.20 rpm. Efficiency is relatively low. 7. Gyratory Screens — box-like machines either round or square with a series of screen cloths nested atop one another. Testing Sleve Shakers 1, Ro-Tap Testing Sieve ~ equipped with 1 to 13 sieves ata time 2. End-Strak Testing Steve Shaker 3. Dynamic Sieve Shaker Capacity of Screens The sereen capacity indicates how much material a screen can handle, Expressions of screen capacity: 1. mass of feed /(ime) area): MT eed 2h-ft massoffeed MT feed 2 1 MT fied _ (time)(area)(aperture) day — fi? — mm REVIEW QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1, The material passing one screening surface and retained on a subsequent surface is called ‘8. intermediate material ¢. plus material 'b. minus material d. none of these 2. The minimum clear space between the edges of the opening in the screening surface and is usually given in inches or millimeters. a. sieve ¢. mesh number b. aperture d. holes 3. ‘The screen used in making size separation smaller than 4-mesh and larger than 48- mesh. a. grizzly screen . oscillating screen b. gyratory screen . vibrating screen 4. When the object is to recover an oversize product from the screen, efficiency may be expressed as a. ratio of the amount of undersize obtained to the amount of undersize in the feed b. using the Taggart Formula, 2=fE=4 100 where e= percentage of undersize inthe feed; v= percentage of undersize in the screen oversize ¢. ratio of the amount of oversize obtained to the amount of true oversize d. none of these : an Scanned with CamScannerReviewer for Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Edwon Screening, _—_=#_ | EEO 5. The wire diameter of a 14-mesh screen (Tyler Standard) is a, 0.0235 in. ¢. 0.028 in. b. 0.025 in. d. 0.03 in, 6. Box-like machines, either round or square with a series of sereen clothes nested atop one another. . a, reciprocating screen «. electricity vibrated screen b. oscillating screen 4. gyratory screen 7. The removal of a small amount of oversize from a feed which are predominantly fines iscalled a. scalping ©. coarse separation b, desliming d. dewatering 8, Removal of free water from a solids-water mixture and is generally limited to 4 mesh and above. a. scalping . trash removal b. dewatering d. separation 9. Making a size separation smaller than 48-mesh is called a. coarse separation . ultrafine separation b. fine separation 4. scalping 10. Another name for revolving screen is a. shaking screen ¢. mechanically vibrated screen b. vibrating screen 4. trommel screen 11, The mesh number of a screen denotes a, the area of the sereen in square inch b. the number of épening per linear inch of screen , the number of layers in a screen system 4. the number of screens needed to obtain the required fines 12, Materials which remain on a screen surface are called a. fines ¢. intermediate material b. undersize d. oversize 13, The wire diameter of 10-mesh screen whose aperture is 0.065 in. is a. 0.045 in. ¢. 0.035 in. b. 0.025 in. 4. 0.050 in, desired to separate a mixture of sugar crystals into two fractions, a coarse fraction retained on an 8-mesh screen, and a fine fraction passing through it. Screen analysis of feed, coarse and fine fractions show Mass fraction of +8 particles in feed = 0.46 Mass fraction of +8 particles in coarse fractio1 88 Mass fraction of +8 particles in fine fraction = 0.32 278 Scanned with CamScannerReviewer for Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Edition Screening ————— 15, 16. The overall effectiveness of the screen used for the separation purpose per 100 kg of feed is a 45% ©. 40% b. 55% d. 47.8% Problems /5 and 16 are based on the following information: Limestone is crushed by six units operating in parallel and the products separated by six 35-mesh sereens also in parallel, into two fractions. The effective dimensions of each sereen is 6° by 20°. The common undersize from the screen comes out at the rate of 50 tons/hour. Assume no losses. ‘The efficiency of screening operation is a. 528% ©. 48.2% b. 56% d. 50% ‘The capacity of each screen in Ib/24 hour per sq. ft. is a. 5800 ©. 5750 b. $600 4, $670 Problems 17 and 18 are based on the following information: 1800 Ibs of dolomite per hour is produced by crushing and then screening through a 14-mesh screen. The screen analysis is as follows: 219 Scanned with CamScannerReviewer for Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Edition Screening 17. The total load to the crusher is a. 6300 Ibs‘hour ¢. 6400 Ibs/hour b, 6510 Ibshour 4d, 6320 Ibs/fhour 18. The effectiveness of the screen a. 62.5% c. 65% b, 64% d. 60% 19, Granular feldspar is produced by beneficiation of high alumina river sand. After screening, drying and magnetic separation, the recovery is only 21%. Tie screen analysis of this product on a dry basis is as shown: Ina specific application, this product must be reprocessed to remove the grains finer than 100 mesh. Where 2,0 MT reprocessed product is required. ‘The MT of river sand with 10% moisture that would have to be beneficiated is a. 132MT ¢. 1S3MT. b. 142MT. d. 12.2MT Problems 20 to 22 are based on the following information: Fine silica is fed at 1500 Ibs/hour to a double-deck vibrating screen combination to ‘obtain a 48/65 mesh (Tyler) product, The silica feed is introduced into the upper screen of the 48 mesh and the product is discharged off the surface of the lower screen of 65 mesh. During the screening operation, the ratio of oversize to product to undersize is is of the different fractions: lass | Oversize Mass Undersize [tora to 28735 | oze21 [oes 0.3385 [0.00453] | —_ 436502810 0.0660 0.5260] 0.34400_ | Scanned with CamScannerReviewer for Chemical Engineering ‘Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Edition Screening 20. The effectiveness of the screening equipment is 18. 58.7% ©. 68.6% b. 48.7% 4. 45.6% 21. If the screens measure 5 ft x 8 ft each, the capacity in MT/day-ft?-mm of the 65 mesh sereen on the basis of a perfectly functioning 48 mesh screen is 2. 0.901 ©. 0.801 b. 1.09 4. 0.75 22. The capacity in MT/day-ft?-mm on the basis of the actual performance of the 48 mesh sereen a. 1,09 ©, 129 b. 901 4.149 23. If the total percentage of particlés larger that the screen opening in the feed, product, and undersize are 36%, 89% and 3%, respectively, the effectiveness of the screen is % 2. 93.4 ©, 95.0 b. 88.5 64 24, The Tyler Standard screen series is characterized by 8. square root of two ratio of areas between successive screens b. square root of four ratio of linear openings between successive screens . twice the area ratio between successive screens d. none of these 25, The ratio of the clear opening corresponding to a mesh size in the Tyler Standard screen series to that of the next smaller screen is, a2 1s b. 2 d. none of these 26. The clear opening of a 200-mesh screen in the Tyler Standard screen series is a. 0.0074 cm . 0.0047 em b, 0.0074 mm . 0.0047 mm, 27. The ratio of the area of the opening in one screen (Tyler Series) to the opening of the next smaller screen is a 1s V2 b.1 d, none of these 28, The Cumulative Screen Analysis for determining the surface area of particles is more precise than the differential screen analysis because of the 1. assumption that all particles in a single fraction are equal in size ’. fact that screening is more effective ¢, assumption that all particles in a single fraction are equal in size is not needed 4. none of these 281 Scanned with CamScannerReviewer for Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Licensure Examination, 2nd Eduion Screening 29. Increasing the capacity of screen a. decreases the screen effectiveness b. increases the screen effectiveness ¢. does not affect the screen effectiveness d. none of these 30, The screen efficiency is a. recovery + rejection ¢. rejection b. recovery d. none of these 31. As the particle size is reduced screening becomes progressively more difficult . screening becomes progressively easier capacity and effectiveness of the screen is increased |. none of these pegs 32, A screen is said to be blinded when ” 2, oversize are present in undersize fraction b. undersize are retained in oversize fraction ¢. the screen is plugged with solid particles , its capacity is abruptly increased 33, Size measurement of ultrafine particles can be best expressed in terms of 8. centimeter . micron b. screen size d, surface area per unit mass 34. Trommels separate a mixture of particles depending on their a, size . screen size b, wettability . electrical and magazine 35. Screen capacity is expressed in terms of 8. tons/h ¢. both a and b b. tons/f? d. tonsth-f? 282 Scanned with CamScanner