MODULE 2

TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY BY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Articulate how science and technology change society
2. Discuss how Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud’s theories led to the rise of scientific revolution
3. Analyze how scientific revolution takes place in various parts of the world, such as Latin America, East
Asia, Middle East, and Africa

Overview

Scientific revolution marks a new age of science history. It marked the birth of science as a discipline and a
field of inquiry, and gave rise to scientific method growth. This was a period in the history of science, when many
scientific theories and observations were created that were considered innovative and useful. Some of these ideas in
the scientific community and in the political arena were also controversial. The scientific revolution has greatly
changed the way people research science and do scientific activities. It inspired human creativity and critical thinking,
moving away from thought experiments to data driven and experiment-based ideas.
In the period of scientific revolution there were many intellectuals who made essential contributions in
science. Nicolaus Copernicus developed a model of the universe in which everything moved at varying levels around
a single nucleus. He placed the sun in the center of the universe, and it was surrounded or orbited by all planets.
Copernicus’s model of planet surrounding around the sun automatically placed the planets into a logical sequence.
Charles Darwin made a significant contribution to the field of evolutionary biology and scientific theory. Until now,
his theory of evolution by natural selection has been very useful in many fields. Sigmund Freud developed the idea of
psychoanalysis which helped to understand human behavior, in particular neurological conditions
Over the years, science also developed in different parts of the world: in Asia, Europe, Mesoamerica. And
Africa. People in these continents invented tools to aid them in their everyday lives, discovered medicines to cure
illnesses, observed celestial bodies, constructed buildings, discovered many things, and invented mathematics as a
method and a discipline. Science provided the means to survive and understand the natural and physical world to
different ancient civilizations. This also allowed humans to build different technologies that helped them in their
everyday task.
 Name: Date:
Course and Year: Rating:

ACTIVITY 2

1. Form a small group (5 members).

2. Review the history of science and make a poster highlighting the major discoveries and
developments in science.
3. Write it on a clean bond paper.

THINK ABOUT THESE QUESTIONS

1. How did society shape science and how did science shape society?

2. How do the political and cultural landscapes of the society affect the development of scientific
culture, science activities, and science literacy?

3. How can science influence government policies?

4. Briefly give the similarities and differences of the following periods:

a. Freudian Revolution vs. Information Revolution
b. Mesoamerican Revolution vs. Darwinian Revolution

RUBRICS:

Content (5 pts): _____ Clarity (5 pts): _____ Grammar (5 pts): _____ Mechanics (5 pts): _____

REFERENCE:

• Bijker, W. E., Hughes, T. P., Pinch, T. and Douglas, D. G., The Social Construction of Technological Systems:
New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2012.
• Doria, B.D., Nacario, C.P.,&Solis, M.F. (2018). Science, Technology, and Society. Jimcxyville Publication.
• Serafica, J.P.J., et al,. (2018). Science, Technology, and Society. REX Book Store. (1 st Ed).
• Vectors: Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/search?q=activity+icon&sxsrf=ALeKk013yZU
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qAhWNHXAKHbq_CrkQ_AUoAXoECA8QAw&biw=1536&bih=722#imgrc=cA5sFL40zplttM