Week 4

8
Learning Outcome 3: Identify nail structure and shape
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
Technology and Livelihood 1.
2.
Identify nail structure
Perform nail trimmings and varied shape
Education
Home Economics Beauty care is an exciting field with many opportunities. A nail
salon or nail bar is a specialty beauty salon establishment that primarily offers
nail care services such as manicures, pedicures, and nail enhancements. Often,

BEAUTY CARE nail salons also offer skin care services. Manicures are also offered by general
beauty salons, spas, and hotels. People who work at nail salons are usually
called nail technicians, manicurists, or nailists.
(NAIL CARE) SERVICES
2.2 Inspected
defective tools and LO 3. Identify nail structure
LO 1. Prepare the equipment and shapes
necessary tools and
equipment for the specific TLE_HEBC7/8MT-0d-e-3
nail care activity 2.1 Clean tools
TLE_HEBC7/8UT-0a-b-1 according to
standard procedure
3.1 Identify nail
1.1. Identify the structure
uses of tools and LO 2. Perform basic
equipment in nail preventive and corrective
care according to maintenance
task requirement TLE_HEBC7/8MT-0d-e_3 3.2 Perform nail
trimmings to varied
shapes
1.2 Use tools and
LEARNING MODULE equipment
according to task
1.3. Observe safety
procedure of using tools
requirement and equipmnet
QUARTER 1 – WEEK 4,5,6,7

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 What’s In
WRITTEN WORK
What I Know
Directions:
1. Label the different parts of nail.
Directions: Match the statement in column A with column B. Write the letter of
your choice on the space before the number.
Column A Column B 1. _________________
_____1. A vertical splitting or separation a. Blue nails
of the nail plate layers at the distal 2.___________________
b. Brittle nails
(free) edge of the nail plate.
_____2. Extreme thickening curvature c. Claw nails
________________4.
of the nails, usually it is caused by d. Eggshell nails
varying degree of hyperkeratosis. ________________5.
e. Hangnails
_____3. A condition nail plate which 3. _________________
separates from the nail bed. f. Onychauxis or
_____4. Nail condition in which the hypertrophy
cuticle splits around the nail. 2. Identify the different shapes of nail.
_____5. Chronic inflammation of the g. Onychia
nail fold and nail bed (matrix). h. Onychocryptosis
_____6. Is referred to ingrown nails i. Onychomycosis
which affect the fingers and toenails a) _____________ b.___________ c)___________
j. Onychophagy or
_____7. Infectious disease caused by
a vegetable parasite. bitten nail
_____8. Deformity of nail plate caused k. Pterygium
by biting nails
l. Ridges
_____9. An overgrowth of cuticle which d)___________ e) _____________
sticks to the surfaces of nail plate.
_____10. Is caused by uneven growth
of the nails, usually resulting from illness.

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WRITTEN WORK

What’s New
Answer the following questions below:
1. Why is it important to clean our nails?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3. How important to have good structured nails?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
4. Do we need to maintain good structured and
clean nails?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
What is It
Definition of Terms:
Nail - a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes
Keratin -a sulfur-containing fibrous protein constituting the main
structural protein of hard epidermal tissues, such as horn , hair, feathers,
nails, claws, hoofs, and the like.
Dermis - the second layer of skin, it contains blood vessels, nerves, hair
roots and sweat glands.
Hyponychium - the epithelium of the nail bed, particularly its proximal
part in the region of the nail root and lunula, forming the nail matrix.
Epidermis - the upper or outer layer of the two main layers of cells that
make up the skin. The epidermis is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells
called squamous cells, these cells are round cells called basal cells. The
deepest part of the epidermis also contains melanocytes.
Basic Information About Nail
Nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The
main purpose of the nail is to protect the fingers and toes, however, the
fingernail also assists with certain physical activities in daily life.
Below are the diagrams of the nail and its structure.
Structures of Nail
1. Lunula - the pearly coloured and crescent shaped is due to the cells
being pushed closely together, the blood capillaries cannot be seen
through the lunula because of this.
2. Cuticle - the overlapping epidermis around the nail. It is the transparent
skin, which is called the 'true cuticle', that is removed during the
3
manicuring process
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3. Free edge -the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is
 an extension of the nail plate that overlaps the hyponychium
4. Matrix - the only living reproducing part of the nail. This is situated
directly below the cuticle. New cells form here and continually push
towards to produce the nail plate. It also contains blood vessels and
nerves. Blood supply provides the cells with nourishment. If the
matrix is damaged the nail will grow deformed.
5. Nail bed - the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on, also a
continuation of the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood
vessels and nerves, having numerous parallel ridges which dovetail
exactly with the ridges on the under surface of the nail plate.
6. Nail walls - the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. They
hold your nail in place and protect the nail plate edges.
7. Nail Plate - is visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge.
This is made
up from dead cells and minimum amount of moisture. The nail is
semi-transparent
– allowing the color of blood supply of the dermis to show.
looks very well in a short-medium length.
2. Round nail - ideal for shorter nails, the nail is allowed to grow out
straight at the sides for approximately 1.5 mm and then the tip is
filed into a rounded shape. This is a strong shape which is great
for those who keep their nails short.
3. Stiletto/ pointed nail - filed away at the sides to a point at the tip; this
shape is very weak as the sides of the nail (which provide the
strength) are totally lost
4. Squoval - As above, but followed by squaring off the tip, this gives the nail tip
strength over the oval shape
5. Square nail- The square-shaped nails are the most famous among the nail shapes. It
is created by allowing the nail to grow out straight and then filing the tip straight
across at right angles with the rest of the nail plate.

Week 5
Shapes of Nail NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDERS
The shape of nail conforms to that of finger tips of an individual. Nail diseases are conditions of both the nail, and the surrounding skin
which result from bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Some conditions will
show a green, yellow or black discoloration of the nail, depending on the nature
of the infection. The main course for infection is through damaged cuticles and
broken skin.
Many disorders can affect the nails. These disorders can affect any
portion of the nail unit and can impact the appearance of the nail plate itself.
Given below is a list of the few important nail diseases and disorders
and their characteristics.

1. Oval nail - this is common among people with long, perfect nail beds.

4
It may be styled slightly rounded at the base and slightly pointed

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at the fingertips. Most often this type of nail has a natural look and
 Nail Disorders Characteristics

1. Blue nails It is bluish in color, may

be attributed to poor blood
circulation or heart disorder.

It is a vertical splitting or
2. Brittle nails separation of the nail plate
layers at the distal (free) edge
of the nail plate. Over
exposure to detergent soap
and other chemical solvents
may attribute to the effect.

It shows dark purplish

(almost black or brown)
3. Bruised nails spots in the nail. This is
usually due to injury and
bleeding of the nail bed. As
the nail grows, dried blood
in the nail bed will also go
out.
The nail plate separates
4. Eggshell nails from the nail- bed and curves
at the free edge. It may be
caused by chronic illness of
the systemic or nervous
origin.
These are long ridges that
run either lengthwise or across
the nail. Some lengthwise
5. Furrows ridges are normal in adults.
These ridges increase with age
and can also because by

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psoriasis, poor circulation and
frostbite. Ridges that run
 across the nail are caused by
high fevers, pregnancy &
measles.
It is a condition in which the
cuticle splits around the nail.
6. Hangnails Carelessness in removing the
cuticle, dryness, cutting off
too much may result in
hangnails. It may cause
infection if not treated.
White spot appears
frequently in the
7. Leconychia or nails. They may be caused
white spot by injury to the base of the
nail. As the nail continues to
grow, these white spots
eventually disappear
It is an overgrowth of cuticle
which sticks to the surfaces
8. Pterygium of nail plate. Carefully
remove the adhering growth
by means of a cuticle nipper.
It is describe as wasting
away of the nail. The nail
9. Onychatrophia loses its luster, shrinks and
falls This can be caused by
injury to the nail matrix or
by internal disease.
It is an overgrowth of the
nail usually in thickness
10. Onychauxis or rather than length. It is
hypertrophy caused by an internal
imbalance, such as local
infection or heredity.
It is a deformity of nail plate

6
11. Onychophagy or caused by biting nails. It is

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bitten nail an acquired nervous habit
 which prompts the individual
to chew the nail or the
hardened cuticle.
It refers to split or brittle nails
12. Onychorrhexis caused by an injury to the
or split or brittle finger, careless filing of the
nails nails, excessive use of cuticle
solvents and nail polish
removers. The nails may be
extremely dry because of some
granular disorder.

13. Ridges It is caused by uneven growth

of the nails, usually resulting
from illness. Buffing the nails
with paste polish will help
remove ridges.
It is caused by an accident
14. Treating cuts during manicure service.
Apply an antiseptic
immediately. Do not apply
nail polish on the affected
area.

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 Nail Diseases Characteristics
It is an infectious disease caused
by a vegetable parasite. The onset
1. Onychomycosis
of the disease takes about two to
three months and the attack is
rarely on more than one or two Step 02:
nails. The appearance of the nail is Before using your nail cutter, make sure that it is clean. Wash your nail
Step 01:
Prepare the types of instruments for thisfrayed (worn
task. Nail out),who
cutter, brittle
has with cutter to remove dust and germs, especially when you are sharing your
small or medium slightly curved blades, which furrowed surface,
are suitable foropaque,
trimming grayish, nail cutter with someone else. Dry thoroughly after washing it.
or yellowish
the finger nails. Nail cutters with straight blades in color
are suitable for use.and is lifted- Step 03:
up by an accumulation of Wash your hands. Wipe dry with any towel or tissue paper to remove
extra water. This process cleans your fingernails, and beside cleaning
epidermis underneath.
Is a term applicable to chronic It is the periodic shedding of one or
inflammation of the nail fold and more nails, either in the whole or in
2. Onychia 4. Onychoptosis part. This condition maybe a symptom
nail bed (matrix). It results from
of a more alarm disease such as
the introduction of syphilis or can result from fever,
microscopic trauma
pathogen through small wounds. systematic upset or adverse reaction to
It is referred to ingrown nails drug.
which affect the fingers and
3. Onychocryptosis
toenails. It is marked by nail
It refers to the detachment of the nail
growth into surrounding tissues from the nail bed, starting at its distal
and may cause infection. Incorrect 5. Onycholysis and/or lateral attachment. The most
trimming a shaping of nails are common cause of onycholysis is
often responsible for ingrown psoriasis
nails.

It pertains to extreme thickening

Perform nail trimming: 6. Onychogryphosis curvature of the nails, usually it is
Trimming of nail plays a very vital role. It is very easy task but or claw nails caused by varying degree of
sometime it causes little problems such as unwanted abrasions and ingrown hyperkeratosis (skin disease in which
nails, when done not properly Apply the following steps while cutting nails. the skin gets thicker) on the distal
portion of the nail bed that detaches
and lifts the plate off the bed
 fingernails it also helps in softening your nails and easier to cut them The following are basic nail designs which you can offer in a nail
Step 04: salon. Steps and illustrations are shown below.
You must cut your nails in a place where you can clearly see what A. Plain manicure
you are doing. Put a small container near you in which you can It is the traditional application of nail polish to the
collect the nails.
Step 05:
Decide the shape of your nails. Decide which shape you actually
want. After deciding, lift the nail cutter and start cutting your nails.
Step 06:
Start cutting your nails starting from your little finger,
Step 07
Click on the nail cutter that can cut through the nail. You can make
at least two or three cuts of a finger nail until everything is snug.
Follow the curve of the nail to get a clean cut. Check skin flaps after
each cut and remove carefully.
Step 08: Steps in Plain manicure
Sit comfortably and crouch your knee side to easily reach up and see
1. Apply base coat
the nails clearly. Be sure not to set up deep razor to prevent
scratches. Adjust the position of razor if you feel any discomfort.  Begin with little finger of one hand. Repeat polish
Step 09: application on the other hand
After cutting your nails, use a nail file to smooth any rough 2. Apply two coats of polish
and odd surface of newly trimmed nails. When you file, do it  Use light long strokes from nail base to free edge
in on tilt – from the corner of the nail to go down.  Apply polish to the middle of the nail first and then to the sides.
Step 10:
Apply some moisturizer on your hands to keep the cuticles  Repeat second coat of polish to both hands
moisturized and smooth.  Remove excess polish around nail with a cotton tipped
orangewood stick
3. Apply top coat
 Apply a top coat over the entire nail plate.
Tips
Learn the history of color by buying an artist color wheel.
What’s More You can use what you learn to help clients select
complementary colors that match their skin tone.

Week 6 B. Half-Moon
Half-moon is a style that involves applying of nail polish over
Different basic nail designs the whole nail plate except the area of lunula.
Steps in giving Half-moon nail design
1. Apply base coat
2. Apply white or platinum 4. Remove excess polish
nail polish and leave for a 5. Apply top coat.
few minutes to dry.
D .French Manicure or Tip design:
It is a design which involves the application of
3. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side of the colored polish over the whole part of the nail except
nail following the shape of the lunula. Repeat the the area of the free-edge.
application of the nail polish if necessary.
Steps in giving French Manicure-Variation no. 1
1. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply white or platinum
nail polish and leave for a
few minutes to dry.
4. Remove excess polish from the skin.
5. Apply top coat.

C. Half- Moon with Tip

It involves the application of colored polish over the 3. Apply colored nail polish from one side to the other side of
whole nail plate except the area of lunula and tip of the the nail following the shape of the free- edge. Repeat the
nail. application of nail polish if necessary

Steps in Giving Half-moon with Tip

1. Apply base coat
2. Apply white or platinum
nail polish and leave for a
few minutes to dry 4. Remove excess polish
3. . Apply colored nail polish from one side to the other side 5. Apply top coat.
of the nail to form a half-moon, leaving the lunula of the
nail Leave the part of the free edge. The free edge should
French Manicure or Tip design - Variation no. 2
be seen. as in fig 5.Repeat the application of nail polish if
necessary.
 It involves the application of white nail polish or colored like.
polish on the tips and coating the rest of the nail with a sheer c) Fill up the other side to complete
polish. It’s suitable for short nails and those with moderate the design.
length of nails d) Remove excess polish.
e) Seal with a top coat.
Steps in giving French manicure-Variation no. 2

1. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes

2. Apply a coat of translucent pink polish over your entire nail.
3. With the use of white or colored nail
polish, draw a thin line over the tip of
the nail following the shape of the free
edge of the nail. Apply second coating
if necessary.
4. Remove excess polish.
5. Apply top coat.

E. Elephant Tusk
Elephant tusk is a style that involves
the application of nail polish to create S
curve, leaving a slightly larger gap along
the nail walls.

Steps in making Elephant Tusk:

a) Apply white or platinum nail What I Have Learned

polish and leave for a few WRITTEN WORK
minutes to dry.
Why is it important to trim our nails? Does it benefit to our health?

b) Apply colored nail polish

creating a half circle design
at the inner side of the nail
as you continue it to form S-
 What I Can Do
PERFORMANCE TASK Steps in Plain manicure
Apply base coat
Week 7 2. Apply two coats of polish
Instruction: Create your own video tutorial using the basic nail structure and 3. Apply top coat
design procedure below for the maximum of 10 minutes and minimum of
5minutes. You can submit your video presentation through flash drive or email. B. Half-moon
Send it to this email: ojalesjosebic@gmail.com Steps in giving Half-moon:

1. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side of the nail
following the shape of the lunula. Repeat the application of nail
polish if necessary.
3. Remove excess polish from the skin.
4. Apply top coat.
Use the rubric below for you to be guided in making your video tutorial on
C. Half- moon with Tip
nail care services.
Equipment tools and materials: Steps in Giving Half-moon with Tip
Base coat, Colored polish, Top coat, Acetone, Cotton, Orange 1. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry.
wood stick, Plastic spoons 2. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side of the
Directions: nail to form the half- moon, leaving the lunula of the nail.
1. Prepare all the materials needed in basic nail designs. 3. Remove excess polish
2. Follow the given instructions in every nail designs 4. Apply top coat.
3. Consider the size, color, shapes of your plastic spoons when doing your
project. D. French Manicure
4. Display your finished project on used illustration board. French design or Tip design: Variation no. 1 Steps in giving French
manicure-Variation no. 1
A. Plain manicure
1. Apply white or platinum polish
and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side following the shape
of the free-edge.
3. Remove excess polish
 4. Apply top coat. 1. Apply white or platinum
polish and leave for a few
French design or Tip design – Variation no. 2 Steps in giving French minutes to dry.
manicure-Variation no. 2 2. Apply colored polish from
one side to the other side
1. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes following the shape of the
2. Apply a coat of translucent pink polish over your entire nail. free-edge.
3. With the use of white or platinum nail polish, draw a thin 3. Remove excess polish
line over the tip of the nail following the shape of the free 4. Apply top coat
edge of the nail. Apply second coating if necessary.
4. Remove excess polish.
5. Apply top coat 5. French design or Tip design – Variation no. 2 Steps in giving French
manicure-Variation no. 2

E. Half- moon with Tip 6. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes

7. Apply a coat of translucent pink polish over your entire nail.

8. With the use of white or platinum nail polish, draw a thin line over
the tip of the nail following the shape of the free edge of the nail.
Apply second coating if necessary.
Steps in Giving Half-moon with Tip 9. Remove excess polish.
1. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side of the 10. Apply top coat
nail to form the half- moon, leaving the lunula of the nail.
3. Remove excess polish
4. Apply top coat.
G. Elephant Tusk
F. French Manicure Steps in making Elephant Tusk:
French design or Tip a) Apply base coat (platinum) twice.
design: Variation no. 1 b) Apply colored nail
Steps in giving French polish creating a half
manicure-Variation no. 1 circle design at the inner
side of the nail as you
 continue it to form S- c) Fill up the other side to complete the design.
like. d) Remove excess polish.
e) Seal with a top coat.

How Well Did You Perform? Assessment

WRITTEN WORK

Criteria for Judging Points Score

Directions: Each sentence below has a blank space; each blank indicates that
General Appearance
something has been omitted. Inside the box are words that fits the meaning of the
 color combinations of nail polish are
sentence as a whole. Write your answers on the space provided for.
evident
 nail designs were artistically 35 Uneven Hyperkeratosis Bluish
applied
Onychia Treating cuts
 proportion of the different nail
Eggshell nails Shedding Furrows
designs were observed
Detachment Hangnail
Workmanship
 nail polish coat were evenly applied 35
 neatness in work were observed 1. are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail.
Quality 2. is a term applicable to chronic inflammation of
 durability of the finished project were 20
observed the nail fold and nail bed.
Speed 3. Onychogryphosis pertains to extreme thickening curvature of
 finished and submitted on the 10
the nails, usually it is caused by varying degree of
required time
TOTAL _____________.
Rating Scale 4. Onychoptosis is the periodic of one or more nails,
95-100 = Outstanding either in the whole or in part.
85-94 = Very satisfactory
75-84 = Satisfactory 5. Ridges are caused by growth of the nails, usually
65-74 = Needs improvement resulting from illness.
 Congratulations! You did a great job!
6. are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across
the nail.
7. is a term applicable to chronic inflammation of
the nail fold and nail bed.
REFERENCES:
8. Onychogryphosis pertains to extreme thickening curvature
 http://youtube.com/watch?v=nAWoDIvRUNM
of the nails, usually it is caused by varying degree of
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_salon#:~:text=A%20nail%20salon%20or
_____________. %20nail,%2C%20pedicures%2C%20and%20nail
%20enhancements.&text=People%20who%20work%20at
9. Onychoptosis is the periodic of one or more %20nail,technicians%2C%20manicurists%2C%20or%20nailists.
nails, either in the whole or in part.  http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_nail_care_learning_modu
le.pdf
10. Ridges are caused by growth of the nails,  Learning and Living in the 21st Century 8 Revised Edition (Basbas,Ph.D,
et.al.)
usually resulting from illness.
11. Blue nail is in color, may be attributed to poor
blood circulation or heart disorder.
12. __are caused by an accident during manicure
service.
13. is a condition in which the cuticle splits around
the nail.
14. _____separates from the nail-bed and curves at the free edge.
15. Onycholysis refers to the of the nail from the nail bed, starting
at its distal and/or lateral attachment.