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  • 4 - Cell Structure

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    Terezka Hornáčková
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    The document describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular cells that lack a nucleus and internal structures. Eukaryotic cells are larger, with organelles like the nucleus that contains the cell's DNA, and other structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. The document then outlines the basic cell structures of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and different organelles and their functions.

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    Original Title

    4_CELL STRUCTURE

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    The document describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular cells that lack a nucleus and internal structures. Eukaryotic cells are larger, with organelles like the nucleus that contains the cell's DNA, and other structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. The document then outlines the basic cell structures of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and different organelles and their functions.

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    8 views29 pages

    4 - Cell Structure

    Uploaded by

    Terezka Hornáčková
    The document describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular cells that lack a nucleus and internal structures. Eukaryotic cells are larger, with organelles like the nucleus that contains the cell's DNA, and other structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. The document then outlines the basic cell structures of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and different organelles and their functions.

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    of 29

    CELL STRUCTURE

    Ano, preskakujem chemical composition of the cell. Page 21


    PROKARYOTIC CELLS
    PROKARYOTIC CELL
    • SIMPLE, UNICELLULAR
    • NO MEMBRANE BOUND NUCLEUS
    • CIRCULAR DNA, FREE IN CYTOSOL
    • FEW INTERNAL STRUCTURES
    • ANAEROBIC, AEROBIC
    • SINGLE ORIGIN OF REPLICATION
    • TRANSCRIPTION + TRANSLATION
    EUKARYOTIC CELLS
    EUKARYOTIC CELL
    • SINGLE CELLED OR MULTICELLULAR

    • LARGER IN SIZE

    • CELL WALL

    • ORGANELLES, CHLOROPLASTS

    • AEROBIC

    • CYTOSKELETON

    • LINEAR DNA

    • CHROMOSOMES, REPRODUCTION
    CELL SHAPES

    1. SQUAMOUS

    2. CUBOIDAL

    3. COLUMNAR

    4. POLYGONAL

    5. STELLATE

    6. SPHEROID

    7. DISCOID

    8. FUSIFORM

    9. FIBROUS
    BASIC STRUCTURE
    1. PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE
    2. CYTOPLASM
    3. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
    PLASMA MEMBRANE
    • SUPPORT AND
    PROTECTION

    • SEMI-PERMEABLE

    • LIPID BILAYER IN WHICH


    ARE PROTEINS
    CYTOPLASM
    • JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE
    • WATER + SOLUBLE IONS + DISSOLVED CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATS
    • CONDUCTION OF CELLULAR MOLECULES TO DIFFERENT SITES
    • ENDOPLASM, ECTOPLASM, NUCLEOPLASM
    • CYTOSOL OR CYTOGEL
    • HOLDS ORGANELLES IN PLACE
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BB5rvjZzgFU
    VACUOLE
    • STORES WATER + OTHER
    MATERIALS

    • MAINTAIN PH LEVEL

    • MAINTAIN TURGOR

    • PROTECT THE CELL FROM WASTE

    • AUTOPHAGY

    • DESTROY BACTERIA

    • DIGESTION
    NUCLEUS
    • COMMAND CENTRE

    • NUCLEAR MEMBRANE + NUCLEOPLASM +


    NUCLEOLUS + CHROMOSOMES

    • COMMUNICATION VIA PORES

    • GENETIC INFORMATION

    • STORAGE OF PROTEINS AND RNA

    • SITE OF TRANSCRIPTION
    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
    • MOVEMENT OF ORGANELLES
    • ROUGH AND SMOOTH
    • ROUGH- PROTEIN GENERATION,
    TRANSPORT AND QUALITY CHECK.
    PHOSPHOLIPIDS PRODUCTION
    • SMOOTH- SYNTHESIS OF CARBOHYDRATES
    AND LIPIDS
    GOLGI APPARATUS
    • COMPLEX, BODY

    • STACKS OF CISTERNAE

    • CARRY OUT PROCESSING OF PROTEINS

    GENERATED BY ER

    • TRANSPORT OF PROTEINS

    • BREAK DOWN OF PROTEINS

    • TRANSPORT OF LIPIDS

    • CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS
    MITOCHONDRIA

    • PRODUCTION
    OF ENERGY

    • APOPTOSIS

    • BREAK DOWN
    FOOD
    LYSOSOMES
    • CLEAN UP
    • CATALYSE HYDROLYSIS
    REACTIONS
    • COULD DIGEST THE CELL
    ITSELF (MEMBRANE)
    • CONTAIN ENZYMES
    (ACID HYDROLASES)
    CENTRIOLE
    • CELL DIVISION

    • THEY SEPARATE
    CHROMOSOME

    PAIRS DURING
    MITOSIS

    • IN ANIMAL CELLS
    PEROXISOME
    • DETOXIFY CELLS

    • SIMILAR TO
    LYSOSOMES BUT WITH
    DIFFERENT ENZYMES

    • PRODUCED BY THE ER

    • „LIVER“ OF THE CELL


    CYTOSKELETON
    • CELL SHAPE
    • MIGRATION (CONTRACTION)
    • SEPARATES CELLS DURING CELL
    DIVISION
    • CREATES CILIA AND FLAGELLAS
    • CONSTRUCTION OF THE CELL
    WALL
    RIBOSOMES
    • LARGE AND SMALL SUBUNIT
    • PROCESS PROTEINS
    • READ mRNA
    CHLOROPLAST
    • CONTAIN THYLAKOID MEMBRANES
    AND PIGMENT MOLECULES

    • PHOTOSYNTHESIS

    • CONTAIN PLASMIDS

    • MAKE THEIR OWN RIBOSOMES


    INTO PROTEINS

    • CAN TRANSFORM INTO


    CHROMOPLASTS
    AMYLOPLAST
    • IN SOME PLANT CELLS

    • STORAGE OF STARCH

    • CAN CONVERT STARCH BACK


    TO GLUCOSE
    PLASMODESMATA
    • MICROSCOPIC CANALS

    • COMMUNICATION

    • FORMED DURING CELL


    DIVISION
    PLASTID
    • PIGMENT STORAGE

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