UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS

RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL OINTMENT

FROM INDIAN MAST TREE (Polyalthia longifolia)
LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus
and Escherichia coli

Researchers:
Ilustre, Mary Ella Mae E. Lagos, Krizza Joy M.
Inosanto, Sarah Mae O. Lavalle, Jane Jobeth D.
Javier, Julie Anne R. Limpiado, Kathleen Gay E.
Jore, Kathleen Anne G. Traya, Jent Carl T.

Pharmacy 4A – Group 4
AUGUST 19, 2017
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

Back - Up
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
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Inodian Mast Tree

Reference:
Polyalthia longifolia Sonn: an Ancient
Remedy to Explore for Novel
Therapeutic Agents
Subramanion L Jothy1, Yee Siew
Choong1, Dharmaraj Saravanan2,
Subramanian Deivanai3, Lachimanan
Yoga Latha1, Soundararajan
Vijayarathna1, Sreenivasan
Sasidharan1*
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

Inodian Mast Tree

Leaves are long, narrow dark

green and glossy. Leaf blades are
ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate
with wavy margins.

Reference:
Polyalthia longifolia Sonn: an Ancient Remedy to
Explore for Novel Therapeutic Agents
Subramanion L Jothy1, Yee Siew Choong1, Dharmaraj
Saravanan2, Subramanian Deivanai3, Lachimanan Yoga
Latha1, Soundararajan Vijayarathna1, Sreenivasan
Sasidharan1*
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

Phytochem
Bioassay monitored isolation work on the
methanol extract of leaves and berries lead to
three new clerodane diterpene from this plant;
methyl-16-oxo-cleroda-3,13(14)E-dien-15-oate, Reference:
3β,16α-dihydroxy-cleroda-4(18), 13(14)Z-dien-
15,16-olide, and solidagonal acid [29]. Later, two Polyalthia longifolia Sonn:
other clerodane diterpenes were obtained from an Ancient Remedy to
leaves and these were 3α,16 α-dihydroxycleroda- Explore for Novel
4(18),13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide and 3β,16 α- Therapeutic Agents
dihydroxycleroda-4(18),13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide Subramanion L Jothy1, Yee
[30]. Siew Choong1, Dharmaraj
Saravanan2, Subramanian
The dimeric clerodane diterpene has also been Deivanai3, Lachimanan Yoga
isolated and two examples of this bisclerodane Latha1, Soundararajan
compound are Longimide A and Longimide B Vijayarathna1, Sreenivasan
(Figure 4). These compounds were isolated Sasidharan1*
together with a cycloartane triterpene. The
triterpene was named longitriol [31].
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

S aureus + E. coli

47 hospitals in 14 countries Reference:

An international survey of
the prevalence of hospital
E. Coli and S. aureus each acquired infection
caused 1/6th of infections with R.T Mayon – White E.
Tikomirov
microbiological results.
Feb 1988
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

Washing Rationale

Plant Collection: Fresh samples of leaves, stem bark and fruit of P. longifolia
were collected. All the collected plant parts were washed thrice with tap
water and twice with distilled water to remove the adhering salts and other
associated animals.

Reference:
Sunita et al., World J Pharm Sci 2016; 4(6): 495-501
Antimalarial activity of Polyalthia longifolia (False Ashoka) against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain
Plant collection
Healthy disease free, mature fresh plant leaf sample were collected.
Fresh leaves were washed thoroughly 2-3 times with running tap water and
once with sterile water, shade-dried without any contamination.
Reference: PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA
M. THENMOZHI * AND RAJESHWARI SIVARAJ
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

Synthesis (herbal vs antibiotics)

The plant has been used in traditional system of medicine for
the treatment of fever, skin diseases, diabetics, hypertension
and helmiinthiasis.

The relatively lower incidence of adverse reactions to plant

preparation compared to modern conventional pharmaceuticals,
coupled with their reduced cost is encouraging both the
consuming public and national health care institutions to
consider plant medicines as alternatives to synthesis drugs,
Reference:
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF POLYALTHIA
LONGIFOLIA
M. THENMOZHI * AND RAJESHWARI SIVARAJ
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

Synthesis (herbal vs antibiotics)

Herbal medicines are in great demand in both developed
and developing countries as a source of primary healthcare
owing to their attributes having wide biological and
medicinal activities, high safety margins and lesser costs.
Herbal molecules are safe and will overcome the resistance
produced by the pathogens as they exist in a combined
form or in a pooled form of more than one molecule in the
protoplasm of the plant cell.
Reference:
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF
POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA
M. THENMOZHI * AND RAJESHWARI SIVARAJ
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

SOLVENT EXTRACTION

Solvent Extraction
Solvent extracts
The leaves powder (10g) was extracted with solvents of
different polarities (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether
and acetone) by cold maceration for 24h.The extracts were filtered
through Whatman No.1 filter paper. The extracts were concentrated
to dryness using rotary flask evaporator under reduced pressure.

Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Of Polyalthia

Longifolia Crude Extracts
* D. Uzama, M.B. David, R. Ahmadu and S.A. Thomas
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

ETHANOL RATIONALE
Reference:
PHYTOCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS AND
ANTIMICROBIAL
ACTIVITY OF
POLYALTHIA
LONGIFOLIA

M. THENMOZHI * AND
RAJESHWARI SIVARAJ
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

SOLVENT EXTRACTION (xtra)

Sample preparation
The leaves were air-dried and powdered. The extract of sample was
prepared by soaking 10g of dried powdered sample in 100ml of
Ethanol for 12 h in an orbital shaker. The extracts were filtered
using Whatman filter No.1. The ethanol was then removed under
reduced pressure at 400C to obtain the dry extract.

ISOLATION, STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA

(SONN.) THAWAITES AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND
ANTICANCER POTENTIAL
SAMPATH M1*AND VASANTHI M1**
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Antibacterial Screening

Antibacterial screening
An invitro antimicrobial screening was carried out using
Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) (Oxoid, England) by Agar well
diffusion method according to Perez et al (1990). The plates were
allowed to stand for one hour for pre-diffusion of the extract into
the medium (Esimone et al., 1998).
Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Of Polyalthia Longifolia Crude
Extracts
* D. Uzama, M.B. David, R. Ahmadu and S.A. Thomas
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

Antibacterial Activity

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA

M. THENMOZHI * AND RAJESHWARI SIVARAJ
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

MIC
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
The minimum inhibitory concentration is the least extract
concentration which inhibited the growth of the test organisms.
The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by
incorporating various concentrations of solutions of extract in
Muller Hinton agar(200 to 0.4mg).A loop full of standard test
bacterial broth culture was used to streak plates. The plates of
bacteria were incubated at 37oC for 24h. A positive control
containing only the growth medium and extract was also set up.
The MIC was regarded as the lowest concentration of the extract
that did not permit any visible growth of the organism.

Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Of Polyalthia Longifolia Crude Extracts

* D. Uzama, M.B. David, R. Ahmadu and S.A. Thomas
 UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEFENSE

MIC RESULT

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the leaves extracts of

polyalthia longifolia ranged between 0.01 and 0.5 mg/ml.

Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Of Polyalthia Longifolia Crude

Extracts
* D. Uzama, M.B. David, R. Ahmadu and S.A. Thomas