1.1 Application: 1.2.1 Protection Function

1 Introduction
1.1 Application
PCS-985G can be applied for large-scale turbo-dynamo, gas-turbine generator and nuclear power
generator with different connection modes.
PCS-985G provides complete electric quantity protection of a generator and an exciter or

excitation transformer. It also supports ECT/EVT and meets the requirements of power plant
automation.
For a large-scale generator, two sets of PCS-985G can be used and then main protection,
abnormal operation condition protection and backup protection can be duplicated. Control circuit
and mechanical protection are installed on a separate panel. Two sets of PCS-985G use different
CT groups and main and backup protection in one PCS-985G share one CT group. The outputs
correspond to various trip coils.
1.2 Function
PCS-985G takes fully into account maximum configuration of large-scale generator, and suits the
generator with capacity of 100MW or above.
1.2.1 Protection Function
PCS-985G can select to configure the following protection functions, and “＊” means that it is an
abnormality alarm function.
Table 1.2-1 Function configuration of generator
No. Function Stage Delay ANSI

1 Differential protection －－ 87G
2 DPFC differential protection －－ 87G
3 Transverse differential protection 2 － 87G
4 Longitudinal residual overvoltage protection for inter-turn fault 1 1 59N/60
5 DPFC directional protection for inter-turn fault 1 1 67
Calculated longitudinal residual overvoltage protection for inter-turn
6 1 1
fault
7 Voltage controlled overcurrent protection 2 1 50
8 Phase-to-phase impedance protection 2 1 21G
9 Fundamental residual voltage protection for stator earth fault 2 1 64S
10 Third harmonic overvoltage ratio protection for stator earth fault 1 1 64S
11 Third harmonic overvoltage differential protection for stator earth fault 1 1 64S
12 stator earth-fault protection with voltage injection 2 1 64R
13 Rotor one-point earth-fault protection 2 1 64R1
14 Rotor two-point earth-fault protection 1 1 64R2
15 Definite-time stator overload protection 2 1 50S
16 Inverse-time stator overload protection －－ 51S
17 Definite-time negative-sequence overload protection 2 1 50Q
18 Inverse-time negative-sequence overload protection －－ 51Q
PCS-985G Generator Relay 1-1

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1 Introduction
19 Loss-of-excitation protection 3 1 40
20 Out-of-step protection 2 1 78
21 Overvoltage protection 2 1 59
22 Undervoltage protection 1 1
23 Definite-time over-excitation protection 2 1 24
24 Inverse-time over-excitation protection －－ 24
25 Reverse-power protection 2 1 32R
26 Low-power protection 1 1 37G
27 Sequential tripping reverse-power protection 1 1 32R
28 Underfrequency protection 3 1 81U
29 Overfrequency protection 2 1 81O
30 Startup/shutdown protection of differential current 1 1
31 Startup/shutdown protection of residual voltage 1 1
32 Low-frequency overcurrent protection 1 1 50
33 Inadvertent energization protection 1 1 50/27
34 Breaker failure protection 1 2 50BF
35 ＊Voltage balance function －－ 60
36 ＊VT circuit supervision －－ VTS
37 ＊CT circuit supervision －－ CTS
Note!
Rotor earth-fault protection can select voltage switchover principle or external voltage
injection principle.
Table 1.2-2 Function configuration of excitation transformer/exciter

1 Differential protection －－ 87ET
2 Overcurrent protection 2 1 50
3 Definite-time overload protection 1 1 50
4 Inverse-time overload protection －－ 51
Table 1.2-3 Mechanical function configuration

1 Mechanical protection 1 1 1
1-2 PCS-985G Generator Relay

Date: 2015-03-02
1 Introduction
Note!
The name of mechanical protection 1~8 can be modified.
1.2.2 Configuration Explanation
1.2.2.1 Differential Protection
1. For generator with the capacity of 300MW or above, panel A and B are both equipped with
generator differential protection.
2. For generator differential protection, there are two kinds of percentage differential protection:
variable slope percentage differential protection and DPFC percentage differential protection.
1.2.2.2 Backup Protection
1. Panel A and B are equipped with complete set of backup protection of generator and
excitation transformer/exciter. Different CTs are used for them.
2. As to rotor earth-fault protection, two sets of such protection cannot work simultaneously
otherwise influence between them will appear. Only one set of rotor earth-fault protection can
be enabled during operation. If other set will be put into operation sometimes, this set shall be
quitted firstly.
1.2.2.3 Current Transformer
1. Panels A and B adopt different CT.
2. Main protection and backup protection share one group of CT.
3. Generator reverse power protection can share one group of generator terminal CT with
generator differential protection, or adopt independent measurement CT.
1.2.2.4 Voltage Transformer
1. Panel A and B shall adopt different VT or its different windings if possible.
2. For generator inter-turn protection, in order to prevent undesired operation due to VT circuit
failure at HV side used dedicatedly for this protection, one set of protection shall adopt two
groups of VT. However, if it is considered to adopt only independent VT windings, too much
VT will be installed at generator terminal and it is not reasonable. So it is recommended to
equip three windings of VT there, namely VT1, VT2 and VT3. Panel A adopts voltage from
VT1 and VT3 while panel B VT2 and VT3. During normal operation, panel A adopts VT1 and
panel B adopts VT2 while VT3 is backup to both of them. If circuit of VT1 or VT2 fails, VT3 will
be switched on automatically by software.
3. For residual voltage, there are two windings adopted by two sets of protection equipments
simultaneously in general.
1.3 Features
 High-performance general-purpose hardware and real-time calculations

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1 Introduction
Hardware structure of 32-bit microprocessors＋dual DSP is adopted. A number of processors

operate in parallel. 32-bit microprocessors provide functions of HMI, communication, and printing,
etc. The two DSPs provide protection operations and output logic. High performance har dware
ensures real-time calculation for all relays in each sampling interval of this relay. This relay adopts
32-bit high performance CPUs and DSPs, internal high-speed bus, and intelligent I/O. Both
hardware and software adopt modular design, which can be flexibly configured. Features include
versatility, easy expansion, and easy maintenance.
 Independent fault detector elements
The output mode of fault detector “AND” protection operation eliminates the possibility of
malfunction and misjudgment caused by hardware fault of the device.
 Strong EM compatibility
Integral panel and fully enclosed chassis are adopted. Strong electricity and weak electricity are
strictly separated. Traditional rear board wiring mode is not used. At the same time, measures
against interference are taken in software design, greatly improving the immunity to disturbances.
EM radiation to outside satisfies relevant standards.
 Modular programs
Modular programs allow flexible protection configuration and easy functional adjustment.
 Variable slope percentage differential protection
Variable slope percentage characteristic is adopted for differential protection. Pickup slope and
maximum slope should be reasonably set, so that high sensitivity can be gained during internal
fault and transient unbalance current can be avoided during external fault. In order to prevent
undesired operation of differential protection due to CT saturation, mea sures to discriminate CT
saturation are provided for phase current at each side.
 DPFC percentage differential protection
DPFC percentage differential protection reflects only deviation components of differential current
and restraint current and is not effected by load current. It can detect light fault within generator.
Besides, it is insensitive to CT saturation since its restraint coefficient is set comparatively high.
 Detect CT Saturation by asynchronous method
According to relation between DPFC restraint current and DPFC differential current of differential
protection, external or internal fault can be discriminated correctly. For external fault, waveform
discrimination of phase current and differential current is adopted. Undesired operation will not
occur if CT correct transfer time from primary to secondary side is not less than 5ms. As to internal
fault, the device will operate quickly.
 High-sensitive transverse differential protection
By adopting frequency tracking, digital filter and Fourier transformation, the filtration ratio of third
harmonic component can reach more than 100. These entire countermeasure guarantees the
reliability of the protection in all occasions as mentioned as below:

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1 Introduction
The transverse differential protection can get reliable restraint effect because the faulty phase
current increases greatly while transverse differential current increases less in external fault
situation.
The protection has very high operation sensitivity because transverse differential current
increases comparatively large whereas phase current change not too observably in slightly
inter-turn fault situation.
The high-setting stage of transverse differential protection will operate quickly and reliably when
severe inter-turn fault occurs in stator winding.
In case of phase-to-phase fault of stator winding, not only transverse differential current but also
phase current increase greatly, therefore just low percentage restraint by phase current
guarantees the reliable operation of transverse differential protection against the fault.
As for unbalanced transverse differential current increasing during normal operation c ondition,
transverse differential protection uses float threshold to avoid undesired operation.
 Percentage restraint inter-turn protection
harmonic component can reach more than 100. Calculated longitudinal residual overvoltage
protection is adopted in PCS-985G, which is the new criteria of generator inter-turn protection and
does not need the special VT for the protection.
 Stator earth-fault protection
harmonic component can reach more than 100.
The sensitive stage of fundamental residual voltage protection operates and issues trip command
only if the dual criterias of residual voltages of generator terminal and neutral point are met at the
same time.
The ratio settings of third harmonic of generator terminal to that of neutral point used in third
harmonic ratio criteria will automatically suit to the change of ratio fore-and-aft incorporating in
power network third harmonic voltage of the plant unit. This automation adjustment function
ensures the correctness of signals generated and issued by the third harmonic voltage criteria
even during incorporation or isolation course of generator.
The ratio and phase-angle difference of third harmonic voltage of generator terminal to that of
neutral point keeps almost stable when the generator is in normal operation condition; also it is a
slow developing course. Through real time adjustment of coefficient of amplitude value and phase,
PCS-985 makes differential voltage between generator terminal and neutral point as zero in
normal operation condition. When stator earth fault occurs, the criteria tend to operate reliably and
sensitively.
 Stator earth-fault protection with external voltage injection principle
The protection adopts digital technology to calculate earth fault resistance accurately.

Date: 2015-03-02
1 Introduction
Settings configured two stage are provided. One stage operates to ala rm, and the other stage
operates to trip.
The residual current protection is free from impact of 20Hz power, which provides mainly
protection for comparatively severe stator earth fault.
The protection is adaptive for various operation conditions, such as stillness, no-load, shutdown,
startup and connected to power grid.
 Sampling-switch type rotor earth-fault protection
DC current is input by high-performance isolated amplifier. Via switching two different electronic
switches, PCS-985 solves four different ground-loop equations to compute rotor winding voltage,
rotor ground resistance and earthing position on real time and display these information on LCD.
 Rotor earth-fault with external voltage injection principle
Injecting a low-frequency square wave between positive terminal and negative terminal of rotor
windings or between one terminal of rotor windings and axis, the device acquires leakage current
of rotor, and calculates insulation resistance between rotor windings and ground in real -time. The
injected square wave voltage is generated by the device. The protection reflects the insulation
reduction between rotor windings and axis.
The calculation to rotor earth resistance is unrelated to fault location, and no dead zone.
The calculation accuracy of rotor earth resistance is high and is not affected by the capacitance
between rotor windings and ground.
The calculation to rotor earth resistance is unrelated to excitation voltage. It can still supervise
insulation situation of rotor windings when no excitation voltage is supplied.
It can be adaptive to various lead-out modes of rotor windings, and both single-end injection and
double-ends injection can be selected. The fault location can be measured if selecting
double-ends injection.
 Loss-of-excitation prote ction
Loss-of-excitation protection adopts optimizing protection scheme in which stator impedance

criteria, reactive power criteria, rotor voltage criteria and busbar voltage criteria, could be
optionally combined to meet various demands of different generator units.
 Out-of-step protection
Out-of-step protection adopts three-impedance element (gains from positive-sequence current

and positive sequence voltage of generator) to distinguish out-of-step from steady oscillation.
More than that, the protection can accurately locate the position of oscillation center and record
oscillation slid numbers of external and internal oscillation respectively in real-time.
 VT circuit failure supervision
Two groups of VT inputs are equipped at generator terminal. If one group fails, the device will
issue alarm and switch over to the healthy one automatically. It doesn’t need to block protecti on

Date: 2015-03-02
1 Introduction
element relevant to voltage. Based on percentage restraint characteristic, it can discriminate that
neutral point of VT circuit fails.
 CT circuit failure supervision
Reliable blocking function when CT circuit failure can prevent the device from undesired operation
due to CT circuit failure or AC sampled circuit failure.
 Powerful communication function
Flexible communication mode is provided. 2 independent Ethernet interfaces and 2 independent

RS-485 communication interfaces are provided. Power industry communication standard
IEC60870-5-103, Modbus protocol and new generation substation communication standard
IEC61850 are supported.
 Complete event recording function
64 faults and operation sequence, 64 fault waveforms, results of 256 self-supervision reports, and
1024 binary signal change reports can be recorded.
 Auxiliary PC software
PC software allows easy application of this device.
1.4 Order Information

 CT secondary rated value: 1A or 5A
 DC power supply for device: 110/125V, 220/250V
 DC power supply for binary input: 110/125V, 220V

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1 Introduction

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2 Technical Data
2 Technical Data
Table of Contents
2 Technical Data ..................................................................................... 2-a
2.1 Electrical Specifications ........................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 AC Current Input ..............................................................................................................2-1
2.1.2 AC Voltage Input ..............................................................................................................2-1
2.1.3 Power Supply...................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.4 Binary Input......................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.5 Binary Output ...................................................................................................................2-2
2.2 Mechanical Specifications........................................................................................ 2-2

2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range......................................................... 2-2
2.4 Communication Port .................................................................................................. 2-3
2.4.1 EIA-485 Port ....................................................................................................................2-3
2.4.2 Ethernet Port....................................................................................................................2-3
2.4.3 Optical Fibre Port .............................................................................................................2-3
2.4.4 Print Port..........................................................................................................................2-4
2.4.5 Clock Synchronization Port ..............................................................................................2-4
2.5 Type Tests ..................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.5.1 Environmental Tests .........................................................................................................2-4
2.5.2 Mechanical Tests..............................................................................................................2-4
2.5.3 Electrical Tests .................................................................................................................2-5
2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility ..........................................................................................2-5
2.6 Certifications ................................................................................................................ 2-6

2.7 Protective Functions .................................................................................................. 2-6
2.7.1 Generator/ Excitor Differential Protection..........................................................................2-6
2.7.2 Excitation Transformer Differential Protection ...................................................................2-7
2.7.3 Generator Transverse Differential Protection ....................................................................2-7
PCS-985G Generator Relay 2-a

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2 Technical Data
2.7.4 Generator Longitudinal Residual Overvoltage Protection..................................................2-7
2.7.5 Generator Stator Earth-fault Protection.............................................................................2-7
2.7.6 Stator Earth-fault Protection with External Inject Principle.................................................2-8
2.7.7 Generator Rotor Earth-fault Protection .............................................................................2-8
2.7.8 Generator Stator Overload Protection...............................................................................2-8
2.7.9 Generator Negative-sequence Overload Protection..........................................................2-8
2.7.10 Excitation Windings Overload Protection ........................................................................2-9
2.7.11 Generator Loss-of-excitation Protection ..........................................................................2-9
2.7.12 Generator Out-of-step Protection ...................................................................................2-9
2.7.13 Generator Voltage Abnormality Protection ......................................................................2-9
2.7.14 Generator Over-excitation Protection ...........................................................................2-10
2.7.15 Generator Power Protection .........................................................................................2-10
2.7.16 Generator Frequency Protection ..................................................................................2-10
2.7.17 Generator Inadvertent Energization Protection .............................................................2-10
2.7.18 Generator Startup/shutdown Protection ........................................................................ 2-11
2.7.19 Low-impedance Protection ........................................................................................... 2-11
2.7.20 Voltage Controlled Overcurrent Protection.................................................................... 2-11
2.7.21 Mechanical Protection .................................................................................................. 2-11
2.7.22 Breaker Failure Protection at Generator Terminal ......................................................... 2-11
2.8 Metering Scope and Accuracy ..............................................................................2-12

2.9 Management Functions ...........................................................................................2-12
2.9.1 Clock Performance.........................................................................................................2-12
2.9.2 Fault and Disturbance Recording ...................................................................................2-12
2.9.3 Binary Input Signal.........................................................................................................2-12
2-b PCS-985G Generator Relay

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2 Technical Data
2.1 Electrical Specifications

2.1.1 AC Current Input
Standard IEC 60255-27:2005

Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency (fn) 50±5Hz, 60±5Hz
Rated Current (In) 1A 5A
Linear to 0.05In~40In
Thermal withstand
-continuously 4In
-for 10s 30In
-for 1s 100In
-for half a cycle 250In
Burden < 0.15VA/phase @In < 0.25VA/phase @In
Accuracy ±0.5%In
2.1.2 AC Voltage Input
Standard IEC 60255-6, IEC60288

Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency (fn) 50±5Hz, 60±5Hz
Rated Voltage (Un) 50~120V 100~220V（broken-delta voltage）
Linear to 1~170V 2V~233V
Thermal withstand
-continuously 200V 220V
-10s 260V 380V
-1s 300V 420V
Burden at rated < 0.20VA/phase @Un < 0.80VA/phase @Un
Accuracy ±0.5%Un
2.1.3 Power Supply

Rated Voltage 110Vdc/125Vdc, 220Vdc/250Vdc
Operating Range 80%~120% of rated voltage
Permissible AC ripple voltage ≤15% of the nominal auxiliary voltage
Burden
Quiescent condition <25W
Operating condition <30W
2.1.4 Binary Input
Rated Voltage 24V 48V 110V 125V 220V 250V

Rated current drain 1.2mA 2.4mA 1.1mA 1.25mA 2.2mA 2.5mA
Pickup voltage 55%~70% of rated voltage

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2 Technical Data
Dropoff voltage <55% of rated voltage

Ma ximum permissible voltage 120% of rated voltage
Withstand voltage
2000Vac, 2800Vdc
-continuously
Response time for logic input <1ms
2.1.5 Binary Output
Contact Type Trip output Signal output

Output mode Potential free contact
5A@380Vac 8A@380Vac
Continuous carry
5A@250Vdc 8A@250Vdc
Pickup time <8ms (typical 3ms) <10ms
Dropoff time <5ms <8ms
0.65A@48Vdc 1.20A@48Vdc
Breaking capacity (L/R=40ms) 0.30A@110Vdc 0.50A@110Vdc
0.15A@220Vdc 0.25A@220Vdc
Electrical life 10000 times 10000 times
Ma ximal system voltage 380Vac, 250Vdc
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1min 1200V RMS for 1min
6A@3s 10A@3s
Short duration current 15A@0.5s 20A@0.5s
30A@0.2s 30A@0.2s
2.2 Mechanical Specifications

Mounting Way Flush mounted
Housing color Silver grey
Weight per device Approx. 40kg
Housing material Aluminum
Location of terminal Rear panel of the device
Device structure Plug-in modular type @ rear side, integrated front plate
Protection class
Front side IP40
Other sides IP50 (chassis without cooling holes ), IP30 (chassis with cooling holes)
Rear side, connection terminals IP30
2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range

Operating temperature -20°C to +55°C
Transport and storage temperature
-40°C to +70°C
range
Permissible humidity 5%-95%, without condensation

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2 Technical Data
Pollution degree 2
Altitude <3000m
2.4 Communication Port

2.4.1 EIA-485 Port
Baud rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s

Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997
Ma ximal capacity 32
Transmission distance <500m
Safety le vel Isolation to ELV level
Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable
2.4.2 Ethernet Port
Connector type RJ-45

Transmission rate 100Mbits/s
Transmission standard 100Base-TX
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997 or IEC 61850
2.4.3 Optical Fibre Port
2.4.3.1 For Station Level
Characteristic Glass optical fiber

Connector type ST, SC
Fibre type Multi mode
Transmission distance <2km
Wave length 1310nm
Transmission power Min. -20.0dBm
Minimum receiving power Min. -30.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB
2.4.3.2 For Process Level

Connector type LC
Transmission distance <2km
Wave length 1310nm
Margin Min +3.0dB

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2 Technical Data
2.4.3.3 For Pilot Channel

Connector type FC
Fibre type Single mode
Transmission distance <40km (1310nm), <100km (1550nm)
Wave length 1310nm, 1550nm
Margin Min +3.0dB
2.4.3.4 For Synchronization Port

Connector type ST
Wave length 820nm
Margin Min +3.0dB
2.4.4 Print Port
Type RS-232
Baud Rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s
Printer type EPSON ® 300K printer
2.4.5 Clock Synchronization Port
Type RS-485
Ma ximal capacity 32
Timing standard PPS, IRIG-B
2.5 Type Tests

2.5.1 Environmental Tests
Dry cold test IEC60068-2-1:2007

Dry heat test IEC60068-2-2:2007
Damp heat test, cyclic IEC60068-2-30:2005
2.5.2 Mechanical Tests
Vibration IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class I

Shock and bump IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class I

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2 Technical Data
2.5.3 Electrical Tests

Dielectric tests Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min
Impulse voltage tests Test voltage 5kV
Overvoltage category Ⅲ
Insulation resistance
Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC
measurements
2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility
IEC 60255-22-1:2007
1MHz burst disturbance test Common mode: class III 2.5kV
Differential mode: class III 1.0kV
IEC60255-22-2:2008 class IV
Electrostatic discharge test For contact discharge: 8kV
For air discharge: 15kV
IEC 60255-22-3:2007 class III
Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80~1000MHz
Radio frequency interference tests Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MH z/450MH z/900 MHz
Radiated pulse-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=900MHz
IEC 60255-22-4:2008
Fast transient disturbance tests Power supply, I/O, Earth: class IV, 4kV, 2.5kHz, 5/50ns
Communication terminals: class IV, 2kV, 5kH z, 5/50ns
IEC 60255-22-5:2008
Power supply, AC input, I/O port: class IV, 1.2/50us
Surge immunity test
Common mode: 4kV
Differential mode: 2kV
IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Conducted RF Electromagnetic
Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class III, 10Vrms, 150
Disturbance
kHz~80MH z
Power Frequency Magnetic Field IEC 61000-4-8:2001
Immunity class V, 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
IEC 61000-4-9:2001
Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity
class V, 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
Damped oscillatory magnetic field IEC 61000-4-10:2001
immunity class V, 100kHz & 1MH z–100A/m

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2 Technical Data
Au xiliary power supply performance IEC60255-11: 2008

- Voltage dips Up to 500ms for dips to 40% of rated voltage without reset
-Voltage short interruptions 100ms for interruption without rebooting
2.6 Certifications
 ISO9001:2008
 ISO14001:2004
 OHSAS18001:2007
 ISO10012:2003
 CMMI L5
 EMC: 2004/108/EC, EN50263:1999
 Products safety(PS): 2006/95/EC, EN61010-1:2001
2.7 Protective Functions
Note!
Ie is secondary rated current of generator
In is secondary rated current of CT
Un is secondary rated voltage of VT
Pn is rated active power of generator
2.7.1 Generator/ Exciter Differential Protection
Pickup setting range of percentage differential

0.1Ie~1.5Ie
element
Setting accuracy ≤5% or 0.01In whichever is greater
Setting range of unrestrained instantaneous
2Ie~14Ie
differential element
Setting accuracy ≤2.5%
Setting range of first slope of percentage differential
0~0.50
element
Setting range of maximum slope of percentage
0.30~0.80
Operation time of percentage differential protection ≤25ms (2 times pickup current settings)
Operation time of unrestrained instantaneous
≤20ms (1.5 times pickup current settings)
differential protection

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2 Technical Data
2.7.2 Excitation Transformer Differential Protection
Pickup setting range of percentage differential

0.1Ie~1.5Ie
element
Setting accuracy ≤5% or 0.01In whichever is greater
Setting range of unrestrained instantaneous
2Ie~14Ie
Setting accuracy ≤2.5%
Setting range of first slope of percentage differential
0~0.50
element
Setting range of maximum slope of percentage
0.50~0.80
Secondary harmonic restraint coefficient 0.10~0.35
Operation time of percentage differential protection ≤35ms(2 times pickup current settings)
Operation time of unrestrained instantaneous
≤25ms(1.5 times pickup current settings)
differential protection
2.7.3 Generator Transverse Differential Protection
Setting range of transverse differential element 0.1ln~10ln

High setting range of transverse differential element 0.1ln~10ln
Setting accuracy ≤2.5% or 0.01In whichever is greater
Time delay of transverse differential element
0.1~10s
(one-point earth)
Operating time ≤35ms (1.5 times pickup current settings)
2.7.4 Generator Longitudinal Residual Overvoltage Protection
Setting range of longitudinal residual voltage element 1~10V

Setting accuracy ≤2.5% or 0.05V whichever is greater
Setting accuracy of calculated longitudinal residual
≤2.5% or 0.05V whichever is greater
voltage element
Time delay of longitudinal residual voltage element 0.1~10s
Setting accuracy ≤1%Setting + 40ms
2.7.5 Generator Stator Earth-fault Protection
Setting range of residual voltage blocking element 1~100V

Setting range of residual voltage element 0.1~50V
High setting range of residual voltage element 0.1~50V
Setting range of third harmonic voltage ratio element 0.5~10
Setting range of third harmonic voltage differential
0.05~2.0
element
Setting accuracy ≤5%
Time delay 0.1~10s

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2 Technical Data
2.7.6 Stator Earth-fault Protection with External Inject Principle
Resistance setting range 0.1~30kΩ

Setting accuracy ≤5%
Residual current setting range 0.02~1.50A
Setting accuracy ≤5% or 0.001A whichever is greater
Time delay 0.1~10s
2.7.7 Generator Rotor Earth-fault Protection
Resistance setting range of one-point earth 0.1~100kΩ

Setting accuracy ≤10% or 0.5kΩ whichever is greater
negative-sequence voltage setting range of 2nd
0.1~10V
harmonic
Setting range of switchover cycle 0.5~10s
Time delay 0.1~10s
Setting accuracy ≤1%Setting + 1s
2.7.8 Generator Stator Overload Protection
Definite-time current setting range 0.1In~10In

Inverse-time pickup current setting range 0.1In~20In
Time delay 0.1 ~10s
Setting accuracy ≤1%Seting + 40ms
Setting range of thermal capacity of stator windings 1~100
Setting range of heat emission factor 1.02~2.0
2.7.9 Generator Negative-sequence Overload Protection
Definite-time negative-sequence current setting range 0.1In~4In

Time delay 0.1~10s
Inverse-time negative-sequence pickup current
0.05In~1In
setting range
Setting range of rotor heat constant 1~100
Setting range of continuous tolerable
0.05ln~1ln
negative-sequence current

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2 Technical Data
2.7.10 Excitation Windings Overload Protection
Definite-time current setting range 0.1ln~20ln

Inverse-time pickup current setting range 0.05ln~10ln
Time delay 0.1~25s
Setting range of thermal capacity factor 1~100
Setting range of reference current 0.1ln~10ln
2.7.11 Generator Loss-of-excitation Protection
Impedance setting range (Z1) 0.1 ~ 200Ω

Impedance setting range (Z2) 0.1 ~ 200Ω
Setting accuracy ≤2.5% or 0.1Ω whichever is greater
Reverse reactive power setting range 0 ~ 50.00%Pn
Setting accuracy ≤1% or 0.002Pn whichever is greater
Low-voltage setting range of rotor 1 ~ 500V
No-load voltage setting range of rotor 1 ~ 500V
Low-voltage setting range of bus or generator terminal 0.1 ~ 100V
Setting range of rotor low-voltage factor 0 ~ 10
Time delay of stage 1 and stage 2 0.1 ~ 10s
Time delay of stage 3 0.1 ~ 3000s
2.7.12 Generator Out-of-step Protection
Impedance setting A range 0 ~ 100Ω

Impedance setting B range 0 ~ 100Ω
Impedance setting C range 0 ~ 100Ω
Setting accuracy ≤2.5% or 0.1Ωwhichever is greater
Setting range of sensitive angle 0 ~ 90°
Setting range of len′s inner angle lens 0 ~ 150°
Setting accuracy ≤3°
Setting range of pole slipping number 1 ~ 1000
Setting range of permitted tripping current 0.1ln ~ 20ln
2.7.13 Generator Voltage Abnormality Protection
Vero-voltage setting range 0.1 ~ 200V

Under-voltage setting range 0.1 ~ 100V
Time delay 0 ~ 10s

Date: 2015-03-02
2 Technical Data
2.7.14 Generator Over-excitation Protection
Definite time V/F setting range 1.0 ~ 2.0 pu

Setting accuracy ≤2.5% or 0.01 whichever is greater
Definite time delay for tripping 0.1 ~ 3000.0s
Definite time delay for alarm 0.1 ~ 25s
Inverse time V/F setting range 1.0 ~ 2.0 pu
Inverse time delay for tripping 0.1 ~ 3000.0s
2.7.15 Generator Power Protection
Setting range of reverse power element 0.5 ~ 50%Pn

Setting range of reverse power sequential tripping
0.5 ~ 10%Pn
element
Setting range of under-power element 0.5 ~ 10%Pn
Setting accuracy ≤10% or 0.002Pn whichever is greater
Time delay of re verse power element 0.1 ~ 3000s
Time delay of reverse power sequential tripping
0.01~10s
element
Time delay of under-power element 0.01~10s
2.7.16 Generator Frequency Protection
Setting range of underfrequency protection (stage

0.90~1.02fn
1~3)
Setting range of overfrequency protection (stage 1-2) 1.00~1.20fn
Setting accuracy ≤0.02Hz
Time delay of underfrequency protection (stage 1~2) 0.1 ~ 300min
Time delay of underfrequency protection (stage 3) 0.1 ~ 100s
Time delay of o verfrequency protection (stage 1) 0.1 ~ 100min
Time delay of o verfrequency protection (stage 2) 0.1 ~ 100s
2.7.17 Generator Inadvertent Energization Protection
Current setting range of inadvertent energization

0.1ln ~ 10ln
protection
Undervoltage setting range of inadvertent
6~80V
energization protection
Blocking frequency setting range 0.80~1.00fn
Time delay of inadvertent energization protection 0.01 ~ 1.0s

Date: 2015-03-02

1.1 Application: 1.2.1 Protection Function

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1.1 Application: 1.2.1 Protection Function

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1 Introduction

PCS-985G provides complete electric quantity protection of a generator and an exciter or

1.2.1 Protection Function

Table 1.2-1 Function configuration of generator

No. Function Stage Delay ANSI

PCS-985G Generator Relay 1-1

Table 1.2-2 Function configuration of excitation transformer/exciter

No. Function Stage Delay ANSI

Table 1.2-3 Mechanical function configuration

No. Function Stage Delay ANSI

1-2 PCS-985G Generator Relay

The name of mechanical protection 1~8 can be modified.

1.2.2 Configuration Explanation

1.2.2.1 Differential Protection

1.2.2.2 Backup Protection

1.2.2.3 Current Transformer

1. Panels A and B adopt different CT.

2. Main protection and backup protection share one group of CT.

1.2.2.4 Voltage Transformer

1. Panel A and B shall adopt different VT or its different windings if possible.

PCS-985G Generator Relay 1-3

Hardware structure of 32-bit microprocessors＋dual DSP is adopted. A number of processors

 Independent fault detector elements

 Variable slope percentage differential protection

 DPFC percentage differential protection

 Detect CT Saturation by asynchronous method

 High-sensitive transverse differential protection

1-4 PCS-985G Generator Relay

 Percentage restraint inter-turn protection

 Stator earth-fault protection

 Stator earth-fault protection with external voltage injection principle

PCS-985G Generator Relay 1-5

 Sampling-switch type rotor earth-fault protection

 Rotor earth-fault with external voltage injection principle

 Loss-of-excitation prote ction

Loss-of-excitation protection adopts optimizing protection scheme in which stator impedance

Out-of-step protection adopts three-impedance element (gains from positive-sequence current

 VT circuit failure supervision

1-6 PCS-985G Generator Relay

 CT circuit failure supervision

 Powerful communication function

Flexible communication mode is provided. 2 independent Ethernet interfaces and 2 independent

 Complete event recording function

PC software allows easy application of this device.

1.4 Order Information

 DC power supply for device: 110/125V, 220/250V

 DC power supply for binary input: 110/125V, 220V

PCS-985G Generator Relay 1-7

1-8 PCS-985G Generator Relay

2.1.2 AC Voltage Input ..............................................................................................................2-1

2.1.3 Power Supply...................................................................................................................2-1

2.1.4 Binary Input......................................................................................................................2-1

2.1.5 Binary Output ...................................................................................................................2-2

2.2 Mechanical Specifications........................................................................................ 2-2

2.4.2 Ethernet Port....................................................................................................................2-3

2.4.3 Optical Fibre Port .............................................................................................................2-3

2.4.4 Print Port..........................................................................................................................2-4

2.4.5 Clock Synchronization Port ..............................................................................................2-4

2.5 Type Tests ..................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.5.2 Mechanical Tests..............................................................................................................2-4

2.5.3 Electrical Tests .................................................................................................................2-5

2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility ..........................................................................................2-5

2.6 Certifications ................................................................................................................ 2-6