9

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Respiratory and Circulatory
Systems Working with the Other
Organ Systems

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Respiratory and Circulatory Systems working with the Other
Organ Systems
First Edition, 2019

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Mercy V. Ricafort, Delia B. Bernadas, Ma. Elena L. Jamile, Hazel Ann L. Larce,
Ma. Teresa C. Sasana
Editor: Rebecca M. Roxas
Reviewers: Arlen S. Gatpo
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Office Address: ____________________________________________

____________________________________________
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E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
 9
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Respiratory and Circulatory
Systems Working with the Other
Organ Systems

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Make the learners aware of the goals of gaining new knowledge through this
module. The lessons are made easy that one may not need other resource
materials. The given activities are important and are practical to help learners learn
better. You may guide and assist them in learning for themselves. Remind them to
handle this material with care and should use separate sheet of paper in answering
the “What I know”, “What’s More”,” What I Can Do” and Assessment.

For the learner:

This material covers subject matter that is divided into series of lessons. The
given activities were designed to help you learn better on your own or with little
help from others. Some lessons present new information or some that you already
knew. Every lesson presents learning task that requires response from you.

Pre-test, activities, self-check exercises and post-test should be answered in

separate sheet of paper. Would you like to find your answer correct, this module
provides important feedback by giving you easy access to the correct answer. Do
not look into it until after you have written your answer on your sheet. If you look
before answering, your learning process will only be impaired.

2
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport
nutrients, gases and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The module is divided into 6 lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1.1 – The Respiratory System
• Lesson 1.2 – The Lungs Work and Movements of Diaphragm
• Lesson 1.3 – Components of the Circulatory System
• Lesson 1.4 – Types of Blood Circulation
• Lesson 1.5 – How Blood is Pumped by the Heart
• Lesson 1.6 – Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working Together

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the key parts of the breathing system;
2. describe the function of each part of the breathing system;
3. explain how the lungs work;
4. describe the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the
lungs;
5. identify the components of the circulatory system;
6. explain the different types of circulation;
7. explain how blood is pumped by the heart; and
8. explain the mechanism of how the respiratory and circulatory systems work
together.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following system is responsible for taking in oxygen and

removing carbon dioxide?
A. Circulatory system B. Digestive system
C. Endocrine system D. Respiratory system

2. The liquid component of the circulatory system that transports nutrients

and oxygen to the different parts of the body is?
A. heart B. blood D. blood vessels D. ventricles

3. Where is carbon dioxide absorbed from the blood?

A. Alveoli B. capillaries C. pulmonary artery D. pulmonary vein

4. The respiratory system is made up of organs of the upper respiratory

track, the lungs and_______?
A. Diaphragm B. esophagus C. Liver D. pancreas

5. Which of the following carries oxygen to the different parts of the body?
A. arteries B. blood cells C. Capillaries D. red blood cells

6. It is the external openings of the nose.

A. nasal cavity B. nasal septum C. nostrils D. sinuses

7. The chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the different parts of the
body is_____.
A. atria B. septum C. pericardium D. lymph nodes

8. Oxygen moves from alveoli to the blood through these tiny blood vessels
that line the alveoli walls called_____.
A. air tubes B. bronchioles C. capillaries D. cilia

9. Which of the following organs pump blood through the blood vessels?
A. brain B. heart C. kidney D. lungs

10. How many chambers does the heart have?

A. six B. five C. four D. three

11. With circulation, the heart provides the human body with___.
A. oxygen B. nutrients
B. a way to get rid with waste D. all of the above.

12. What organs are in the upper respiratory tract?

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 A. nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx
B. nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, lungs
C. nasal cavity, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm
D. nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, lungs, diaphragm

13. Which heart chambers has the thickest wall?

A. left atrium B. right atrium
C. left ventricle D. right ventricle

14. The biggest artery in the circulatory system is the____

A. aorta B. hepatic artery C. pulmonary artery D. renal artery

15. Lola Connie’s sphygmomanometer’s reading is 120/80mmHg. What does

the 120mmHg reading indicate
A. red blood cell count B. white blood cell count
C. diastolic pressure C. systolic pressure

16. What about the 80mmHg reading?

A. red blood cell count B. white blood cell count
C. diastolic pressure C. systolic pressure

17. The sites of exchange of wastes, nutrients, and gases between the blood
and body cells are the____
A. arteries B. arterioles C. capillaries D. veins

18. The two branches of the trachea that connects each lung are____.
A. alveoli B. bronchi C. bronchioles D. lungs

19. The function of the heart valves is to_____.

A. pump blood
B. receive blood from the ventricles
C. separate the two sides of the heart
D. prevent the blood from flowing back

20. Respiratory System : gasses; Circulatory System :________

A. blood B. carbon dioxide C. oxygen D. red blood cells

21. The process of intake of oxygen into the lungs.

A. exhalation B. expiration C. inhalation D. respiration

22. When you breathe in air, you bring oxygen into your lungs and blow
out____?
A. carbon dioxide B. carbon monoxide C. hydrogen D. oxygen

23. The type of blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood throughout the
Body.
A. veins B. arteries C. capillaries D. lymph nodes

24. The Left lung is made of how many lobes?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

25. The organ of the circulatory system that pump blood is ___
A. heart B. blood C. blood vessels D. lymph nodes

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26. I. Oxygen gets into every cell in your body in the alveoli, to the red
blood cell in the capillaries to the arteries, to the heart then to the
different parts of the body.
II. Carbon dioxide is carried from the different parts of the body into
the capillaries to the vein, to the heart then to the lungs.

Which statement is correct?

A. Statement I B. Statement II
C. Both statements D. Neither of the statement

27. During exercise, you need more oxygen because the cells ______.
A. begin to die B. need it for energy
C. produce more carbon dioxide D. all of the above

28. The following are components of blood EXCEPT___

A. plasma B. red blood clees C. white blood cells D. lymph nodes

29. During internal and external respiration, gases move by:

A. active transport B. diffudion C. osmosis D. all of the above

30. The organ system that works closely with the respiratory system in gas
exchange is the______.
A. Circulatory system
B. Digestive system
C. Excretory system
D. Lymphatic system

6
Lesson

1.1 The Respiratory System

Have you ever wondered how does the air from the environment
comes in and out in your body? How the oxygen supplies the lungs and other body
parts to make it work and function? The Human Respiratory System is composed
of different organs responsible for gas exchange. The oxygen enters the body as you
breathe in for the cells to live and function properly, and remove carbon dioxide as
you breathe out.

What’s In

You will find out in this lesson the structures and function of the
respiratory system. You will go through each part like you are having an adventure
inside the respiratory system. Images are provided for you to visualize the part you
are reading, to explore and be amaze of what your respiratory system looks like in
real life. Everything is provided for you to learn in this module; read the words,
understand the thought, and highlight the concepts that might help you to
accomplish this module.

Notes to the Teacher

The goal of this lesson is to ensure the learners that they
have familiarized the structures and function of the respiratory
system. In this way you can assess their learning and
understanding on the lesson. The learners should accomplish the
activities and assessments before proceeding to the next module.

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 What’s New

The Respiratory System

Have you tried to pinch your nose for less than a minute, like 30 seconds?
What did you feel? What did you do after you remove your hand? Yes, the first
thing you did was gasp for air and breathe again. Anything that blocks the airflow
from entering the nose and mouth through the trachea into the lungs will cause
difficulty in breathing. Breathing is the process of intake of air into the lungs
(inhalation) and expulsion of carbon dioxide (exhalation). It is true that humans can
survive without food and water in days, but cannot live without air in minutes.

Respiration is the first thing that happens in the gas exchange between cells
and the environment. The respiratory system works hand in hand with the
circulatory system, they cannot be separated and cannot work alone. This is the
reason why the respiratory system should function correctly as it is vital to the
body’s health.

Parts and Functions of the Respiratory System

There are many different organs present in the gas exchange. The human
respiratory system is divided into two components: upper and lower respiratory
tracts.

I. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

1. Nose – gateway and the first organ of the respiratory system wherein the
air (oxygen) enters the body. It is responsible for the sense of smell and helps
in respiration and speech production.
• Nostrils – also called as “nares.” These are external openings in the
nose and serves as the passage of air into the body.

• Nasal cavity – inside part of the nose. It warm, moisturize and filter
the air that enters the body. It is lined with a mucous membrane that
helps keep the nose moist by producing mucus.

• Cilia – tiny hairs that are located on the surface cells of the mucous
membrane that moves back and forth. The mucus traps any foreign
particles which moved by the cilia toward the front of the nose. This
helps clean the air before it goes to the lungs.
• Mucous membrane – lines the nasal cavity. It produces mucus that
is moist and sticky that captures dust, germs, and small particles
that could irritate the lungs.

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 2. Throat or Pharynx – passageway of air from the oral and nasal cavities to
the lungs, it is also the passage of food to the esophagus. Adenoids and
tonsils are located in the pharynx which plays an important role to protect
the body from infection.
3. Voice Box or Larynx – a hollow tubular structure that connects the
pharynx and the windpipe (trachea). It is where the vocal folds or vocal cords
lie and prevents the passage of food and other foreign particles in the lower
respiratory tracts. The epiglottis is leaf-shaped flap cartilage behind the
tongue which protects the trachea during eating to prevent from inhalation
of food. (Figure 1-1. The epiglottis and vocal folds)

Figure 1-1. The epiglottis and vocal folds

II. LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

1. Windpipe or Trachea – a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to

the bronchi of the lungs. It serves as a passageway of air, moistens, and
warms while it passes into the lungs.

2. Lungs – it is the primary organs of the respiratory system. The lungs are
protected by a bony and muscular rib cage and, a double-layered membrane
(pleura) that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs.

3. Bronchi and Bronchioles – the two branches that split from the trachea
and lead directly to the lungs, called bronchi (singular, bronchus).
Bronchioles are small bronchial tubes that deliver air to alveoli.

4. Air sacs or Alveoli – tiny air sacs like grapes located at the end of the
bronchial tubes and are surrounded by blood capillaries. The gas exchange
of oxygen and carbon dioxide happens between the alveoli (singular, alveolus)
and blood by the process of diffusion. (Figure 1-3. (b) The magnified view of
alveoli)

5. Diaphragm – a dome-shaped structure that separates the chest and

abdomen. It is the main respiratory muscle responsible for inhalation and
exhalation. During inhalation, the lungs expand and the diaphragm moves
downward. In exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its normal
shape.

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 Ribs

(a) (b)
Figure 1-2. (a) Parts of the respiratory system; (b) The magnified view of alveoli

What is It

The respiratory system is a series of multiple organs responsible for

gas exchange. Every part in the respiratory system is important to function
and deliver oxygen to the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood
with the circulatory system. These two systems cannot function alone, but
need one another to function as a whole.

Access PPT (teacher made) on structures of Respiratory system

10
 What’s More

Activity 1.1 Every Breath You Take (Critical Thinking)

This activity will let you recall the structures and functions of the respiratory
system. It is divided into two parts which will assess your understanding and
familiarization of the structures.

I. Identify and locate the parts of the respiratory system using the word bank
below.

1.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4.
9.

5.

10.

6. 11.

WORD BANK
Trachea (windpipe) Lungs Nose Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box) Diaphragm Bronchi Alveoli
Nasal cavity Epiglottis Bronchioles

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II. Fill in the blanks the correct word or term using the box below.

oxygen air bronchi nose

carbon dioxide inhalation respiratory pharynx
trachea exhalation lungs blood

Humans and animals need 1._____________ to live. 2.__________ is a type of gas that

enters inside the body. The 3.______________ system is responsible for exchange of

oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the body.

During 4.____________, we breathe in air and enters in the 5.____________ which is

the first organ in the respiratory system.

From there, it will pass through the 6.____________ and will travel down to the start

of the lower respiratory tract, 7._______________. The trachea have branches called

8.___________ which lead to the 9.____________, the primary organs of the

respiratory system.

Oxygen enters the 10.____________ and at the same time, the waste gas

11._______________ leaves the blood and body by 12._______________.

Activity 1.2 Take My Breath Away (Creative Thinking)

This activity will let you observe your own breathing patterns when at rest,
and after every physical activity.

Procedure:
1. Perform some movements that will measure your breathing patterns by
taking specific counts and data analysis.

2. You will measure the breaths per minute when at rest, moderate
movement and exercise for 60 seconds.

Remember :
1. From the three sets of activities, perform one at a time.

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 2. The required movements should be done only for 60 seconds.

3. After doing the required action, start to count your number of breaths for
60 seconds.

4. Perform the first activity. Do steps 2 and 3. Record your number of

breaths.
5. Do the same in the second activity. Then in the third activity.

6. Plot the results on the table below. The details will be placed on a
tabulated format to compare the breathing patterns in each activity.

7. Analyze the data you recorded by comparing the number of breaths per
minute after performing each activity

8. Write your conclusion.

TABLE OF RESULTS

Breaths per
minute
Activities
(60 seconds)
Rest – sitting
Moderate movement -
walking
Exercise - jumping jack

CONCLUSION:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

1. The respiratory system transports oxygen to all the cells in the body and
remove carbon dioxide. The organs responsible for respiration are the nose,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.
2. Breathing is a process of intake of oxygen (inhalation) and expulsion of
carbon dioxide (exhalation). The diaphragm contracts during inhalation and
relaxes during exhalation.
3. The respiratory system is divided into two components: upper and lower
respiratory tracts.
4. The larynx produces vocal sounds and prevents the passage of food and
other foreign particles in the lower respiratory tracts. The trachea moistens
and warms the air before it pass into the lungs.
5. Lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system. Alveolus is the
center of the gas exchange in the respiratory system.

What I Can Do

Self-Check. Differentiate the following terms. Write your answers on a

separate sheet of paper. (Critical Thinking)

1. inhalation, exhalation
2. bronchi, bronchioles
3. oxygen, carbon dioxide

Access printable worksheet: (Critical Thinking)

https:www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/Science/Respiratory_Syste
m/Respiratory_System_vt7265sh
Note: Print and take a photo of your answered worksheet and send online
to your respective teacher

14
Lesson
The Lungs Work and
1.2 Movement of Diaphragm

Previously, you have learned some organs in the respiratory system wherein
you understand not only the organs as well as their functions. The lungs are
important organs in this system. They allow blood and air to come in close contact
with each other. But how do the lungs perform its duty ? What are the other parts
involved with it ?

What’s In

In this lesson, you will learn what happens to the lungs and diaphragm as
they work together allowing air from outside to enter inside the body to acquire
oxygen needed and get rid the body of carbon dioxide.

Notes to the Teacher

The objective of this lesson is to make sure that the
learners will familiarize the other parts of the lungs and their
functions together with the diaphragm working together. The
learners will try to do the activity given and answer the
assessment before proceeding to the next module.

15
 What’s New

The Lungs
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system that fill your
chest cavity and are protected by your rib cage. They are separated by “ pouches “
one on the right and one on the left side. The right lung is partially divided into
three lobes and the left lung is partially divided into just two lobes because the
heart is located also at the left side of the body. The lungs are covered with a two
layered membrane called pleura . One layer of the pleura covers each lung, while
the other layer contacts with the diaphragm and the other organs of the chest
cavity. A lubricating fluid between the two layers allows the lungs to move freely in
the chest during breathing.

Inside the Lungs

The interior of each lung is not open cavity like a bag. Instead, it is
subdivided into about 400 million small chambers called alveoli clustered together
like bunches of grapes (see diagram below). The alveoli greatly increase the
diffusion surface of the lung to allow more exchange of gases; oxygen and carbon
dioxide diffuse through their thin walls. They are surrounded by so many
capillaries that it is as if blood were flowing over them in a continuous sheet. The
total surface area in a pair of lungs is about 150 square meters or more than the
area of a tennis court. Alveoli are connected to the bronchi by a branching network
of tubes called bronchioles (little bronchi) some of which are surrounded by smooth
muscle and have many receptors sensitive to levels of oxygen.

You may also watch the video link:

https://www.youtube.com/mh8owPHMUrg

16
Lungs and Diaphragm Working Together
The diaphragm is a sheet of smooth muscles located below the lungs and
separates them from the abdominal cavity. It works with the lungs during the
breathing process or the active pumping of air in and out.

Pay attention to your own breathing for a moment. Each respiratory

cycle consists of one inhalation and one exhalation. These are the two phases of
breathing. Each time you inhale, air moves into the lungs when you exhale, air
flows out of the lungs. What drives this back–and forth motion?
Take a deep breath! During inhalation , muscular contraction causes the
walls of the chest cavity to expand so that the rib cage moves outward and upward.
Since the lungs contain no muscle tissue, they cannot move by themselves.
However they are elastic. The diaphragm is dome-shaped when relaxed, but moves
downward and flattens during this contraction. The surface tension between the
pleural membranes of the lungs and the thoracic cavity resists separating so that
the lungs also expand. As the lungs expand the air pressure inside them decreases,
and air rapidly moves in through your mouth and nose into your lungs to equalize
pressure.
During exhalation, the ribs and diaphragm return to their original resting
position. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward. The rib muscles relax, causing
the ribs to drop. This causes the chest cavity to become smaller, and the pressure
of the lungs to become greater. Thus, air is squeezed out of the lungs back to the
atmosphere. Normal rates of breathing vary from about 12 to 25 times per minute.

The respiratory center within the medulla oblongata adjusts breathing to

different levels of activity: it lowers the rate during sleep and raises the rate and
depth during times of physical exercise, fever and intense emotions. The amount of
carbon dioxide present in the blood primarily determines the breathing rate. During
vigorous exercise, the respiratory center receives information from the muscles and
joints as well. It also receives information from emotional centers within the brain
during the fight-and-flight response. The respiratory center responds to all this
information by adjusting the rate and depth of breathing.
When each breath is completed, the lungs still contain a volume of air, the
residual volume. Each exhalation removes approximately the same volume as
inhalation added, reducing the air volume in the lungs again. The activity given
below may help you understand the mechanisms of breathing.

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 What’s More

Activity 2.1 DIY Lung Model (Creative Thinking)

What you will need:
1 rubber sheet from discarded balloon adhesive tape
2 small plastic straw or old ball pen cases
1 wide plastic jar ( preferably 1.5 softdrink bottle )
What you will do:
Make a working lung model like the diagram shown below using the
materials above.

Guide Questions :
1. What does each part of your lung model represent?

2. What happen as you pull down the rubber sheet at the bottom of your
model?

3. What happens as you push it up?

4. How does the movement of the diaphragm cause the air to go and out of the
lungs?

5. What might happen if you prick the balloon? Or clog the balloon?

18
Activity 2.2 That’s the Way I Breathe It (Critical Thinking)

A. In each diagram below, draw the movement of the particles of air during
inhaling and exhaling . Label each drawing as Inhalation or Exhalation.

A.___________________________ B. ____________________________

B. Supply the missing words in the following sentences.

1. The work of breathing is done by the __________ and the __________between
the ribs.

2. When the diaphragm contracts, the chest cavity ___________ and the
outside air flows __________ the trachea and lungs.

3. When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest cavity ____________ and air flows
_________ of the lungs .

Word Bank :
diaphragm lungs expand reduced in out

What I Have Learned

The lungs are the organs of the body that allow gas exchange to take
place between the air and the blood. It is accomplished through the help of
the diaphragm associated with the set of tubes that conducts air from
outside the body into the lungs.

19
 What I Can Do

Mastering Concepts. Use a separate sheet of paper to write down your answers.

Construct a short free verse poem that may show or contain the answer/s
to the following questions. (Creative Thinking)
1. What is the main function of the lungs?
2. How does the diaphragm work?
3. How is gas exchange accomplished in the lungs?
4. What is the relationship between the volume of the chest cavity and the
air pressure in the lungs?
5. Why do the lungs need to be large, wet, ventilated, and very close to
Capillaries

Access: QUIZIZZ (Critical Thinking)

In your browser, copy the link and then enter. Answer the questions and
take a snapshot of your score. Send the snapshot of your score to your
respective teacher.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5db2a76921a74001a62504e/gas-exchange

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Lesson
Components of the
1.3 Circulatory System

The human circulatory system is responsible in transporting materials

throughout the body. It transports oxygen, water and nutrients to the
various tissues of the body. It also heals and fights infections and at the
same time remove waste material such as carbon dioxide from the body
tissues. The circulatory system functions as a detailed pathway that
nourishes the body cells with nutrients needed by the organisms to survive.

What’s In

In this lesson, you will explore and describe the circulatory system. You will
discover the structure of the blood, blood vessels and heart, and its importance in
transporting oxygen, and nutrients in your body. You are provided with activities
for better understanding of the lesson. Read carefully the concepts and analyse the
illustrations that will help you learn the different components of the circulatory
system. Credits will be given to you if you do well in this module.

Notes to the Teacher

Make sure that at the end of lesson the learners should be
able to describe and identify the components of the circulatory
systems. The learners should answer the activities on a separate
sheet.

21
 What’s New

Components of Circulatory System

The circulatory system also known as cardiovascular system is the life
support structure that nourishes your cells with the nutrients from the food you
eat and the oxygen from the air you breathe. It can be compared to a complex
arrangement of highways, avenues and lanes connecting all the cells together. The
community of cells sustains the body with the essential nutrients to stay alive.

The circulatory system functions with the other organ systems to deliver
different materials in the body. It circulates vital elements such as oxygen and
nutrients. At the same time, it also transports metabolic waste such as carbon
dioxide and nitrogenous wastes away from the body.

Components of Blood
In human blood is the medium for transport which is pumped by an organ
called heart. Blood is a liquid consisting of plasma, red blood cells, white blood
cells and platelets. Blood helps in the transportation of various substances such as
nutrients and oxygen, it also provide protection of the body against diseases.

Plasma is a light yellow

liquid component that
makes up about half of the
content of blood. It carries
water, salts and enzymes.
Plasma transport
nutrients, proteins and
hormones to the different
part of the body where it is
needed.

Red blood cells (erythrocyte) which constitute about 45% of the whole blood are
another important component of the blood that contain haemoglobin it circulate
through the body delivering oxygen to the cells.

White blood cells (leucocyte) are involved in the immune response that identify
and target invading bacteria, viruses and other foreign organisms, they also recycle
waste components such as old red blood cells.

Platelets (thrombocyte) are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop
bleeding. If one of your blood vessels gets damaged, it sends signals to the platelets.
The platelets then rush to the site of damage, they form clot to fix the damage.

22
Blood vessels
The blood vessels serve as the network that channels blood throughout the
body. As the blood flows all over the body, it remain confined within these blood
vessels. It is the reason why human circulation as well as those of other vertebrates
is described as closed circulation. Blood vessels are classified according to
structure and functions. There are three types of blood vessels:

1. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, except for the pulmonary
arteries that carry blood low in oxygen from the right ventricle to the lungs for
oxygenation. Arteries are elastic blood vessels, as blood passes through them, it
recoils and rebounds in a pulsating manner. The blood that passes through
arteries is under high pressure exerted by the action of the heart.

2. Veins return blood low in oxygen back to the heart from the different parts of the
body, except for the pulmonary veins that carry blood rich in oxygen from the lungs
to the left ventricle then to the left atrium of the heart and to different parts of the
body . Unlike arteries, veins are thinner and it has valve that prevent the back
flowing of blood.
3. Capillaries are very tiny but most numerous blood vessels. Capillaries form
connections between the arterioles and the venules. The main function of
capillaries is the exchange of materials such as gases and nutrients, and collect
waste products of metabolism between blood and tissues.

Human Heart
Do you know how big your heart is? The human heart is roughly as big of a
closed fist. It is situated at the middle of the chest cavity, slightly to the left of the
center. The heart is a muscular organ enclosed by a thin but strong sac called
pericardium. As the heart contracts it pumped blood around the body. It carries
deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and oxygen- rich blood to the
different parts of the body.

23
Parts of the Heart and it’s Functions
1. Chambers of the Heart

Human heart is a four- chambered heart. It is divided into two divisions (left
and right) by the muscle called septum. The atria which is the receiving chamber
receives blood from the different parts of the body (right atrium) and blood coming
from the lungs (left atrium). While the ventricles are the pumping chamber, right
ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs for oxygenation and left ventricle pumped
oxygen- rich blood to the different parts of the body. The upper and lower chamber
of the heart differ in thickness due to variation in the amount of myocardium
present. The difference reflect the amount of force each chamber needed to
generate in order to bring blood to its destination.

2. Valves of the heart

Valves are flaps of muscle tissues that prevent the back flowing of blood. The
heart has four valves, mitral valve and tricuspid valve, which control the blood flow
from the atria to the ventricle. The aortic valve and pulmonary valve which control
blood flow out of the ventricle. Your heart valves are located at the exit of each of
your four chambers and maintain one- way blood flow through your heart. These
valves prevent the blood from flowing back into the ventricles. This pattern is
repeated over and over with each heartbeat, causing the blood to flow continuously
to the heart, lungs and body.

24
3. Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava

The superior vena cava (SVC) returns deoxygenated blood from the systemic
circulation to the right atrium of the heart. While inferior vena cava (IVC) is a large
vein that carries blood from the lower and middle part of the body to the right
atrium of the heart. The wall of the inferior vena cava are rigid and it has valves so
that blood does not flow down due to gravity.

4. Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Veins

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the
heart to the lungs. Aorta is the largest artery, it convey oxygen rich- blood pumped
by the heart to all parts of the body. While the pulmonary veins delivers oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the heart.

What is It

The circulatory system is the life support system of the body. It nourishes
the cells with nutrients from the food you eat and oxygen from the external
environment. The circulatory system composes of different parts with their
important roles; the blood, carries materials throughout the body, the heart, a
hollow muscular organ that pumped the blood and the blood vessels that carries
the blood. Blood vessels is of different types, the arteries carry oxygenated blood
away from the heart to the cells, tissues and organs of the body, veins carry
deoxygenated blood to the heart, and capillaries the smallest blood vessels in the
body which connects arteries and veins. In the capillaries actual exchange of gases
and nutrient happen.

Access PPT (teacher made) on components of the Circulatory system

25
 What’s More

Activity 3.1 COMPLETE ME (Critical Thinking)

Study the diagram; choose the correct word from the word bank below to
complete the sentences that describe the blood vessels and the components of
blood.

26
Activity 3.2 (Critical Thinking)
Label the numbered parts of the heart. Match the illustration from the list of
parts inside the box.

Word Bank
left ventricle right ventricle tricuspid valve

pulmonary vein pulmonary artery aorta

left atrium right atrium septum

bicuspid valve superior vena cava mitral valve
pulmonary valve inferior vena cava

Guide Questions:
1. Which is the largest and the main artery of the circulatory system?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What separates the left and the right side of the heart?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the upper and lower part of
the body.
___________________________________________________________________________

27
 4. Which blood vessels bring blood to and from the heart?
_______________________________________________________________________

5. What prevent blood from flowing back into the chamber of the heart?
________________________________________________________________________
6. Name the four chambers of the heart.
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3.3 Concept Map (Critical Thinking)

On a separate sheet of paper copy and complete the concept map about the
circulatory system using the vocabulary words below.

28
 What I Have Learned

The circulatory system consist of the following :

a. blood or circulating fluids (plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets)
b. blood vessels (artery, vein, and capillary)

What I Can Do

Self-Check. Use a separate sheet of paper to write down your answers.

(Critical Thinking)

1. Explain how the circulatory system works.

2. Why do you think the circulatory system is important? Cite two reasons.

Access the link: (Critical Thinking)

In your browser, copy the link and then enter. Answer the questions and
take a snapshot of your score. Send the snapshot of your score to your
respective teacher.
https://www.free-anatomy-quiz.com/heartQs1.html

29
Lesson

1.4 Types of Blood Circulation

The circulatory system works like a water supply system. Just as the water
is moved by a generator to reach households, once used, it never comes back.
Whereas, in the human circulatory system the heart is the generator that pumps
blood through the blood vessels to the different parts of the body. But unlike water
systems, blood returns to the heart to be recycled and perform its function again
and again. The circulatory system works in harmony and with coordination with
the different organ systems of the body to maintain homeostasis or balance.

What’s In

This lesson will give the learner a better understanding on how blood
circulates and reaches the different organs of the body like the lungs, the kidneys,
and the liver to name a few to deliver oxygen, dissolved nutrients, and pick up
metabolic waste products and carbon dioxide. Pictures and illustrations are
provided to help you visualize the part you are reading. Enjoy reading and
accomplishing this module. Take down notes or highlight important concept that
you think will be useful for you someday.

Notes to the Teacher

This lesson aims to help the learners understand and
be familiar to the different types of body circulations through
simple activities. This will also help you to assess their
learning and understanding of the lesson. It is important that
learners accomplish the activities and assessments before
moving on with the next lesson.

30
 What’s New

Have you ever asked how do the different body organs get its nourishment?
Going back to your previous lesson, the system that supplies nourishment and
oxygen to your body is the circulatory system. The blood, being the carrier of the
most needed nutrients and oxygen follows major pathways of circulation. These
are:

1. Coronary Circulation
Blood circulation in the heart is called coronary circulation. Like all other
organs of the body, the heart needs nutrients and oxygen to function properly. But
the heart cannot directly absorb the dissolved nutrients and oxygen from the blood
that circulates within it. The surface of the thick muscle layers of the heart is
enveloped with coronary arteries, smaller arterioles, creeping through the muscles,
branch off from the aorta and curve around the left and the right sides of the heart.
Coronary arteries supply blood rich with nutrients and oxygen to the cardiac
muscles while coronary veins carry deoxygenated blood from the cardiac muscles
the back to circulation.

https://www.jaypeedigital.com/book/9789350250471/chapter/ch5

2. Pulmonary Circulation
The flow of blood through the heart and the lungs, and then back to the
heart is called pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary circulation transports
deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle of the heart via the
tricuspid valve. When the right ventricle contracts, the blood is forced out through

31
the left and right pulmonary arteries, and into the lungs. Gas exchange happens in
the capillaries of the lungs where oxygen is pushed up and carbon dioxide is
removed. From the lungs, oxygenated blood is carried by the left and right
pulmonary veins to the left atrium. Contraction of the left atrium forces oxygenated
blood into the left ventricle through the bicuspid or mitral valve.

https://www.shutterstock.com/search/pulmonary+circulation

3. Systemic Circulation
Systemic circulation carries oxygen – rich blood from the heart to organs and
tissues. This moves blood from the heart to all the body’s organs and tissues,
except for the heart and lungs and back to the heart again.

It begins when the left ventricle pumps or contracts the oxygen – rich blood
through the aorta for circulation throughout the whole body. Blood forces its way
through the arterioles and the capillaries in the different organs where oxygen is
delivered, and carbon dioxide is picked up. The tissues of the organs receive oxygen
from red blood cells (erythrocytes). Blood then returns to the heart through the
veins. Deoxygenated blood coming from the upper body regions enters the right
atrium of the heart through the superior vena cava, and the inferior vena cava that
carries blood from the lower body regions. Both are the largest veins of the body
that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The blood’s return to the heart
from the upper and lower parts of the body marks the end of the systemic
circulation.

32
 https://www.slideshare.net/j3di79/lesson-3-structure-and-function-of-the-
human-heart

What is It

The circulatory system has a powerful organ that acts as a double pump.
This is the heart. It pumps blood throughout the body in a continuous circulatory
pathway. The blood vessels, the arteries, veins, and capillaries, and the blood
completes the system and carries out its function which is to supply and deliver
dissolved nutrients, oxygen, and hormones, plus, picking up metabolic waste
products and carbon dioxide from the different body parts.

You may watch a video on blood flow. Just access the link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBt5jZSWhMI

33
 What’s More

Activity 4.1 Fill Me Up (Critical Thinking)

Label the figure showing the flow of blood in the circulatory system. Choose
the correct answer from the word bank. Analyze the diagram and enjoy.

1 12

11
3
10

9
4

6 7

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/label-figure-depicting-overall-
flow-blood-cardiovascular-system-pulmonary-superior-vein-ve-q40354960

34
Activity 4.2 Group Us Up (Critical Thinking)
From the answers you have on Activity 1.1, fill up the table comparing
systemic circulation from pulmonary circulation. Choices from Activity 1.1 can be
used more than once.

Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation

Guide Questions

1. From the activity done, name the three parts associated with systemic
circulation.

2. What kind of blood is supplied by the systemic circulation?

3. What chamber of the heart is responsible in pumping blood in

systemic circulation?

4. Name at least three parts associated with pulmonary circulation.

5. What are the two larger veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the
upper and lower parts of the body?

6. In what organ does the exchange of gases occur?

35
What I Have Learned

https://www.slideshare.net/thelawofscience/ms-hes-circulatory-system

36
 What I Can Do

Let’s Apply It. Fill the boxes with the correct part/organ that participates in
systemic and pulmonary circulation. (Critical Thinking)

https://www.hourlybook.com/double-circulation-www-hourlybook-com/

Access QUIZIZZ
In your browser, copy the link and then enter. Answer the questions and
take a snapshot of your score. Send the snapshot of your score to your
respective teacher. (Critical Thinking)
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5cb0b013baec70001ae85209/circulation

37
Lesson
How Blood is Pumped by the
1.5 Heart

Have you ever wondered how your blood can reach to the top of your toes, or
the top of your fingers? The coordinated transport of blood with useful materials to
where they are needed and metabolic waste products to where the body can get rid
of them is made possible by the function of the circulatory system. The system
concludes the heart, blood, and the blood vessels. The heart provides the
machinery to pump or move the blood along the blood vessels and deliver oxygen
and nutrients and remove waste products from the cells.

What’s In

In this lesson, you will know how blood is pumped by the heart to the
different parts of the body. You will trace the pathway of blood as it enters the
heart and moves out to the lungs, back to the heart, and exits to be distributed to
the different organs of the body. You will discover how powerful the heart is to
support the life of an organism.

Simple yet enjoyable activities await to help you learn the lesson. Additional
points will be given if you do well in the lesson.

Notes to the Teacher

The objective of this lesson is to help and ensure that the
learners have understood the structures of the heart and how it
functions effectively in pumping blood throughout the human
body. The learners should accomplish the given activities and
assessments before moving on to the next module.

38
 What’s New

The Human Heart: How Blood is pumped by the Heart

The heart is a powerful, muscular organ that pumps about 10,000 liters of
blood daily throughout the body via the circulatory system, carrying and supplying
oxygen, dissolve nutrients to the cells, and removing carbon dioxide and other
metabolic wastes.
The movement of the blood is brought about by the contraction and
relaxation of the four chambers of the heart, namely the atria and the ventricles.
These do not contract and relax simultaneously but rather follows a cycle.
Blood with high carbon dioxide content from all parts of the body enters the
right atrium through large veins, namely the superior and inferior vena cava,
entering the heart from above and below. The right atrium contracts to push
deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle passing through the tricuspid valve. The
right ventricle contracts to push deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery via
the pulmonary valve.

https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/how-heart-works

The pulmonary arteries lead to the capillaries in the lungs where blood
absorbs oxygen and excretes carbon dioxide.
Oxygen – rich blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the
pulmonary veins. The left atrium contracts to push oxygenated blood into the left
ventricle through the bicuspid or mitral valve. The left ventricle then contracts to
push the blood forcefully into the aorta through the aortic semilunar valve. The
aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body that branches into other arteries to
deliver blood all over the body.

39
Valves Prevent Blood from Moving in the Wrong Direction
The coordinated contraction cycle of the atria and ventricles to maintain
blood flow presents challenges. When the ventricles contract, the blood must be
pushed out through the arteries and not back up to the atria. Once blood has
entered the arteries, it must be prevented from flowing back as the heart relaxes.
These needs are answered by the presence of valves. Valves prevent the backflow of
blood as it is pushed from one heart chamber to another.

ttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320565?fbclid=IwAR0EquQEZugBsksshghumhCanimj
F4_8eGvB7tarn60vkEHMNr9Uf8ViTpY#the-valves

The heart has four valves that help ensure that blood only flows in one
direction, namely:

• Aortic valve: between the left ventricle and the aorta.

• Mitral valve: between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
• Pulmonary valve: between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery.
• Tricuspid valve: between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Most people are familiar with the sound of a human heartbeat. It is often
described as a “lub-DUB” sound. The “lub” sound is produced by the tricuspid and
mitral valves closing, and the “DUB” sound is caused by the closing of the
pulmonary and aortic valves.

How About Blood Pressure?

The blood pressure corresponds to the pressure that the blood exerts against
the walls of the arteries when pumped by the heart. Pressure is needed to ensure
circulation because blood must overcome the resistances associated with the
progressive decrease in the diameter of the arterial vessels.

40
 The person’s blood pressure is determined by the balance between diastole
and systole blood pressure which is measured by millimeters of Mercury (mmHg).

What are diastole and systole?

Diastole is defined by the following characteristics:

• Diastole is when the heart muscle relaxes.

• When the heart relaxes, the chambers of the heart fill with blood, and
a person’s blood pressure decreases.

Systole is defined by the following characteristics:

• Systole is when the heart muscle contracts.

• When the heart contracts, it pushes the blood out of the heart and
into the large blood vessels of the circulatory system. From here, the
blood goes to all of the organs and tissues of the body.
• During systole, a person’s blood pressure increases.

Diastole Systole

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321447?fbclid=IwAR0HvI7rEzU1V6HmQ3DXNto6lXXVhBC-
x0-HRm29KH2NktuTqCIQbYegfZY#what-are-diastole-and-systole

A sphygmomanometer is used to measure a person’s blood pressure.

If someone has a reading of 120/80 mmHg, the person has:
• Systolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg
• Diastolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg.

41
 What is It

The circulatory system requires a dependable and powerful pump that can
move blood through the body continuously throughout an animal’s life, and this is
the heart. Blood movement is driven by the muscle contractions in the heart. The
muscular chambers called atria collect blood, which moves the blood into the
ventricles, the chambers whose contractions circulate blood through the body.
The right atrium and right ventricle deal with deoxygenated blood, pumping
it to the lungs for oxygen fixation and carbon dioxide removal. The left atrium and
left ventricle deal with oxygenated blood. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters
the left atrium and is then squeezed into the left ventricle. Strong contractions of
the left ventricle, the heart’s thickest/most muscular chamber push oxygenated
blood through the major artery, namely, the aorta, and to the rest of the body.
Coordinating the activity of the heart’s four chambers to maintain a one –
way blood flow is met by the four valves. These are the tricuspid valve,
bicuspid/mitral valve, pulmonary valve, and the aortic valve. Pressure in one
direction opens the valves but pressure against its direction forces them tightly
closed.
You may watch a video on blood pathway. Just access the link:
https://www.youtube.com/kar9D31Jnls

What’s More

Activity 5.1 Blood Pathway

Trace the pathway of blood into and through the heart and back, then out of
the aorta. Name the structures it passes through the way. Write your answers in
the flow chart provided below. Pick your answers from the word bank and answer
the guide questions. (Critical Thinking)

Inferior Vena Cava

Superior Vena Cava
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Pulmonary Valve
Aortic Valve
Aorta
42
 WORD BANK

1
9 12 7 11 2

13

10 5 6 4 8 3

https://www.thinglink.com/scene/662686438856327170

1. Enumerate the chambers of the heart.

2. Identify the structures that separate the upper chambers from the
lower chambers of the heart.
3. Deoxygenated blood from the body enters into which chamber?

43
 4. Where does the blood move after leaving the first chamber?
5. Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart.
6. Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the heart.
7. What chambers of the heart receive oxygen – rich blood from the
lungs?
8. What chamber of heart pumps oxygen – rich blood out to the other
parts of the body?
9. In what blood vessel does the blood travel when it leaves the heart to
the body?
10. What kind of blood is associated with the right side of the heart?
What about on the left side of the heart?

What I Have Learned

The human heart is a muscular organ (pump) with four chambers that
moves blood through phases of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole). The
right side of the heart receives oxygen – poor blood or deoxygenated blood (DOB)
from the body and circulates it to the lungs for oxygen fixation and carbon dioxide
removal. The left side of the heart receives oxygen – rich blood or oxygenated blood
(OB) from the lungs and circulates it to the rest of the body. The one – way
direction of blood flow is maintained by the valves within the heart.

What I Can Do

Self-Check. Use a separate sheet of paper to write down your answers. (Character)

1. How does the heart cope up in supplying oxygen when a person is

running fast or exercising vigorously?
2. What lifestyle should be considered to maintain the healthy condition
of the heart?
3. If faced in a situation where you lose a loved one or a member of a
family with a healthy heart, would you consider donating his/her
heart to a patient who is waiting for a heart transplant? Why or why
not?

Access CLIFFSNOTES
In your browser, copy the link and then enter. Answer the questions and take a snapshot of
your score. Send the snapshot of your score to your respective teacher. (Critical Thinking)
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/biology/biology/blood-and-circulation/qui-human-
circulatory-system

44
Lesson Mechanism of How
1.6 Respiratory and Circulatory
Systems Working Together

The human respiratory system is all about exchanging oxygen and carbon
dioxide with the environment. The human circulatory system functions to transport
blood and oxygen to the various tissues of the body. It also carries away carbon
dioxide from the body tissues. The two body systems work together to ensure that
organ tissues receive enough oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide which is the
metabolic waste product.

What’s In

In this lesson, you will explore the gas exchange by diffusion that happens in
the lungs and body cells and how gasses are transported by the circulatory system.
You will discover the mechanism on how respiratory and circulatory systems work
together in maintaining balance in the body.

Simple yet enjoyable activities await you to better learn the lesson. Credits
will be given to you if you do well in doing it.

Notes to the Teacher

Make sure that the learners have understood the parts
and function of the respiratory and circulatory systems. In this
lesson the learners should be able to explain the mechanism of
how respiratory and circulatory systems work together. The
learners should answer the activities on a separate sheet.

45
 What’s New

Diffusion of Gasses in the Lungs

Breathing delivers oxygen to the alveoli of the lungs. However, if oxygen
merely remained in the lungs, all the other body cells would die. The vital link
between the alveoli and the body cells is the circulatory system. Each alveolus
serves a depot from which oxygen is loaded into the blood of the pulmonary
capillaries.

Because the alveoli contain a greater concentration of oxygen than the blood
entering the pulmonary capillaries, oxygen molecules diffuse from the alveoli into
the blood.

Carbon dioxide moves from the blood, where it is more concentrated, to the
alveoli, where it is less concentrated. Each Gas diffuses through the thin lining of
the capillary and the thin lining of the alveolus.

As blood circulates through the tissues, oxygen moves from the blood, where
it is more concentrated, into the cells, where it is less concentrated. On the other
hand, carbon dioxide is more concentrated in the cells than in the blood. As a
result, carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the blood and is transported to
the lungs.

Transportation of Gasses by the Circulatory System

Gasses that are transported by the circulatory system are best
demonstrated by following the path of a red blood cell from the heart traveling
through the lungs.

A red blood cell delivers oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide from the
different parts of the body. It returns to the right atrium then to the right ventricle
of the heart. The red blood cell is pumped out of the heart through the pulmonary
artery to the lungs.

46
 In the lungs, the red blood cell enters the alveoli where gas exchange
through diffusion takes place. The red blood cell then returns to the heart through
the capillaries and pulmonary vein.

From the pulmonary vein, the red blood cell enters the left atrium of the
heart then to the left ventricle. The oxygen rich blood is pumped out of the heart to
the different parts of the body via the aorta artery and eventually reaches the
capillaries leading to the individual cells. There, the cells absorb the oxygen from
the red blood cell and pass on their waste carbon dioxide. The red blood cell
returns back to the right atrium of the heart via the veins to complete the cycle.

What is It

The respiratory system works with the circulatory system to transport

oxygen to the cells and to return carbon dioxide to the lungs for elimination from
the body. Oxygen from the inhaled air will pass through the cell walls of the alveoli
and capillaries into the blood. The blood trough the veins will continue to go back
to the heart where it is pushed to travel to the different parts of the body. As the
blood moves into the capillaries it passes by individual living cells where gas
exchange occurs. The heart sends blood that has returned through the veins from
all over the body to the lungs. The blood that has returned to the heart carries
carbon dioxide which will be released into the alveoli for another process of gas
exchange.

Access and watch video link provided

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NUxvJS-_0k

47
 What’s More

Activity 6. If I Were a Drop of Blood (Creative Thinking)

Pretend to be a drop of blood travelling through the vessels of the body in a
complete circulation.

Your journey begins in the capillaries of the lungs, and you just pick up your
first load of oxygen. Be sure to name the cells in the lungs that drop off oxygen.
Also, name the cells in the blood that pick up the oxygen.

Describe where the cells of the blood travel to drop off oxygen. Then describe
where these cells of the blood travel to drop off oxygen they have picked up and
what they pick up in return. Be sure to give the name for this process.
Continue your story by explaining where this new cargo must be dropped off
and why. Then, pretend the human body you are inside begins to exercise and
energy demand is increased.

Explain how your movements change as you try to help maintain

homeostasis or balance.
Extra Credit #1 - Be creative: Come up with a name for yourself and something
that will make your story unique and fun to read!

Extra Credit #2: Include drawings. Draw a diagram (like a map or something like
that) or make believe you took pictures on your journey.

Rubric: This assignment is worth 25 points. Use the rubric below for expectations
for your story.
Criteria Unacceptable Acceptable Target Exemplary
(0 points) (1-2 points) (3-4 points (5 points)
Concepts Few or none of Some of the Most of the All of the
the concepts concepts have concepts have concepts have
have been been correctly been correctly been correctly
correctly included in the included in the included in the
included in the story. There is story. There is story. There is
story. There is some little no uncertainty
complete uncertainty as uncertainty as as to whether
uncertainty as to whether to whether there is
to whether there is there is understanding
there is understanding understanding of the
understanding of the of the concepts.
of the concepts. concepts.
concepts.
Descriptions Few or none of Some of the Most of the All of the
the descriptions descriptions descriptions
descriptions are accurate are accurate are accurate
are accurate or complete and complete and complete
or complete

48
Clarity There is major There is some There is little There is no
confusion confusion confusion confusion while
while reading while reading while reading reading the
the story the story the story story
Creativity No creativity is
The story is A maximum of A maximum of
Bonus used unique and two points can two points can
fun to read. A be awarded be awarded
name for the
blood cell is
provided
Drawing No drawings Detailed and A maximum of A maximum of
Bonus have been colored two points can two points can
included drawings have be awarded be awarded
been included.

What I Have Learned

1. The human respiratory and circulatory systems work together to supply the
body with oxygen and get rid of waste carbon dioxide. Oxygen is transported
to the different parts of the body by the circulatory system while picking up
carbon dioxide to bring back to the lungs.

What I Can Do

Self-Checked. Use a separate sheet of paper to write down your answers. (Critical
Thinking)

1. How does the oxygen we breathe in get to every cell in our bodies?
2. What in our blood carries the oxygen where it needs to go?
3. When we are exercising, do we need more or less oxygen? Why?

ONLINE TASK (Communication)

Develop a comic strip showing transportation of gases in lungs and

circulatory system using any comic platform e.g. google slides, pixton
comics, storyboard maker, etc. Send/email to your respective teacher.

49
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following describes how chocking could lead to death? The
_____
A. Circulatory System will not get oxygen in the body.
B. Respiratory System will not get oxygen into the body.
C. Circulatory System will not get carbon dioxide out of the lungs.
D. Respiratory System will fail in delivering oxygen to the different parts
of the body.
2. Which of the following carries away carbon dioxide from the body tissues?
A. arteries B. capillaries
C. red blood cells D. veins
3. Which of the following processes causes the exchange of carbon dioxide in
the blood?
A. Circulation B. Diffusion
C. Inhalation D. Respiration
4. The following describes the function of the respiratory system EXCEPT?
A. Production of sound
B. Filter, warm and moisten the air
C. Gas exchange between air and blood
D. Protects the body from infection and blood loss
5. Oxygen between the wall of alveoli and red blood cell moves from the____
A. blood where is less concentrated.
B. alveoli where it is less concentrated
C. blood where it is more concentrated.
D. alveoli where it is more concentrated.
6. I. Respiratory system moves air in and out of the lungs. Oxygen in air is
diffuse to the blood and move by circulatory system to the heart then to
the different parts of the body.
II. Respiratory system brings in oxygen to the different parts of the body,
then circulatory system collects carbon dioxide to be eliminated in the
lungs.
Which statement is correct?
A. Statement I
B. Statement II
C. Both statements
D. Neither of the statement
 7. Which of the following is the correct pathway of air from the environment
to the lungs?
A. nose – pharynx – larynx – trachea – lungs
B. nose – larynx – pharynx - trachea – lungs
C. nose – larynx – trachea – pharynx – lungs
D. nose – pharynx – trachea – larynx – lungs
8. The exchange of gases occurs between?
A. alveoli and blood B. alveoli and trachea
C. bronchi and alveoli D. bronchi and blood
9. The organ system which is responsible for the transport of oxygen and
nutrients in the body?
A. Circulatory System C. Digestive System
B. Muscular System D. Skeletal System
10. Which organ of the respiratory system moistens and warms the air before it
pass to the lungs?
A. Bronchi B. larynx
C. pharynx D. trachea
11. All of the following statements are true about the human circulatory system
EXCEPT
A. The atria pumps blood out of the heart.
B. Veins have thinner walls than arteries.
C. The blood carries gases, waste, and nutrients
D. Our heart rate/beat changes in response to our physical activity.
12. It is the breathing process that eliminates carbon dioxide in the body?
A. exhalation B. inhalation
C. inspiration D. respiration
13. In which chamber of the heart does oxygenated blood enter from the lungs?
A. left atrium B. left ventricle
C. right atrium D. right ventricle
14. Respiratory System : gasses; Circulatory System :________
A. blood B. carbon dioxide
C. oxygen D. red blood cells
15. Which statement is correct about pulmonary circulation?
A. Arteries carry only oxygenated blood.
B. Arteries carry only deoxygenated blood.
C. Both veins and arteries carry oxygenated blood.
D. Both veins and arteries carry deoxygenated blood
16. Air is pulled into the human respiratory tract mainly because of the volume
changes in the__.
A. alveoli B. bronchi
C. chest cavity C. diaphragm
17. The microscopic blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins.
A. arterioles B. venules
B. lymph vessels D. capillaries
18. The movement of blood through the heart and body is called
A. circulation B. excretion
C. locomotion D. ventriculation
19. When you inhale, your lungs…
A. deflate B. inflate
C. turn purple D. all of the above
20. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. The left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
B. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
C. The left ventricle pumps blood to the body including the lungs.
D. The right ventricle pumps blood to the body excluding the lungs.
21. The type of circulation that supplies blood to the lungs is
A. Coronary Circulation B. Portal Circulation
C. Pulmonary Circulation D. Renal Circulation
22. What produces systole blood pressure?
A. Contraction of the atria. B. Relaxation of the atria.
C. Contraction of the ventricles. D. Relaxation of the ventricles
23. Components of blood containing haemoglobin, transport oxygen throughout
the body.
A. platelets B. plasma
C. red blood cells D. white blood cells
24. The blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to
the lungs___.
A. pulmonary arteries B. pulmonary veins
C. capillaries D. B and C
25. Muscular organ hat pumped blood to all parts of the body___.
A. heart B. lungs
C. kidney D. stomach
26. The structure that receives air after the bronchioles is___.
A. alveolus B. bronchus
C. diaphragm C. all of the above
27. The organs involved in systemic circulation are
A. heart and lungs B. heart and liver
C. heart and kidneys D. heart and body organs including the lungs
28. A human heart has how many chambers?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
29. In which order does the blood pass from the body through the heart
chambers?
A. Left atrium – left ventricle – lungs – right atrium – right ventricle
B. Left atrium – right atrium – lungs – left ventricle – right ventricle
C. Right atrium – left atrium – lungs – right ventricle – left ventricle
D. Right atrium – right ventricle – lungs – left atrium – left ventricle
30. Air enters the human lungs because atmospheric pressure is___.
A. less than the pressure inside the lungs.
B. greater that the pressure inside the lungs.
C. cannot be determined
D. both A and B are correct.
 Additional Activities

Choose one from the following activities to be submitted to your teacher.

1. Make a jingle using your favorite tune. Make sure to use the concepts from your
lesson on how blood is pumped by the heart. Good luck!

2. On a plain apron or old plain shirt, create a model of the respiratory and
circulatory systems interacting to each other.

3. You can also create a poem or a song that represent the parts and function of
either circulatory or respiratory system or the two systems working together.
 What's More
Lesson 1.1
Act. 1.1
Part I
1. Nasal Cavity
2. Nose
3. Epiglottis
4. Larynx (voice box)
5. Lungs
6. Diaphragm
7. Pharynx (throat)
8. Trachea (windpipe)
30. B 9. Bronchioles
29. D 10. Bronchi
28. C 11. Alveoli
27. D Part II
26. A 1. air 2. oxygen
25. A 3. respiratory 4. inhalation A 30.
24. A 5. nose 6. pharynx B 29.
23. C 7. trachea 8. bronchi D 28.
22. D 9. lungs 10. blood B 27.
21. C 11. carbon dioxide 12. Exhalation C
A
26.
25.
20. B Activity 1.2 B 24.
19. B Breaths per B 23.
minute A 22.
Activities
18. A
C 21.
17. D (60 seconds) A 20.
16. C
Rest 15
D 19.
sitting
15. C B 18.
Moderate movement 22
14. A C 17.
walking
13. B C 16.
Exercise 40
12. A D 15.
jumping jack
A 14.
11. A C 13.
10. D A 12.
9. A Conclusion: D 11.
C 10.
8. A I, therefore conclude that as I put a lot of effort into B 9.
7. B doing physical activity the result increases. I also C 8.
6. A observed that as I do a faster movement, the more I D 7.
5. D need oxygen, the rate and depth breathing increases C 6.
4. D and heart rate becomes faster. A 5.
3. B A 4.
2. C
Lesson 1.2 C 3.
Act. 2.1 B 2.
1. B D 1.
1. Rubber sheet –diaphragm
Assessment Plastic bottle- chest cavity What I Know
2 balloons-left and right lungs
Answer Key
 What's More

2 plastic straw- left and right bronchi

2. Air rushes into the lungs (2 balloons).
Air rushes outside the lungs (2
balloons).
3. The contraction and relaxation of the
diaphragm cause the air to go in and
out of the lungs.
4. The balloon will not get enough air
similar with a damage lungs.
Act. 2.2
A. A. Inhale B. Exhale
B. 1. lungs, diaphragm
2. expand, in
3. reduced, out

Lesson 1.3
Act.3.1
1. nutrients 6. waste
2. oxygen 7. Bleeding
3. attack 8. oxygen
4. water 9. body
5. CO2 10. walls
Act.3.2
1. Superior vena cava 2. Pulmonary artery
3. Aorta 4. Pulmonary vein
5. Right atrium 6. Tricuspid valve
7. Inferior vena cava 8. Pulmonary valve
9. Right ventricle 10. Left atrium
11. Mitral valve 12. Aortic valve
13. Left ventricle 14. Septum
Guide Questions:
1. Aorta
2. Septum
3. Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava
4. Veins and Arteries
5. Valves
6. LA,RA,LVand RV
Act. 3.3
1. heart 2. Left ventricle
3. right ventricle 4. Right atrium
5. solid component of blood 6. Red blood cell
7. platelets 8. Blood vessels
9. arteries 10. plasma
 What's More

Lesson 1.4
Activity 4.1
1. Systemic Capillaries 2. Superior vena cava
3. Alveolar capillaries 4. Right atrium
5. Inferior vena cava 6. Right ventricle
7. Left ventricle 8. Left atrium
9. Pulmonary veins 10. Pulmonary artery
11. Aorta 12. Tissue Cells
Activity 4.2
Pulmonary Circulation
1. Superior vena cava 2. Inferior vena cava
3. Right atrium 4. Right ventricle
5. Alveolar capillaries 6. Left atrium
7. Pulmonary artery 8. Pulmonary vein
Systemic Circulation
1. Left ventricle 2. Aorta
2. Systemic capillaries 3. Tissue cells
4. Superior vena cava 4. Inferior vena cava
Guide Questions

1. Left ventricle, aorta, systemic capillaries, tissue cells, superior vena cava,
inferior vena cava (any 3)
2. Oxygenated blood
3. Left ventricle
4. Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, alveolar
capillaries, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein (any
3)
5. Superior vena cava & inferior vena cava
6. Lungs
Lesson 1.5
Activity 5.1
1. Superior Vena Cava 2. Pulmonary Artery
3. Pulmonary Vein 4. Bicuspid Valve
5. Aortic Valve 6. Left Ventricle
7. Right Ventricle 8. Left Atrium
9. Right Atrium 10. Aorta
11. Pulmonary Valve 12. Tricuspid Valve
13. Inferior vena cava
 What's More

Guide Questions
1. Left & Right atria (upper chambers), Left & Right ventricles
(lower chambers)
2. Tricuspid valve and bicuspid/mitral valve
3. Right atrium
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonary arteries
6. Pulmonary veins
7. Left atrium
8. Left ventricle
9. Aorta
10. deoxygenated blood (right chambers), oxygenated blood (left
Chamber)

Lesson 1.6
Activity 6.
Hi ! I’m bloo, a drop of blood. Come join me as I travel through
the capillaries of the body in a so called complete circulation.
Let’s start from the alveoli of the lungs, would you mind
helping me pick up my first load of oxygen? Well, that is actually
easy because oxygen simply diffuse to my red blood cells while
carbon dioxide is being unloaded through the same process. Having
a load of oxygen, we can go to the cells of the body and have it
delivered where they need it the most. Let’s go! First, to the
pulmonary veins, ooooooh, we’re now in the left atria, and to the left
ventricles we go oooops…the heart is pumping, pushing us out
weeeeeeeeeeee. Huh, we are now in the artery and tada! …different
body cells! hello! Here’s your dose of oxygen…ahhhh carbon dioxide
is riding with us in this capillary……hurry guys, let’s go back to the
heart so we can be pushed back to the lungs……this body is doing
some exercises and needs a lot of oxygen. To the veins, now in the
right atria, ventricles and weee the heart is pumping us to the lungs.
Thank you for joining me! I have to go and move quickly because If I
fail to supply the cells with oxygen, they may die, good bye for now
folks!
References

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