A

PROJECT REPORT
On
Fashion Hub
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

MASTERS OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

(Session 2017-2019)

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF NAME OF THE MEMBER

MUKTA MAM HIMANSHI 1707414915

DEWAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
(Affiliated to AKTU)

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 CONTENTS
● ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

● PREFACE

● OVERVIEW OF PROJECT.

●
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

● HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

● PROJECT ANALYSIS
✔ SDLC
✔ FEASIBILITY
● COMPONENT OF PHP/MYSQL
● DATA DESIGNING
✔ DFD
✔ ER DIAGRAM
● TABLE STRUCTURE(COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF DATABASE)
● FORM DESIGN
● CODING
● CONCLUSION & LIMITATION
● FUTURE SCOPE
● BIBLIOGRAHY

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project, a part of the curriculum of MCA Program is an assignment that
provided me an exposure to real life project development in a Government
environment. I would like to add a few deepest words for the people who
helped me in numerous ways in completing this project, and who gave the
incessant support right from the scratch of the project.
I thank Mr. RAJEEV KUMAR (H.O.D-MCA) gave me valuable inputs for
this Project. I thank my Project Guide KRISHNA MURARI for the
valuable guidance.
I express my deepest gratitude to, Project Coordinator MR.TARUN
AWASTHI of M.C.A Department, Dewan Institute of Management Studies,
Meerut, for his constant encouragement and support.

I also heartily thank my friends who were of immense support in

development of this project. I thank my batch mates for providing me the
moral support and wishes.
Last but not the least, I submit my thanks to my family who had provided
constant help and support in completing Project.

STUDENT NAME

1. HIMANSHI TOMAR

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 Overview of project
Web-Based Application Software with RDBMS:
 This System i.e. “
On-Line Shopping”
is a web based applicationsoftware which perform the activities like
 Administering, providinginformation to the shopping by the
remote system or through internet. The nature of this software
to handle a particular task that’s why it isthe category of application
software.This project falls under The Category of 
InternetTechnologies with RDBMS,
since the project is mainly for
providingon-line shopping of the different items. This project is util
izingRelational Databases as back-end. Having on-line services for 
theinterested user it has great demand in market. As we know thatIn
ternet is huge client-server architecture. The client is a web
browser;it is requesting a web based data, a file, or whatever, from
the severstaying anywhere in the world. Server is nothing the
service providerwhich provides services to the client. It holds
almost all the informationthat client side wants.I have uses .Net
framework to develop the software.Asp.Net is rich
set programming framework for building web-basedapplication. It 
offers amazing support to both developer andadministrator.

SDLC Introduction

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SDLC or Software Development Life Cycle deals with online programs
or computer software. Different types of designs were created to cater to
the need of individual programmers with different set of skills, demands
or business environment. As the name suggests, it is only limited to
creating software.

However, our world is not all about software. Everyday, we use the
internet and visit different websites to learn, to shop, to do business or
even have fun. And the development of a specific website is not just
writing anything in HTML with the hope that someone will visit and in
your end you will eventually through advertising sales or anything.

Website creation also takes planning and the good news is that SDLC
could also be applied to Web Development. Since there are so many
websites out there that also works as tools becoming online software, it
is no wonder why SDLC is also applicable in Web Development.

In this chapter we take a look at different factors and steps in applying

SDLC in Web Development. You will be able see how relevant a
website could be in developing software. Although they serve different
purpose, it is almost the same from the early stages. The only
differences are the actual application which we will look at them one by
one.

Factors in SDLC for Web Development will also be discussed in this

chapter. It should happen in an entirely different environment and there
are different players now that instead of creating software, it is now
focused on the creation of a fully functional website that has the ability
to earn, and inform it is intended audience.

There are different questions that will be asked as well as different

conclusions and results from these questions. Each factor will have a
deep influence in the outcome of the website and SDLC will carefully
outline their roles.

II. Factors

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To fully understand the factors that will affect web development in the
SDLC framework, we will be asking questions related to web
development. These questions
are:What? Why? Who? Where? When? How?

These are just simple questions but if you look at them deeper, you will
basically answer everything about the website before they are created.
These questions are arranged in a way as to how the website will be
built.

What? – The most basic of all questions. What kind of website? It all
starts with an idea of someone and eventually presenting them to their
fellow web designers. It does not really matter what as long as it
answers the next question that his/her fellow web designers will ask.
Why? – Although the answer “its cool” will work on fellow web
developers, it will never work in the eyes of everyone. Years ago, the
web is more of a fad rather than being put to better use. Now, we are
more than just connected, being online is our way of life. Most of the
time, the things that we need or know can be found online. If you
present a colorful website without purpose, you better forget it. You
have to give them a good reason why they have to visit your website.
Who? – Maybe you already know who will be spearheading the project
but you will need manpower especially when you are tackling a very
big project.
Where? – Although the office you will be using right now could be
your workspace for the coming months, it will probably take a lot more
space when everyone will start working on a website. This would
include facilities such as servers, additional computers, things and even
food space to support your hungry web developers.
When? – One of the most important aspect in website development in
terms of relating to marketers, tech bloggers or anyone who can make
the website a very popular one or something despicable. Time frame is
very important since an old adage “time is money” will still hold true.
Everyday you pay your developers and support staff to create a website.
How? – This part could be translated as in SDLC as the planning stage
which means everything has been set and everyone is ready to build a
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website. Languages and tools are now discussed by developers and they
are set to actually apply the concept.
{qbapagebreak title=SDLC Web Development Stages}

III. SDLC Web Development Stages

1. Analysis – If you translate this stage into one of the factors, this stage
answers the question of “what” and “why”. In regular SDLC, market
researchers will know what the community needs and will present the
information to developers. In this stage, approval of the project should
also be implemented.
2. Initial Design – Once the concept has been approved, it is time for
web designers and developers to work together create a design. This is
where the first seeds of website will be created. Constant revision
should be expected since developers are still brainstorming.
3. Design Approval – Of course, we need to have the approval of the
managers or even the company owner to move on. But this is also an
initial design except that the design should be more or less the same for
the developers to work on. Only additional features or “work around”
will be done in the website.
4. Web Development – This time, developers will work on the actual
function of the website. Although it is already an eye-candy for the
owner and different users, it is essentially a shell with limited features.
Constant development, review of function and constant revision are also
expected in this stage.
5. Prototype – Hopefully, by this time web developers and designers
will now come up with a fair representation of the website. Usually if a
website will be used for public use, it will be placed in closed alpha or
beta to control the number of users. This stage is aimed to gauge the
interest of those chosen to test the website.
If everything is good, the website will be going out of closed beta and
will now be on open beta stage to test if the website could handle such
traffic or if the website could handle thousands of users at the same
time. The hardware such as the server will also be tested at this stage.

6. Launching – Although a public beta is already an open invitation to

everyone, it is still buggy and revisions has to be done. But when

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 everything has been cleared out, it is now time to formally launch the
website, telling the world about a great new website that has been
developed for productive use. If the developing company or the funding
source is popular enough, it could even be placed under serious scrutiny
by different tech bloggers.
7. Maintenance – Just like in a software, the website should have their
own maintenance crew. However, they will not be actively looking for
bugs like in the beta version, but the crew will essentially be on a
passive mode and their functions could be limited to checking the
website and answering to problems instead of looking for them.
SDLC for Web Development is more or less the same. The players
might be a little bit different this time in web development but the
factors and stages are all the same. Although revision and change is
always a trait in a website since it can easily be changed, it is all geared
for better web development within the definition of SDLC.

OBJECTIVE OF THE
PROJECT

The Project entitled "FASHION HUB" is a web-based application Software

developed in PHP using J as front end on Pentium machine.

The main aim of "FASHION HUB" is to improve the services of Customers and
vendors. It maintains the details of customer payments, product receipts, addition of
new customers, products and also updating, deletion for the same. It also stores the
details of invoices generated by customer and payments made by them with all
Payments details like credit card.

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 The primary features of the project entitled "ONLINE SHOPPING" are high
accuracy, design flexibility and easy availability. And also it uses database tables
Representing entities and relationships between entities

OVERVIEW OF FASHION HUB SHOPPING

The central concept of the application is to allow the customer to shop virtually
using the Internet and allow customers to buy the items and articles of their desire from
the store. The information pertaining to the products are stores on an RDBMS at the
server side (store). The Server process the customers and the items are shipped to the
address submitted by them.

The application was designed into two modules first Os for the customers who
wish to buy the articles. Second is for the storekeepers who maintains and updates the
information pertaining to the articles and those of the customers?

The end user of this product is a departmental store where the application is
hosted on the web and the administrator maintains the database. The application which
is deployed at the customer database, the details of the items are brought forward from
the database for the customer view based on the selection through the menu and the
database of all the products are updated at the end of each transaction.

Data entry into the application can be done through various screens designed for
various levels of users. Once the authorized personnel feed the relevant data into the
system, several reports could be generated as per the security.

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 PROBLEM DEFINITION

To develop a web-based application to improve the service to the customers and

merchant which in turn increases the sales and profit in "ONLINE SHOPPING"

GOALS FOR THE SYSTEM AND THE PROJECT

The system is capable of maintaining details of various customers, vendors,

Products and storing all the day to day transactions such as generation of shipment
address bills, handling customers and product receipts, updating of stores.

CONSTRAINTS ON THE SYSTEM AND THE PROJECT

FASHION HUB is developed in PHP1.2.2 using XAMPP as front end and it

could run only on XAMPP and onward versions.

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 HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE : PENTIUM SERVER with Network

`` Of 586 Dx4 300Mhz.
8.3 GB HDD
64MB RAM.

SOFTWARE : PHP ,XAMPPSERVER ,

SQL SERVER ODBC.

OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS NT.

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PROJECT ANALYSIS

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SDLC

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SDLC

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 feasibility study regarding the
FASHION HUB
Technical:
The Online Shopping Via SMS: Computer Parts and Accessories is a new
feature that we are proposing to the Armenia’s Internet Café. Since we are
offering that the computer parts and accessories of the Armenia’s Internet Café
will be online, they are required to have a PC (admin) with an Internet
connection and a database system for the products and customer’s information.
Through the Internet, they will also be required to have a website with a
domain name itself. The PC (admin) and the domain name alone, of course,
require some sort of financial support. If those two requirements would be
realized, then a new website is to be built with interface selling the computer
parts and accessories that is now online. It provides an interface for the user
(customer) registration and fills up all the information needed. The mobile
phone number is also needed to be fills up. All of that data will then be going
to the PC (admin). So if they will be visiting the site again, they would have
just to log in and would not be registering anymore. 
It’s up to the user (customer) if he had selected an item. He would be clicking
the interface with the “buy” button. Informing the admin that someone is
willing to buy that item. By that, a transaction between the customer and the
admin will begin. The user (customer) will have a down payment of 20%,
since cash will be given upon the delivery of materials so that there will be no
fraud between the customer and the admin would arise. Transaction will now
go to the payment as well as the shipping process. The customer will have his
money be deposited in the Armenia’s bank account or through ML Kwarta
Padala provided that the item selected is also delivered by the Armenia
through LBC. If the destination or customer’s address is near, maybe a person
will be in charge for that matter. Through the transaction, the latter should be
realized introducing now our new feature we offered, and that is the mobile
phone. The update of the items selected and the transaction process as well, is
through the use of mobile phone especially if the user (customer) is now not
online. The admin can still communicate him via SMS. 

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If all of that would be realized, a benefit of the user (customer) would be met.
As well as the benefit of the Armenia’s Internet Café would be great since
their production would increase and the high-technology we have, as of this
moment had been used. 
Therefore, our system is technically possible.

Financial: 

This system is very affordable for there’s no materials needed. It only uses a
computer with an Internet connection and you must have your own website for
you to publish to the world the items purchased. To have a website, you must
have a domain name first, and in that sense it is then very affordable. It is not
even one-third of your income if you have it. Also the mobile phone as of this
moment is also cheap but in that matter it’s the customer’s responsibility.

Expenditures:
Terms specification and prices:
Personal Computer (admin)
………………………………………………….20, 000.00
Domain
Name………………………………………………………………………….1,
500.00
Delivery Expense (optional)……………………………………
…………………..500.00
Supplies Expense (receipts, bond paper and etc.)…………………......500.00

_________________
Totals……………………………………………………………………………
….. 22,500.00 
As I’ve mentioned earlier, the mobile phone is excluded for it will be the

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 customer’s asset. Also the payment for the Internet Connection would not be
counted since Armenia is an Internet Café already. The payment matter is not
also included for the Armenia has its own bank account. Then the delivery
expense will just be counted if and only if the shipping destination is in the
remote areas. Lastly, the supplies expense is counted since this will be used
and serve a transaction’s formality.
Our system offers less expenses of money. 
Therefore, it is very affordable and the Armenia’s Internet Café would have no
way to disregard our proposal otherwise they would regret.

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19
 SERVLETS:

Client and Servers

To understand the World Wide Web and Server Side programming must
understand the division between Web clients and Web servers and how HTTP facilities
the interaction between the two. Putting in simple words, a server handles request
from various clients. For example, suppose you are using a word processing program
to edit files on another compute. Your computer would be the client because it is
requesting the files from another computer. The other computer would be the server
because it is handling your computer's request. With networked computers, clients and
servers are very common. A server typically runs on a different machine than the
client, although this not always the case. The interaction between the two usually
begins on the client side. The client software request an object or transaction from the
server software, which either handles the request an object or transaction from the
server software, which either handles the request or denies it. If the request is handled,
the object is sent back to the client software. On the World Wide Web server are
known as webservers, and clients are known as Webbrowsers. Web browser’s request
documents from web servers, allowing you to view documents on the World Wide
Web. Some of the most common browsers are Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer,
and NCA's Mosaic. Like most software companies that distribute Web Browsers, these
companies also distribute Web server software (in our case we uses JWS Java Web
Browser). The process of viewing a document on the web starts when a web browser

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sends a request to web server in http request headers. The Web server receives and
views the http request headers for any relevant information, such as the name of the file
being requested, and sends back the file with HTTP response headers. The web
browser then uses the HTTP response headers to determine how to display the file or
data being returned by the web server.
In the case of Servlets we would refer to a URL with a default port at 8080. If
the above said server are Java Enabled Web Severs. HTTP is defaulted at port 80 and
in case of Servlets it is defaulted at 8080 that could be changed.

WHY USE SERVLETS?

You may have noticed that the preceding CGI example could just as easily been
a simple HTML file. In fact, you don't gain advantage from making it a server side
script. So why use any server side scripting? Well, for the preceding example, you
wouldn't. It is just a simple example CGI script. As you learn Servlets, however, you
will see that it allows you to extend the functionality of Web documents to produce
dynamic and interactive pages.

1.An Invitation to Servlets:

This session provides answer to the questions "What is Servlets" shows typical
uses for Servlets. It also gives a quick introduction to HTTP and its implementation in
the HttpSetvlet class.

What is Servlets?

Servlets are modules of php code that run in a server application to answer client
requests. Servlets are not tied to a specific client-server protocol but they are most
commonly used with Http and the word "SERVLET" is often used in the meaning of
"HTTP Servlets".

Servlets make use of the php standard extension classes in the packages .php
servlet and localhost (extension of the Servlets framework for Servlets that answer
HTTP requests). Since Servlets are written in the highly portable Java Language and
follow a standard framework, they provide a means to create server extensions in a
server and operating system independent way.
Typical uses for HTTP Servlets include:
● Processing and/or storing data submitted an HTML form.
● Providing synergic content, e.g. returning the results of a database query to the

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client.
● Managing state information on top of the stateless HTTP, e.g. for an online
shopping chart system which manages shopping charts for many concurrent customers
and maps every request to the right customer.

The Servlet Environment:

Inter-Servlet communication

The inter Servlet communication method which is described in this section can
only be used with Servlet engines which implement version 1.0 or 2.0 of the Servlet
API. It will not work with Servlet engines, which comply strictly, to version 2.1

Servlets are not alone in a web server. They have access to other Servlets in the
same Servlet context (usually a Servlet directory), represented by an instance of
javax.servlet.servletContext. The Servlet Context is available through the Servlet
Config object's get Servlet context method.

A Servlet can get a list of all othg3r Servlets in the Servlet context by calling get
Servlet Names on the Servlet Context object. A Servlet for a known name (probably
obtained through getServletNames) is returned by getServlet. Note that this method
can throw a ServletException because it may need to load and initialize the requested
ServletException if this was not already done.

After obtaining the reference to another Servlet that Servlets methods can be
called. Methods, which are not declared in javax.servlet.Servelet but in a subclass
thereof can, called by casting the returned object to the required class type.

Note that in Java the identity of a class is not only defined by the class name but
also by the Class Loader by which it was loaded. Web servers usually load each
Servlet with a different class loader. This is necessary to reload Servlets on the fly
because single classes cannot be replaced in the running JVM. Only a classloader
object with all loaded classes can be replaced.

This means that classes, which are loaded by a Servlet class loader, cannot be
used for inter-Servlet communication. A class literal FooServlet (as used in a type cast
like "FooServlet foo ((FooServlet) context.getServlet ("FooServlet")") which is used in
class BarServlet is different from the class literal FooServlet as used in FooServlet
itself.

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 A way to overcome 5this problem is using a supercalss or and interface which is
loaded by the system loader and thus shared by all Servlets. In a Web Server, which is
written in Java, these classes are usually located in the class path (as defined by the
CLASSPATH environment variable)

INTRODUCTION TO HTML

WHAT IS World Wide Web?

The World Wide Web is a network of information resources. The web realize on
three mechanism to make the resources readily available to the widest possible
audience:

1. A Uniform name is scheme for locating resources on the web (E.g.: - URLs)

2. Protocols, for access to named resources over the web (E.g.: - http).

3. Hypertext, for easy navigation among resources (E.g.: - HTML)

The ties between the three mechanisms are apparent throughout this
specification.

Introduction to URLs

Every resource available on the web-TML document, image, video clips,

program, etc.
Has an address that may be an encoded by a Uniform Resource Locator, or
"URL"

URLs typically consist of three pieces:

1. The naming scheme of the mechanism used to access the resource.

2. The name of the machine hosting the resource.

3. The name of the resource itself, given as a path.

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 Consider the URL that designates the current html specification:
http://www.w3.org//TR/Pr-html4/cover.html

This URL may be read as follows:

They’re a document available via an http protocol, residing on the machine

www.w3.org
Accessible Via the path" TR/Pr-html4/cover.html". Other schemes you may see
in HTML documents include "mailto " for E-mail and FTP for FTP. Here is another
example if a URL.This one refers to a User's mailbox:
This is text....

For all comments, please send E-mail to

<A href="mailto:Joe@ omeplace.com> JoeCool</a>.

Fragment Identifiers

Some URLs refer to a location within a resource. This kind of URL ends with
"#" followed by an anchor identifier (called the "fragment identifier").

Relative URLs

A relative URL doesn't contain any naming scheme information. Its path
generally refers to a resource on the same on the same machine as the current
document. Relative URLs may contain relative path components (".." means one level
up in the hierarchy defined by the path), and may contain fragment identifiers.

Relative URLs are resolved to full URLs using a base URL. As an example of
relative URL resolution, assume we have the base URL
http://www.ame.com/support/intro.html. The relative URL in the following markup for
a hypertext link:

<A href="supplies.html"> Supplies </a>

In HTML, URLs play a role in these situations:

● Linking to another document or resource.

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● Linking to an external style sheet for inclusion in a page.
● Images objects and applets for inclusion in a page.
● Image maps.
● Form submission
● Frames
● Citing an external reference.
● Referring to metadata conventions describing a document.

What is HTML?

To publish information for global distribution, one needs a universally

understood language, a kind of publishing mother tongue that all computers may
potentially understand. The publishing language used by the World Web is HTML
(from HyperTextMarkupLanguage).

COMPONENTS OF WWW: -

WEBPAGE: -

The part of the Web the user sees the front-end" is known as a Web page, made
up of links, images, navigation tools text, etc. Web documents are files of information
residing at a Web site. These documents are usually coded in
HyperTextMarkupLanguage (HTML)

HOME PAGE: -

Home page is the first page of web documents. Home page is the entry point for
that particular WWW site. Also, home page is the page a browser loads. Every
browser has its own home page. However, the default homepage for a browser can be
changed.

LINK: -

A link can be anything on a page such as text or graphics, is a gateway to

another page within the sight, sore to an entirely different site.

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 WEB SITES: -

A group of related pages is a site. They are the pages to go on he Web.

Companies, Government agencies, institutions, individuals, etc maintain the web sites.

WEB SERVERS: -

Web sites are housed on a server, which is a computer design to "serve" the file
up to the user in a proper format. It is also refer to as the "Back-end" and is actually
software that runs at a web site and returns web documents upon request by the web
browser. Servers run all the time and wait for users to request information.
The web gets its name, in fact, from the interdependent network of server’s
worldwide. The user's computer is a terminal, or end point, in this network.

HEPERTEXT: -

The operation web realizes on hypertext as its means of interacting with users.
Hypertext is basically the same regular text-it can be stored read, searched or edited-
with an important extension: Hypertext contains connections with in the text to other
documents. This new text would themselves have links and a connection to others
documents. Continually selecting Hypertext is like taking a free-associative tool of
information. In this way, hypertext links, called hyper links, can create a complex
virtual web of connections.

GATEWAY PROGRAMS: -

Programs that accept and process request from a web server and generate new
web pages. These programs add a new level of interactivity on the web not possible by
simple HTML documents. These programs usually handle requests to run a certain
program or access information from a database.

PROTOCAL: -

A protocol is a set of rules for two computers to use when transferring data.
While the World Wide Web encompasses previously existing protocols such as
GOPHER and FTP, also critical to the WWW proposal was the development of new
protocol, especially design for the needs of a distributed hypertext system. It is a fast,
stateless, object oriented protocol called hypertext transfer Protocol

26
 Maintenance and Enhancement

AS the number of computer based systems, grieve libraries of computer software

began to expand. In house developed projects produced tones of thousand soft program
source statements. Software products purchased from the outside added hundreds of
thousands of new statements. A dark cloud appeared on the horizon. All of these
programs, all of those source statements-had to be corrected when false were detected,
modified as user requirements changed, or adapted to new hardware that was
purchased. These activities were collectively called software Maintenance.

The maintenance phase focuses on change that is associated with error

correction, adaptations required as the software's environment evolves, and changes

27
due to enhancements brought about by changing customer requirements. Four types of
changes are encountered during the maintenance phase.

Correction
Adaptation
Enhancement
Prevention

Correction:
Even with the best quality assurance activities is lightly that the customer will
uncover defects in the software. Corrective maintenance changes the software to
correct defects.
Maintenance is a set of software Engineering activities that occur after software
has been delivered to the customer and put into operation. Software configuration
management is a set of tracking and control activities that began when a software
project begins and terminates only when the software is taken out of the operation.

We may define maintenance by describing four activities that are undertaken

after a program is released for use:

Corrective Maintenance
Adaptive Maintenance
Perfective Maintenance or Enhancement
Preventive maintenance or reengineering

Only about 20 percent of all maintenance work are spent "fixing mistakes". The
remaining 80 percent are spent adapting existing systems to changes in their external
environment, making .enhancements requested by users, and reengineering an
application for use.

ADAPTATION:

Over time, the original environment (E>G., CPU, operating system, business
rules, external product characteristics) for which the software was developed is likely
to change. Adaptive maintenance results in modification to the software to
accommodate change to its external environment.

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 ENHANCEMENT:

As software is used, the customer/user will recognize additional functions that

will provide benefit. Perceptive maintenance extends the software beyond its original
function requirements.

PREVENTION:

Computer software deteriorates due to change, and because of this, preventive

maintenance, often called software re engineering, must be conducted to enable the
software to serve the needs of its end users. In essence, preventive maintenance makes
changes to computer programs so that they can be more easily corrected, adapted, and
enhanced. Software configuration management (SCM) is an umbrella activity that is
applied throughout the software process. SCM activities are developed to

Identify change.
Control chug.

Ensure that change is being properly implemented.

Report change to others that may have an interest.

DATA DESIGNING

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DFD(DATA FLOW DIAGRAM)

Data flow diagrams (DFDs) reveal relationships among and

between the various components in a program or system. DFDs
are an important technique for modeling a system’s high-level

30
detail by showing how input data is transformed to output
results through a sequence of functional transformations.
ConceptDraw PRO allows you to draw a simple and clear
example of DFD for Online Store using special libraries,
provided by Data Flow Diagrams Solution:
▪ Data flow diagram (DFD) library contains 15 symbols for
drawing both context-level data flow diagram and Level 1
DFD.
▪ DFD, Gane-Sarson notation library contains 12 symbols of
Gane-Sarson DFD notation.
▪ DFD, Yourdon and Coad notation library contains 22
symbols of Yourdon/DeMarco DFD notation.

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Pic 1. Data Flow Diagram solution
This example was created in ConceptDraw PRO diagramming
and vector drawing software using the Data Flow
Diagrams Solution from the Software Development area of
ConceptDraw Solution Park.
This example shows the Data Flow Diagram for online
store and interactions between the Visitors, Customers and
Sellers, as well as Website Information and User databases.

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Pic 2. Data Flow Diagram for Online Store
Using the vector stencils libraries of the Data Flow Diagrams
Solution for ConceptDraw PRO you can create your own
professional Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) quick and easy.

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ER DIAGRAM

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TABLES

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 Table Name: PRODUCT

-----------------------------------------------------
Column Name Type
-----------------------------------------------------
Product Id Int
Product Name Varchar
Product Type Varchar
UnitPrice Float
Quantity Varchar
Units in stock Int
Units on Order Int
-----------------------------------------------------

Table Name: CUSTOMER

------------------------------------------------Column Name
Type
------------------------------------------------
Order Number Int
Order Date Date
CustomerName Varchar
BillAddress Varchar
ShippingAddress Varchar
PhoneNumber Varchar
Email-Id Varchar
Amount Float
Shipped Status Varchar
------------------------------------------

Table Name: PRODTABLE

------------------------------------------------Column Name
Type
------------------------------------------------
ProdId Int

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ProductName Varchar
Price Float

------------------------------------------------

Table Name: CREDITCARD

------------------------------------------------
Column Name Type
------------------------------------------------
CardType Varchar
CardNumber Varchar

------------------------------------------------

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FORM DESIGN

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FORM DESIGN

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CODING

42
 
There exists a lot more screenshots for this project which we are not
showing them all. You can download the source code from below link
and check them out.

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CONCLUSION &
LIMITATION

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 CONCLUSION
The central concept of the application is to allow the customer to shop virtually
using the Internet and allow customers to buy the items and articles of their desire from
the store. The information pertaining to the products are stores on an RDBMS at the
server side (store). The Server process the customers and the items are shipped to the
address submitted by them.
The application was designed into two modules first Os for the customers who
wish to buy the articles. Second is for the storekeepers who maintains and updates the
information pertaining to the articles and those of the customers?
The end user of this product is a departmental store where the application is
hosted on the web and the administrator maintains the database. The application which
is deployed at the customer database, the details of the items are brought forward from
the database for the customer view based on the selection through the menu and the
database of all the products are updated at the end of each transaction.

Data entry into the application can be done through various screens designed for
various levels of users. Once the authorized personnel feed the relevant data into the
system, several reports could be generated as per the requirements.
This system offers information relevant to the user accessing the application thus
avoiding unnecessary overloading and at the same time maintaining the security.

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FUTURE SCOPE

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FUTURE SCOPE
The findings of the work are as follows: I. Marketers are often interested in attracting not just brand users,
but perhaps more importantly, those who consistently purchase the company’s brand. In the context of
retailing, this means identifying and attracting regular visitors and buyers at a retail store. Using the
Data-mining technique of Two-step clustering, this study, in the context of grocery shopping, has identified
two clusters from customer data based on loyalty behavior in order to achieve the first objective. Customers’
loyalty behavior was measured with a set of standard questions based on all possible dimensions of
customer loyalty as a construct. The loyalty questions are as follows: 143 • I think myself as a loyal
customer of this store (measures intention) • I recommend this store to my family and
friends(recommendation behavior) • I make a special effort to shop at this store(strength of patronage) • A
large majority of my grocery purchases are from this store (degree of patronage). II. In the second objective,
the two clusters i.e. Store Loyals and Store Non-loyals have been profiled on the basis of demographics and
shopping behavior. Interestingly loyal shoppers have been profiled as females across all age groups. The

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reason for this could be that since females are considered to be ‘primarily’ responsible for preparation of
food, grocery shopping becomes a ‘routine’ affair. Consequently, they may have fixed vendors, whom;
perhaps, they even recognize by name and also have some personal rapport. Store loyals are also likely to be
housewives (homemakers) or retired individuals. Shoppers with lesser incomes (less than Rs 20000 per
month) and lesser education levels are also likely to be store loyals. This also seems logical. In India, a
majority of women, after marriage, become homemakers. In fact, a few also quit their jobs to tend to family
and kids. Women are also comparatively lesser educated. Loyals also end up spending more and also make
several shopping trips, which reflect not only their loyalty but also shows that they have a more positive
attitude towards shopping as an activity. On the other hand, store non-loyals are most likely to be males
across all age groups. They are generally self-employed or in service or students. Store non-loyals are also
comparatively better educated and have higher incomes (more than Rs 20,000). They also spend less on
groceries and make fewer trips to the market-place. This also seems logical, as men are more likely to make
grocery purchase at their convenience and would most likely play second fiddle to their spouse. Men, in the
Indian context, are also relatively more educated compared to women, and consequently have higher
incomes. III. In the third objective, the task is to identify grocery store images, based on shoppers’
perception of various store attributes. Grocery Store Imges are a mix of functional and psychological
attributes of a grocery retail outlet. Functional attributes include 144 merchandise selection, price ranges,
credit policies, tore layout and other factors that can be measured to some degree and used to compare one
outlet objectively with its competitors. Psychological attributes include objective considerations as a sense
of belonging, a feeling of warmth, or friendliness, or a feeling of excitement [95]. The data mining technique
used here is the principal component analysis in factor analysis. It is a data reduction technique which leads
to the emergence of reduced set of factors and also factor scores that will subsequently be used in regression
analysis. A total of 23 store attributes have been included in the questionnaire. These attributes have been
taken from the “CONSUMER RETAIL STORE IMAGE SCALE” developed by Dickson & Albaum (1997)
[43]. The 23 store attributes included in the study are: Store advertisements, quality of merchandise, Store
Layout, Fresh products, National Brands availability, Quality of Store Brands (PLs-Private Labels), Low
Prices, Promotional Schemes, Location of store, Number of salesmen, Services provided, Sales return
policy, Variety of merchandise, Spacious store, Clean store, Fast check-out, Attractive visual-display, easy to
search goods, attractive loyalty-card, ample parking space, acceptance of credit / debit card, one-stop
shopping facility and Air Conditioning. After subjecting these 23 attributes to factor analysis, 6 factors or
dimensions emerged, and they have been named based on the types of attributes that have converged to form
a particular factor / dimension. The following six factors are described as follows: Factor 1- Store Ambience
and Layout: This dimension is catching up especially in metros where consumers are increasingly seen
thronging modern retail stores and malls. Modern retailers such as Reliance Fresh, More, Easy Day, Big
Bazaar etc. seem to invest a good deal in Store ambience. Factor 2- Service and Loyalty Schemes: Prompt
service, problem solving, return of goods and loyalty schemes have always been important to consumers.
Offering loyalty schemes enables retailers to pre-empt attractions from competitors. Services combined with
attractive offers can ensure long term store loyalty. 145 Factor 3- Price and Quality: This dimension includes
variables such as store reputation, quality products, fresh products, low prices and value for money. Pricing
and quality related store attributes ensure long-term sustainable customer loyalty. It is also very interesting
and logical that consumers have chosen to consider all of these attributes and a single dimension. Factor 4-
One Stop Shopping: Availability of different popular brands, good quality store and availability of several
products under one roof ensures that the modern consumer can shop at the same store and not move around
several stores to buy merchandise. This is the modern consumer who likes visiting large super markets,
hypermarkets and shopping malls. This consumer seems hard pressed for time. Factor 5- Convenience: For
today’s grocery shopper convenience includes easy location, easy payment options and comfortable parking.
These attributes converging into one single dimension prove that convenience is a very important dimension
and grocery retailers must incorporate this in their overall retail strategy. Factor 6- Salesmen: This is an
important attribute and salesmen play a pivotal role in making the shopping environment friendly and
personalized. Even in modern stores, where self-service is the norm, salesmen can be helpful without being
obtrusive and at the same time can ensure enduring relationships between customers and the store. IV. The
six factors i.e. Store Ambience and Layout, Service and Loyalty Schemes, Price and Quality, One Stop
Shopping, Convenience and Salesmen are now subject to regression analysis and become the predictor
(independent) variables to predict store loyalty (the dependent/ criterion variable). The final predictive

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model of customer store choice/ store loyalty for grocery shopping is derived as follows: Store Loyalty =
4.867 + .236*Ambience + .533*Service + .566*Price + .342*OSS + .449 *Convenience + .151*Salesmen
146 The regression model accepted all the independent variables as significant predictors of store loyalty.
However, in decreasing order, the most important variables are mentioned as follows: Price, Service,
Convenience, One-stop-shopping, Ambience and Salesman. 6.2.2 Recommendations Based on the findings,
the following are the recommendations to grocery retailers: • The number of trips that customers make is the
most important & significant variable in profiling & differentiating loyal shoppers from non-loyal shoppers.
This means that retailers need to ensure that the customers make repeat visits to their stores. Retailers must
ensure that they maintain some novelty through new products, new schemes etc. which motivates customers
to make repeat visits. • Less educated shoppers generally become more loyal shoppers, but better educated
shoppers also need to be targeted by using innovative strategies. For instance, retailers can display the
ingredients and health benefits of their food-based merchandise. They can also promote & sponsor health
and fitness promotional campaigns to convert better educated customers into loyal customers. Organic
products can also be promoted to cater to this niche. • Store loyalty also seems to take a dip with rising
incomes. Customers with higher incomes have more money to splurge. Hence, they tend to visit more stores
for variety and novelty. Keeping this in consideration, retailers should keep a wide variety of products. They
could have a dedicated section, for high-end (perhaps imported / exotic) products. The high-end section
could have a trained salesperson and the ambience of this section could be such so as to communicate the
‘premium’ image. • Since, females are considered more loyal customers of grocery retail stores, retailers
should devise strategies to attract more and more males. Males comprise a larger segment and retailers need
to ensure they make shopping interest

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:
● Software engineering by Roger s. Pressman.
● An Introduction To Database Systems by kourth.
Bipin C Desai
● Java book by Black book.
● Java book by E Balagurusamy.
● www.snapdeal.com
● www.voonik.com
● www.homeshop18.com
● www.fashionandyou.com

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