HUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bién soan: Lé Thai Bédo- Cao Nhu Dat . Chuwong II. KHONG GIAN VECTOR, Bail. aa) Nhan xét (k, + k,).(.5 y32) =([kj = (lhl =>V khong 1a khong gian vector. ky +k) slkiLy + lkalystale Kale) = (a3 952) #4 (5 952), b) + (V.+) 1a mot nhom giao hodn + (ax) +(v.92)]=(at yf tot) =e (ies) +h (2) )+k(y.95) + (+E) (n)=(orat*) (x. + &(a(%8))=(k + La, 5 3 =>V lam6t khong gian vector. ze a2 Bai2. Ss g8 a) Xét 1, a8 53 2 Sy $y =(4, FYB HIE EYEE g 23 Do 2(4, + 9) -5(% + y2)+3(a5 +93) =[24, ~Sxz +3] +[2y, —5y2 +3y,]=0 eR thi ku, cE do k(23,—Sx, +3x,)=0 > E lKGVT concta R’. b) PP, c6hé s6 bic nhat bing 0 P,P, c6 hé sé bac nhat bing) —> { KP, ch s6 bac nhat bang 0 Vke R => Tap cc da thite c6 hé so bac nhat bing 0 cia P,[x] 1A KGVT con cia P, [x]. c, d.e) CMTT giéng a,b. p+qeW; Vp.geW kp eW; WkeR, peW Neghitm cd cdc qudn photo sit dung cdc tle do BKOST bién soan dé ban khi chwa duege su dong ¥. (Can chi ra { thi W 1a KGVT con sinh bai V ).HUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bién soan: Lé Thi Béo- Cao Nhw Dat Bai3. fuvev, furvey, a uVEMM =H ev, > SutveVav, wvev, utveV, uel, keR>ku eV, tuong tu ku eV, > keV, AW, Do dé ¥, AV, lu KGVT con cia V. u Drmrenei of (u,+¥, €V,, uy +¥; €V,) v Sutv=(uty) +m tnjey tvs # ku = kay, +ku, eV, +V; (do ku, €V,, ku, €V,) > V,+V, lAKGVT concta V- Bai4. =] V,, V, bi nhau =V, +V, =V; V, AV; = {0} >We thi v=v,+y, (1 eV, v eV) vi Gia sir biéu dign nay khong duy nhit > v=v,+v, =v, +v, (f 4, >y- Ma v,-¥; €V,, ¥) -v, €V, => V, AV, + {0} (mau thuan) => biéu dién duy nhat. Do moi vector uw €V déu biéu dién duge dudi dang u=u,+u, (u, €V,, u, €V,) >V=V,+y, x +0 (mau thuan tinh duy nhat) Vay ta 06 dpem. Bais. (aj stey sss tlystly.y) phu thude tuyén tink Nghiém céim ede quan photo ste dung cde 1a liéu do BKOST bién soan dé bin khi chuea dieoe swe dong ¥. bkkhongsotach.edu.vn i SE jgu kha hoc Bai 1HUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bién soan: Lé Thi Bédo- Cao Nhu Dat 025 ku, =0> (uu, Néu k,., (,} phy thudc tuyén tinh (mau thudn) 3h. 40> Tic la w,_, 1a to hop tuyén tinh cla u,,u. Bais. Xét weW, +W, u=ul tu! (ul eW, uh eW,) MA {¥,,¥,.5¥,} lihé sinh ctia W, => 3k, sy ky, (Xk #0) Tuong wt 3e,:01= Sen, (Nei +0) =u dew, eam, (EELS 0) = lyre yy.9tt,} 1ahé sinh ctia W, +, Bai7. a) v, 3 , => {v,,.v,} phu thudc tyén tinh, 2 3 =| b)]3 1 3|=-940= hé {u,y,,»,} Adc lap tuyén tinh. H1 5 4 ©) Do ¥,,v,,¥,,¥, déu thude khong gian vector R*. Ma dim R® =3 nén hé 4 vector bat ky luda phy thudc tuyén tinh = {vj.¥5.5.04} phu thudc tuyén tinh. Bais. Goi A la matrin cia B déi véi co sé chinh thite {1;1;x"} cia P [x] 2 =-A=|/2 3-1], detA=-240= B déc lap tuyén tinh. 11 Nghiém céim ede quan photo ste dung cde 1a liéu do BKOST bién soan dé bin khi chuea dieoe swe dong ¥. bkkhongsotach.edu.vn 6 Fa 3 re 8. 2 khéa igu TiHUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bién soan: Lé Thi Bédo- Cao Nhu Dat Bai9. ay Taco fl 1 | 24 -1#0=> hé vecior {v,,¥,,¥,} dc lip wyén tinh MA dim[] *=3={y,,v,,v,} Ico sécila R°. Ma tran chuyén co so tir chinh tac sang {v,,v,,v,} 1a: Nee * Tim toa dé cia x=(6:9:14) déi vai co so {v,.v,.v,} =B latb+c=6 ay,+by, tev, 2 a+b+2e=9 <>(a,b.c)=(12,3) Ja+2b+3e=14 5 5 1 3 3 >[],=}2]- £ 3 g : 8 11 iy'fo] fi i Céch 2: [x], =C*[x],=|1 1 2) | 9]=/2 2 12 3) [14] [3 3 Bai 10. 2 6 7 a) | 2 O=-28+0= B doc lap tuyén tinh > B li cosé cua 1 0 7| B], [v], CE Ico sé chinh tic, [B], 1 ma trin chuyén co sé tir E sang B) 6 7'pisy [A 2 of {3|-)1y4]. 07 "1% lo b) | ql -S20=B lacoséciia R’. een 1 Nghiém cém ede quan photo ste dung cde 1ai liéu do BKOST bién soan dé bin khi chuea dieoe swe dong ¥.HUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bién soan: Lé Thai Béo- Cao Nhu Dat 0 2 17'f2] fo f],-[20-P]-|1 3 0) 43}-)1]- 101) |o| |o Baill. 1100 . . o110 a) Ma tan toa 69 cia B di véi co sochinhtéc F 1a B=] 9 1 0001 do det 8, =1=>B doc lap tuyén tinh > B la co so cua [x] 110 oy" [2] [-4 I 0110} |3|/\6 PB P=] 9 1 4 = ooo1) L2}l2 11.0 Of'fa,] fl -1 1 -1]fa, apy JO 110) Ja} jor a tila, OPL=FPle=lo 9 11 a! lo 0 1 -1[a, 00041] la} loo 0 1}la 4, Bai 12. w espan{u,,t,,U,} > 3%,,%,,%, thoa man w= xu AM, +X x, -2x, +2, =1 3x, 43x +3, -2r, + +0, Xtxtmem cd nghiém khong tam thudng. 1-2 2a 1221) yp —|3 3 y-1) jo 9 Xa As| "to slo 3 af -1 || E724 74 11 afm] fo 3 =)majle-ho% 1-2 2) 1 |? 9-5 -4 Crear or) 0 0 2) -21 | lon.-32 94, 0 0 6| 9m+3 Nghiém edm cde qudn photo sir dung cde 1 lieu do BKOST bién soan dé ban khi chwa duege su dong ¥. su khéa hoc Dai SO bkkhongsotach.edu.vnHUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bién soan: Lé Thi Béo- Cao Nhu Dat 12 2 1 09 -5 4 21L,-6 L, lo 0 21 -21 (2Ly~6l, -> Ls) 0 0 0) 21(9m+3)+216 HG c6 nghiém khong tam thuong <> 21(9m+9)=0.> m=-1. Bai 13. a) Ma tran A ciia hé {7,,V;,¥;,v,} d6i vi co so chinh tac 1a 10 2-1) fi 0 2 -1) f1 0 2 -) f10 2 - o 111} jor 1 1} fora tf fora 1 Az > > >| 1-10 -1|"|o -1 -2 0} "joo -1 1] "Joo + 1 123 2} |[o 2 1 3} joo -1 1] joo 0 0 Vay r(A)=3 hay hang cia hé vecto {v,,v,,¥,,V,} 123. b) Xét ma tran toa d6 hing: 101 1) f10 1 4) f1 01 1] fio 1 1 1-12] joa -1 2} jo -1 2] Jor a 2 3 2 21 0 3] jo 1 2 1) "Joo 1 a) 7/0 o a -1 1-1 2} [o 1 0 3} [oo 1 1J loo o o = Métco so cia span{y,.v,,v.¥,} 1a {(1+x° 4°) ;(x— Bail4. a) Ma tran toa d6 hing 213 4) f1 201 12 1 12.0 1]4)2 1 3 4}/(LeL)>|0 3 3 -11 3 0) [4130 03°31 1201 s/o -3 3 2] (L+L 24) 00 03 SdimV =3, co so {(1;2;0;1);(0.-3;3:2);(0:0;0,3)} Nghiém edm cde qudn photo sir dung cde 1 lieu do BKOST bién soan dé ban khi chwa duege su dong ¥. 5 5 3 3 @ $ g 8B 2 8 2 = z a © a e 3 8 8 2 5 8 2 2HUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bién soan: Lé Thi Bédo- Cao Nhu Dat 2013-1) f2 0 1 3 - wih EO 1] jo 2 1-5 3] b-hok o 21 5 3/"|o 21 5 -3/ lan-LoL, 1-329 -s} |o 6 3 15 -9 20 1 3 =! 4/0 2 15 3|(b+hok 000 0 Of \4y+3L,34, 000 0 0 => dimV =2, cosa {(2;0;1;3;-1);(0;2;-b-5;3)}. Bai 15. a) span{u,t,1,.1,} =V, +V, 1010 1010 1010 10 10 ol-1t o1-1t ol rt orld > > > 1112 o1 02 oo1t oo. oo... oo1t oo1d 00 0 0 = dim span {u,,1,,,,u,} = dimV, +V, =3, co s6 {(1;0:1:0);(0:1—K1);(0:0:51)} b) Xét we VA, = Basa ayia ue =e ae Sil Fly my + xy ge — xy, =0 fe -x,=0 a J2%s x - 2x, — = u=3,(u, +m) =%,-(l:s10;-1) =>diml, +V, =1, co sir {(1515:0:1)} . Bail6. W= {Pe Pos] e(2)=r(-9} + Xét pp, EW, @= 7, +P, Ta0d a(—x)=p,(—x)+ p.(—1) =p, (x) + p(x) =a(2) > PtPLeW, Nghiém edm cde qudn photo sir dung cde 1 lieu do BKOST bién soan dé ban khi chwa duege su dong ¥. bkkhongsotach.edu.vn u khéa hoc Dai SéHUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bien soan: Lé Thi Bio- Cao Nhu Dat + pel, keRkp,(-x)='p,(x) > kp, eW, Vay W, 1a KCVT con cita Po,.[] Do p(-x)= p(x) = Da thre p(x) chi gdm cdc hang tir bac chin cia x Hay p(x) = 4. = dimW, =1008, mot ev sola B= {lix'sx4h.ax™ J. Bai 17. a 1-12 2-4) [i122 4 123 s| lo-11 3 6|/(2 2?" = = 1-21, 31, 21 1 1 3/7/03 3-3 sfppne 3-12-11) [0 2 8 7 4] ahok P-a202 41 1-202 47 O-11 3 6 (reel -1 1 3 6 (Len) lo 0 0 +12 23) (442.4) |0 0 -6 -13 16 0 0 -6 -13 16 00 0 -12 23 sno) = (Ps 2° 72 = Khong gian nghiém ¢6 dim=1, co sé { 2-13-24) [2 -1 3 2 4] wasaas 1 asoo as -// 2-11 8 2| [0 0 2 1 -2) a z 8. $ 2 $ = = ‘L,-2L, 7) L-Lok 5 z 3 3 a $ 3 Ey 8 2 2 3 2-13 24 >}0 0 -1 5 =I} (L,-2L,>4) 00000 Nghiém edm cde qudn photo sir dung cde 1 lieu do BKOST bién soan dé ban khi chwa duege su dong ¥.HUONG DAN GIAI DE CUONG CHUONG 3: KHONG GIAN VECTOR Bién soan: Lé Thai Bédo- Cao Nhu Dat 3 Pm N35 2 dy =0 yf l ax, 45: => =Sa-b, x, =2c+8a+b 2X (apis, =a(0;8;5:1,0)+b( 0:1 —1:0:1) + ¢(1;2;0;0;0) = Khéng gian nghigm c6 dim3, co so {(0;8:5;1;0)3(0;1;—1:051);(1;2;0:0;0)} Chi ¥: V 1a khéng gian nghiém ciia hé pt n an thi dimV =n—r(A) (hé thuan nhat). Bai 18. Cos6 U,V lan luot 1a {1.5.51} 5 {%.0s + Néu UAV ={0} = {uy315-.503%)3¥255¥,} dde lip tuyén tinh va la co sé cia (U+V)= dim(U +V)=m+n=dimU +dimV —dim(U OV) +Néu dim(U AV) = p, 00 86 {rsFy5057%}=A BO sung m~ p vector r,,.. vio A dé duoc co sé cia U Bo sung np vector 1,,.,; vao A dé duce co soctia V Ta chimg minh $= [yr Toarowlaslaar ly pan} Keo se eta UV + weU+V thi w= w+ Sr, Sen) Xt sa)er SS ke Ske } lang sinh cia U+V Sansom San - ¥ a, cues Sapevs4-0 vieprhm = dane ¥ 41 =054,-0 vin, i=malnt pem SH § DLIT= S lacoss. bkkhongsotach.edu.vn Tai ligu khéa hoc Dai S6 Neghitm cd cde qudn photo sit dung cdc tle do BKOST bién soan dé ban khi chwa duege su dong ¥.