MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review Module – Structural Engineering (Bolted and Welded Connections)

CONCENTRICALLY LOADED
CONNECTIONS
A. BOLTED AND RIVETED CONNECTION:
NSCP 2001/2010/2015
TENSILE STRENGTH
1. For tensile yielding in the gross section:
R n = Fy Agt
ϕ = 0.90 (LRFD) Ω = 1.67 (ASD)

2. For tensile rupture in the net section:

R n = Fu Ae
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD) Ω = 2.00 (ASD)
Determine the permissible tensile load “P” under the following conditions using
EFFECTIVE NET AREA NSCP 2001:
The effective area of tension members shall be determined as follows: 1. Based on the shear capacity of bolts in kN.
Ae = Ant U 2. Based on the bearing capacity of the plates in kN.
3. Based on the block shear strength in kN. 4. Determine the joint efficiency in
NOTE: percentage.
Section 510.4.1.(2) limits An to a maximum of 0.85Ag connection design for splice
plates with holes. As shown in the bolted lap splice connection above,
5. Determine the design strength based on gross area yielding, in kN.
The diameter of standard sized holes is taken as 6. Determine the design strength based on net area rupture, in kN.
3.2 mm (2001) 7. Determine the design strength based on block shear, in kN.
4 mm (2010/2015)
Larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt. Effect of Staggered Hole / Staggered Connections
Critical Net Area:
If the nominal diameter of the hole is given, we add An = bnet * thickness
1.6 mm (2001) s2
2 mm (2010/2015) = [ bgross - ∑ diameter of holes + ∑ ] * thickness
4g
To get the effective/standard hole diameter. s2
Where: = gage space
4g
SHEAR STRENGTH s = longitudinal center to center
1. For shear yielding of the element: spacing (pitch) of any consecutive
R n = 0.6Fy Agv holes in mm.
ϕ = 1.00 (LRFD) Ω = 1.50 (ASD) g = transverse center to center
spacing (gage) between fastener gage
2. For shear rupture of the element: lines in mm.
R n = 0.6Fu Anv Note: Choose smallest An for design and
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD) Ω = 2.00 (ASD) safety purposes.

BEARING STRENGTH
For bearing strength:
R n = 2.4db tFu
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD) Ω = 2.00 (ASD)

BLOCK SHEAR STRENGTH

R n = 0.6 Fu Anv + Ubs Fu Ant ≤ 0.6Fy Agv + Ubs Fu Ant
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD) Ω = 2.00 (ASD)

NOTE: .
Where tensile stress is uniform, Ubs = 1 .
Where tensile stress is non-uniform, Ubs = 0.5 .

Where:
db = Bolt diameter, mm
t = Thickness of the connected material, mm
Agt = Gross area subject to tension, mm2
Agv = Gross area subject to shear, mm2 PROBLEM NO. 2:
Ant = Net area subject to tension, mm2 A single-angle tension member has two gage lines in its long leg and one in the
Anv = Net area subject to shear, mm2 short leg for 20 mm bolts arranged shown. Area of the angular section is 5100
U = Shear lag factor mm2. Use A36 steel FY = 248 MPa and FU = 400 MPa. Standard nominal hole
diameter for 20 mm bolt = 23 mm.
PROBLEM NO. 1: 1. Determine the net area (mm2) of the angular section.
Two A36 steel plates each with thickness t = 20 mm are bolted together with 9 – 2. Determine the allowable tension strength (kN)
20 mm diameter bolts forming a lap connection. Bolts spacing are as follows: of the angular section based on the gross section.
a = 75 mm, b = 400 mm, c = 125 mm, d = 40mm. 3. Determine the allowable
Allowable Stress: tensile strength (kN) of the
Tensile stress on gross area of the plate = 0.6FY angular section based on
Tensile stress on net area of the plate = 0.5FU the effective net area. U =
Shear stress of the bolt: FV = 120 MPa 0.75.
Bearing stress of the plate: FP = 1.2FU 4. Determine the ultimate
tensile strength (kN) of the
angular section. U = 0.75.
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review Module – Structural Engineering (Bolted and Welded Connections)

B. WELDED CONNECTION: Using NSCP 2010/2015,
NSCP 2001/2010/2015 5. Determine the shear lag factor, U = 1 − x̅⁄ℓ.
STRENGTH OF FILLET WELDS 6. Determine the ultimate load based on net area of the angle.
R n = 0.60 FEXX (0.707wL) 7. Determine the ultimate load based on the strength of the fillet welds.
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD) Ω = 2.00 (ASD) 8. Determine the ultimate load based on the block shear strength of the gusset
plate.
NOTE: .
For fillet weld groups concentrically loaded and consisting of elements that are
oriented both longitudinally and transversely to the direction of applied load, the “Choose your struggles wisely”
combined strength Rn, of the fillet weld group shall be determined as greater of .
Rn = Rwl + Rwt (510.2-9a - 2001/2010/2015) .
or .
Rn = 0.85Rwl + 1.5Rwt (510.2-9b - 2010/2015) .

Where:
Ae = Effective area of fillet weld resisting shear, mm2
t = Throat thickness/throat of weld, mm
L = Total length of the weld, mm
w = Leg of weld/ Size of weld, mm
FEXX = Strength of the weld metal, MPa
EXX = Electrode classification number
Rwl = Total nominal strength of longitudinally loaded fillet welds
Rwt = Total nominal strength of transversely loaded fillet welds

Examples of commonly used electrode:

E60xx : FE60XX = 415 MPa
E70xx : FE70XX = 485 MPa
E80xx : FE80XX = 550 MPa

PROBLEM NO. 3:
Two L100x100x10 are welded to a gusset plate with thickness of 16mm as shown
and loaded concentrically. Use E70xx fillet weld, A36 steel for the gusset plate
and the angular section.
Given:
Angular Section:
Gross area of a single angle bar, Ag = 1380 mm².
Distance from the outermost part of the angle leg to the centroid of
the angle bar, x̅ = 28 mm
Weld:
c = 100 mm
e = 20 mm
w = 8 mm
1. Determine the allowable tensile force “P” based on yielding of the gross area.
2. Determine the total length “L” in mm.
3. Determine the length of weld A in mm.
4. Determine the length of weld B in mm.