Additional file 1 : Sampled localities, sampling effort and results on species of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Madagascar.

Site
Site Names Communes Latitude Longitude Altitude (m) Bioclimate Mode of collect Date of collect n GA6 AR7 MR8 Neg9
N°
1 Ampasimajina Vohémar 13°37’ 49’98 50 Dry In1 November 2001 10 0 10 0 0
2
Out November 2001 8 0 8 0 0
2 Ambalamanasy Sambava 14°26’ 50°16’ 50 Humid In November 2001 27 25 1 0 1
Out November 2001 6 6 0 0 0
3 Andapa sud Andapa 14°65’ 49°65’ 480 Subhumid In October 2001 20 18 2 0 0
Out October 2001 46 29 17 0 0
4 Manakantafana Soanierana Ivongo 17°08’ 49°52’ 20 Humid In November 2000 27 27 0 0 0
Out November 2000 15 12 1 0 2
5 Loukintsy Sainte Marie 16°88’ 49°52’ 10 Humid In January 2001 38 38 0 0 0
Out January 2001 22 16 6 0 0
3
IR January 2001 5 5 0 0 0
6 Andapa 2 Fenerive Est 17°27’ 49°38’ 20 Humid In December 2000 25 25 0 0 0
Out December 2000 18 16 2 0 0
IR December 2000 19 19 0 0 0
7 Analamalotra Ivoloina 18°07’ 49°38’ 20 Humid In July 2001 42 40 2 0 0
Out July 2001 17 16 1 0 0
IR July 2001 4 4 0 0 0
8 Ambodivandrika Brickaville 18°78’ 49°00’ 50 Humid In March2000 43 43 0 0 0
Out March2000 3 2 1 0 0
9 Beforona Beforona 18°58’ 48°15’ 500 Humid LiTrap4 January 2003 91 87 1 0 3
10 Tsaravary Mananjara 21°25’ 48°30’ 20 Humid In February 2001 50 50 0 0 0
Out February 2001 9 8 1 0 0
11 Mideboka Manakara 22°02’ 47°97’ 20 Humid In January 2001 39 39 0 0 0
Out January 2001 16 15 0 0 1
12 Vohipeno centre Vohipeno 22°35’ 47°87’ 20 Humid In January 2001 32 26 0 0 6
1
 Out January 2001 15 11 0 0 4
13 Mahasoa Farafangana 22°18’ 46°08’ 20 Humid In January 2001 28 28 0 0 0
Out January 2001 16 14 0 0 2
14 Esana Fort Dauphin 25°04’ 46°96’ 50 Humid In July 2000 36 26 1 0 9
15 La Pépinière Amboasary 25°63’ 46°38’ 50 Subarid In March 1996 26 0 26 0 0
Out March 1996 20 0 20 0 0
IR March 1996 4 0 2 2 0
16 Ankiliefatra Tsihombe 25°32’ 45°50’ 75 Subarid In March 2003 16 0 2 14 0
Out March 2003 7 0 1 6 0
IR March 2003 4 0 0 4 0
5
Larva March 2003 23 0 12 11 0
LiTrap March 2003 11 1 2 8 0
In February to September 1996 21 0 11 10 0
Out February to September 1996 16 0 7 9 0
IR February to September 1996 5 0 0 5 0
LiTrap February to September 1996 8 0 3 5 0
17 Ankorakosy Tsihombe 25°37’ 45°48’ 100 Subarid In March 1996 7 0 6 1 0
Larva April 1996 1 0 1 0 0
18 Behazomanga Tsihombe 25°20’ 45°35’ 75 Subarid In March 1996 13 0 10 3 0
Out March 1996 12 0 11 1 0
19 Ambatopilaka Tsihombe 25°13’ 45°35’ 75 Subarid In March 1996 22 0 22 0 0
Out March 1996 10 0 10 0 0
20 Androvasoa Antanimora 24°77’ 45°58’ 300 Subarid In March 1996 10 0 10 0 0
Out March 1966 8 0 8 0 0
21 Zazafotsy Ihosy 22°20’ 46°35’ 1000 Subhumid In March 1999 66 0 66 0 0
Out March 1999 10 0 10 0 0
22 Mahasoa Ankaramena 21°59’ 46°27’ 1000 Subhumid In May 2000 90 0 90 0 0

2
23 Vatotokana Ambalavao 21°71’ 46°70’ 1000 Subhumid In April 1999 34 0 34 0 0
Out April 1999 26 0 26 0 0
IR April 1999 6 0 6 0 0
24 Fisaorana Ambositra 20°18’ 46°90’ 1200 Subhumid Out May 2000 45 0 45 0 0
25 Fenoarivo Betafo 19°92’ 46°82’ 1200 Subhumid In April 2000 47 0 47 0 0
26 Tsarazaza Betafo 19°40' 46°46' 1515 Subhumid In April 2000 7 0 7 0 0
27 Ambohimena Mandoto 19°58’ 46°37’ 1000 Subhumid In March 2001 36 0 36 0 0
28 Kimony Morondava 20°14’ 44°18’ 10 Subarid IR June 2003 114 0 114 0 0
29 Morarano Miandrivazo 19°58’ 45°47’ 50 Dry In March 2001 33 19 14 0 0
30 Analamiranga Mahasolo 19°23’ 46°27’ 850 Subhumid In October 2002 to January 139 0 134 0 5
2003
Out October 2002 to January 24 0 22 0 2
2003
MTPS6 October 2002 to January 21 0 19 0 2
2003
31 Alasora Antananarivo 18°95’ 47°56’ 1300 Subhumid IR March 2001 65 0 65 0 0
32 Ankazobe Ankazobe 18°32’ 47°12’ 1300 Subhumid In May 1997 22 1 21 0 0
Out May 1997 14 0 14 0 0
In March 1999 10 1 9 0 0
Out March 1999 10 0 10 0 0
33 Saharevo Moramanga 18°82’ 48°10’ 900 Subhumid In February 2000 26 13 13 0 0
34 Mahatsinjo Mahatsinjo 17°73’ 47°02’ 1000 Subhumid In April 2001 26 0 26 0 0
Out April 2001 11 0 11 0 0
35 Ampotaka Mahatsinjo 17°43’ 46°85’ 700 Subhumid In April 2001 9 0 9 0 0
Out April 2001 12 1 11 0 0
36 Manjakavaradrano Mahatsinjo 17°65’ 46°97’ 800 Subhumid In April 2001 18 10 8 0 0
Out April 2001 2 0 2 0 0
IR April 2001 6 4 2 0 0
37 Tsararano Marovoay 16°17’ 46°67’ 50 Dry In January 2000 39 18 17 0 4

3
 Out January 2000 49 10 37 0 2
IR January 2000 26 13 13 0 0
38 Mangatsa Mahajanga 15°40' 46°36' 25 Dry IR May 2003 53 14 36 1 2

TOTAL 2067 750 1192 80 45

1
In : indoor human landing
2
Out : outdoor human landing
3
IR : indoor resting
4
LiTrap : Miniature CDC light trap
5
larve : aquatic stages of mosquitoes
6
MTPS : outdoor resting in Muirhead-Thomson's pit shelter
7
GA : Anopheles gambiae
8
AR : Anopheles arabiensis
8
MR : Anopheles merus
10
Neg : PCR negative