Part-A

Unit 1: Communication Skills-

Methods of Communication

Fastrack REVISICN
how do we communicate with each MESSAGE
Communication Skills: It
means

of presenting information is very important.

our
other. The way
skills include those areas which involve listening, Communication
Communication
and expressing our views.
speaking, observing
word 'communication' from the Latin
Communication: The
comes
FEEDBAC
to share. Communication is the most
word communicare, meaning Sender Receiver
a vital role in shaping our personal,
important life skill which plays
lives. Fig. 2 Oral communication
social and professional
We communicate with each other in
Methods of Communication: Advantages of oral communication
a number of ways,
depending upon the message and the content It brings a quick feedback as it is
face-to-face. It enables the
which it is conveyed. sender to know whether receiver has understood or not.
through
for
It is a two-way communication with a higher scope
Communication
clarification.
It saves time.
One can rely on the information as it is first-hand. By reading
one can
Verbal Non-verbal Visual facial expression and body language of the speaker,
what is being said or not.
Communication Communication guess whether one should trust,
Communication
Disadvantages of oral communication
Communication: Verbal communication refers to the form One gets less time to think about what he/she is delivering.
Verbal
is transmitted verbally. It
of communication in which the message Quick reaction may lead to arguments.
is done by word of mouth or as a piece of writing Written Communication: In this mode, the written signs or symbols
The objective of this communication is to have people understand are used to convey the message. The message
can be printed or

what we are trying to convey. handwritten and includes e-mails, letters, reports, memos, sms, etc.
the acronym KISS (Keep It Here, the message is influenced by vocabulary, grammar, writing
In a verbal communication, remember
style, clarity of language and arrangement of words/sentences.
Short and Simple).
Memos, reports, bulletins, job descriptions and e-mails are the
The message Behaviour/output types of written communication used in business for
internal
information/input
WhatI working and procedures. For communication with the external
What I mean.
The Channe
understano environment, faxes, letters, proposals, Internet websites, contracts,
Speaking advertisements, brochures, etc, are used.
wriing.
8raphics, video, Advantages of written communication
Codlng etc.
I t gives enough time to the sender to frame the message.
>The messages can be edited and revised, and corrections can
The messenger The recipient
be made many times before it is published.
At least some code is common
Record can be maintained of every message sent.
Fig. 1 Verbal communication >Itenables the receiverwith sufficient time tofully understand,
interpret and send appropriate feedback/response.
Types ofVerbalCommunication: Verbal communication is further
divided into two categories: Disadvantages of written communication
It does not bring instant feedback/response.
0 Oral Communication
It takes more time composing a written message and requires
(i) Written Communication a good writing ability.
words The interpretation of the message depends totally on the
Oral Communication: In oral communication, spoken are
receiver.
Used. It includes face-to-face conversation, speech, telephonic

conversation, video call, radio, television, Voice over Internet, etc. Non-verbal Communication: Non-verbal communication is the
Here, the communication is influenced by the pitch, volume, speed expression or exchange of information or messages without using
and clarity of speaking. any spoken or written word. In other words, we send signals and
 BANK
CHAPTERWISE UESTION
10 MASTERMND the non-verbal communication is
Tone: Another element of
gestures, postures, the perceived meaning of a
messages to others, through expressions, tone. A different tone can change
and shows
touch, space, eye contact and para language message. The tone gives
emphasis to the message
day-to-day how clearly it can be true.
communication: In our
Importance of non-verbal without the added emphasis,
IF we simply read the message
communication: shows us how the
movements, face, we would be left to wonder. The emphasis
is done using body information.
tone conveys a great deal of
55% Communication
contact is
and duration of eye
arms, etc.
voice, tone, Eye contact: The style into the
38% Communication is done Using
considered appropriate across
the globe. Looking
trustworthiness and
considereda sign of
pauses, etc. eyes and talking is
Only 7% Communication is done using words. confidence.
thousands
produce
expressions: The human face
can
Facial
said that what we cannot say,
of different expressions. It is
basic information to
our face expresses it.
Our face conveys
facial expressions in a
the outside world. The effects of the
conversation are instant.
transmission
is the
Visual communication
V i s u a l Communication: and imagery. It is
information with the help of symbols
of ideas and communication and is believed to be
of
one of the three main types includes signs, drawings,
on the most.
It
the type that people rely animations,
colours and
advertising,
illustrations,
graphic designs,
electronic resources.

communication
Advantages of visual communication.
the oral
>Ithelps in emphasising communication is more
Fig.3 Types of non-verbal communication >A combination of audio-visual
facts cannot be delivered
elements of effective than words. Some
Elements of non-verbal communication: The thus diagrams and pictures are
used.
non-verbal communication are as follows: through words, not have the ability to
who may
neatness, I t is very effective on people
>Appearance: The speaker's clothing, hairstyle, read, but have the visual ability
to comprehend.
Use of cosmetics, and environment which includes room taken in understanding
a visual
The amount of time
size, lighting, decoration and Furnishing, have a great impact communication is less as compared
to other types of
have
on non-verbal communication. For example, you may
well- communications.
noticed a polite and agile lady/gentleman at the serene,
lit and clean reception area of a hotel. Disadvantages of visual communication
communication is that it is
Body language: To be a more effective communicator, we T h e main disadvantage of visual
need to align our body language and tone with the words we expensive. The process of coming up with a visual aid such as
are trying to convey. Research shows that when an
individual a video, chart, diagram or a map is expensive and may require
lies, he/she is more likely to blink frequently, shift the body involvement of more people.
weight from one leg to the other and shru9 All the topics cannot be represented at once in a singlevisual
The thumb rule is that simplicity, directness and warmth aid. In most cases, visual communication is incomplete and
convey sincerity. And sincerity
is the key to effective
incompetent, if it is not accompanied by oral communication.
communication. A firm handshake, given with a warm and
Visual communication is more time-consuming. A lot of time
dry hand, is a great way to establish trust. A weak and clumsy
handshake conveys lack of trustworthiness and confidence. is required to create visual aids.

Objective TYPE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice Questions Q3. Methods of communication can be categorised into

eosseese. categories.

Q1. The word communication' comes from the Latin word a. two b. three
Communicare, meaning to. C. four d. six
a. share b. taken Ans. (b) three
C.given d. simple Methods of communication can be
categorised into
Ans. (a) share three categories-(verbal Communication. non-verbal
The word 'communication' comes from the Latin word communication and visual communication).
communicare, meaning to share. Communication is the most
Q4. In a verbal
communication, remember the acronym
important life skill which plays a vital rolein shaping our
KISS stands for..
KISS.
personal, social and professional lives.
a. Keep it 5imple and Short
eaesnneno
Q2. . S aprocess of sharing information between
b. Keep it Short and Simple
two or more people.
a. Communication b. Communication skills c.Keep it Soft and Simple
C Tone d. None of these d. Keep it Simple and Soft
Ans. (a) Communication Ans. (b) Keep it Short and
Simple
 Information Technology | Class 10 Term-1 11
Q5. Oral communication is a two-way communication with a Q15. The oral communication is influenced by the.. **ensbasosoonasoesopng

higher scope for ...

seeesoeneoeoecosnnseesosee a. pitch
a. argument b. clarification b. volumne
C. time consuming d. None of these C. speed and clarity of speaking
Ans. (6) carification d. All of the above
Q6. Which of the following statement i true about Ans. (d) All of the above
Communication? Q16. What are the types of words we should use for verbal
a. 50% of our communication is non-verbal
communication?
b. 20% communication is done using body movements, face, a. Acronyms b. Simple
arms, etc C. Technical d. Jargons
C. 5% communication is done using voIce, tone, pauses, etc. Ans. (b) Simple
d. 7 % communication is done using words Q17. On what does the interpretation of a message depend?
Ans. (d) 7 % communication is done using words
a. Feedback b. Receiver
In our day-to-day communication:
C. Content d. Communicator
5 5 % communication is done using body movements, Ans. (b) Receiver
face, arms, etc. Q 18. Which of these is NOT an appropriate non-verbal
3 8 % Communication is done using voice, tone, pauses communication at work?
etc. a. Keeping hands in pockets while talking
Only 7% communication is done using words b. Talking at moderate speed
Q7. You need to apply for leave at work. Which method of C. Sitting straight
communication will you use? d. Tilting head a bit to listen
a. E-mail b. Poster Ans. (a) Keeping hands in pockets while talking
c. Newsletter d. Blog Q 19. In which of the following communications, the appearance
Ans. (a) E-mail and body language plays a vital role?
Q8. By which action can senders send their messages? a. Visual communication
b. Speaking b. Written communication
a. Gestures
C. Verbal communication
c. Reading d. Writing
d. Non-verbal communication
Ans. (c) Reading
oral
Ans. (d) No verbal communication
9 . e n e means communication through spoken Q 20. We do not get instant feedback in the.sososseessososssvososoano
and written words. a. oral communication
a. Non-verbal communication b. visual communication
b. Feedback C. written communication
C. Verbal communication d. All of these
d. None of the above Ans. (C) written communication

Ans. (c) Verbal communication Q 21. In. *********************** .. Communication, spoken words are used.
of oral communication? a. oral b. visual
Q10. Which of the following is an example C. written d. All of these
a. Newspapers b. Letters
d. E-mail
Ans. (a) oral
c. Phone call . . is the loudness and softness of a speaker's
Q 22. *********************
Ans. (C) Phone call
voice.
Qu.*sssoososonsn.aeoCommunication
enables people to
a Tone b. Pitch
symbolically represent objects, ideas, places etc. C. Eye contact d. Facial expression
a. Oral b. Written Ans. (b) Pitch
c. Verbal d. All of these communications, do we not use
Q23. In which of the following
Ans. () Verbal words?
. . Communication. a. Non-verbal communication
Q12. The interview is an example of...
*********o*****co

oral b. written b. Visual communication

C. verbal d. visual c. Written communication
Ans. () verbal d. All of the above
understand Ans. (a) Non-verbal communication
conversation is to make people
Q13. The objective of a effective communicator, which of the following
what we are..
*esssosssoo*********** Q24. To be a more

b. trying to convey must be focussed on?

a. trying to listen
a. Audience b. Content
C. trying to written d. None of these
C. Body language d. All of these
Ans. (b) trying to convey
do Ans. (d) All of these
In which of the following communications,
we get an
Q14. Q25. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?
instant feedback?
a. Frowning while concentrating
a. Visual communication
b. Maintaiging eye contact
b. Written communication
c. Oral communication
c. Smiling continuously
d. Non-verbal communication d. Rolling up your eyes
Ans. (b) Maintaining eye contact
Ans. (c) Oral communication
 12 MASTERMND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
or symbols are used to convey the message. The message
Q26. The conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be
can be printed or handwritten and includes e-mails, letters,
seen through the eye is referred to as... COommunication.
reports, memos, sms, etc.
oral b. visual
C. written d. All of these Ans. (b)
communication
Ans. (6) visual Q34. Assertion (A): A combination of audio-visual
is more effective than words. Some facts cannot be
delivered
Q27. Visual communication is the transmission of ideas and through words, thus diagrams and pictures are used.
...and
information with the help of ************esoososo used.
Reason (R): In visual communication, spoken words are
a. symbols b. imagery It includes face-to-face conversation, speech, telephonic
C. Both a and b d. None of these
conversation, video call, radio, television, Voice over Internet,
Ans. () Both a and b etc. Here, the communication is influenced by the pitch,
volume, speed and clarity of speaking.
Q28. What does an upright (straight) body posture comvey or

show? Ans. (c)

Q35. Assertion communication is the transmission of
(A): Visual
a. Pride b. Professionalism and imagery.
c. Confidence d. Humility ideas and information with the help of symbols and is
It is one of the three main types of communication
Ans. () Confidence the most.
believed to be the type that people rely
on

Q 29. A smile and a nod is an example Ol.*osoeoesoe**eonosoe******** thousands of

can produce
Reason (R): The human face
a. visual communication that what we cannot say, our
different expressions. It is said to the
basic information
b. written communication face expresses it. Our face conveys
C. verbal communication outside world.
d. non-verbal communication Ans. (b) contact is
Ans. (d) non-verbal communication Theand duration of eye
style
Q36. Assertion (A): into the
across the globe. Looking
Q 30. In the business world, the ******0********e*********. is commonly used. considered appropriate and
of trustworthiness
is considered a sign
a. visual communication eyes and talking
b. written communication confidence.
tone can change
the perceived
C. verbal communication Reason (R): A different to the
The tone gives emphasis
d. non-verbal communication meaning of a message. be true.
shows how clearly it can
message and
Ans. (a) visual communication
Ans. (b)
studies, only 38% of
to recent
Assertion-Reason Type Questions Q 37. Assertion (A): According is based on the
receiver's comprehension of a message
sender's actual words; 7% is based
on the tone, pace and
In the questions given below, there are two statements the body language.
volume of speech and 55% is based
on
marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements face our emotions. WVe
Reason muscles of
(R): The our convey
and choose the correct option. saying a word. A
change
can send a silent message without
a. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation in our emotional state can change our facial expression, and
of (A). therefore the message.
b. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation Ans. (d)
of (A). Q38. Assertion (A): In Written communication the written signs
or symbols are used to convey the message. The message
c. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
can be printed or handwritten and includes e-mails, letters,
d. (A) is false. but (R) is true. reports, memos, sms, etc.
Q31. Assertion (A): Communication is the most important life skill Reason (R): Non-verbal communication refers to the form of
which plays a vital role in shaping our personal, social and
communication in which the message is transmitted verbally.
professional lives.
from the Latin
It is done by word of mouth or as a piece of writing.
Reason (R): The word communication' comes Ans. (d)
to share. Communication is the
word communicare, meaning
39. ASsertion (A): A diferent tone can change the perceived
most important life plays a vital role in shaping
skill which
our personal, social and professional lives. meaning of a message. The tone gives emphasis to the
message and shows how clearly it can be true.
Ans. (b)
communication refers to the form Reason (R): The human face can produce thousands of
Q32. Assertion (A): Non-verbal different expressions. It is said that what we cannot say, our
of communication in which the message is transmitted
verbally. It is done by word of mouth or as a piece of writing. face expresses it. Our face conveys basic information to the
Reason (R): Communication skills means how do we outside world.
communicate with each other. The way of presenting our Ans. (b)
information is very important. Communication skills include 40. ASsertion (A): A combination of audio-visual communication
those areas which involve listening, speaking, observing and is more effective than words. Some facts cannot be delivered
expressing our vieWs. through words, thus diagrams and pictures are used.
Reason (R): The human voice can produce thousands or
Ans. (d)
different expressions. It is said that what we cannot say, our
Q 33. Assertion (A): Memos, reports, bulletins, job descriptions
and e-mails are the types of written communication used in voice expresses it. Our voice conveys basic information to the
business for internal working and procedures. outside world.
Reason (R): In Written communication the written signs Ans. (c)
 The Significance of
2 Feedback in Communication Cycle
Fastrack REVISICN
involves
from a person Communication Cycle: The process of communication
Communication: It is an act of conveying mesages receiver,
or group through mutually
understood the sender, message, encoding9, communication channel,
or group to another person revolves around
semiotic rules. decoding and feedback. The communication cycle
Signs, symbols or the receiver. The
in building relationship and promotes love its two major components: the sender and
Communication helps and the receivers
enriches Our knowledge of the universe and transmission of sender's ideas to the receiver
and understanding. It forms the communication
makes living worthwhile. feedback or reaction to the sender
involves the sender, message,
The process of
communication
cycle.
receiver, decoding and feedback.
encoding, communication channel,
as follows:
Elements of CommunicationCycle: The elements of the communication cycle are

Sender The person from whom the message originates.

The information that the sender wants to convey.
Message
the message in an appropriate form for sending.
Encoding How the sender chooses to code
Channel The medium by which the message is conveyed or sent.

is sent.
Receiver The person or entity to which the message

the message.
Decodin9 How the receiver understands or interprets

Feedback The receiver's reply to the message.

Msg Msg
Msg MSg Receiver
Channel Decoding
Sender Encoding9

Feedback Context

Fig. 1 Communication Cycle

Feedback can be positive or negative.
of communication, there is a
Brain Drain: In the entire process
at level, which is called brain drain. Examples:
possibility of misunderstanding any
sender's side if inappropriate Positive I noticed you finished the work perfectly. Great Job!
B r a i n drain may arise at the FeedbackIreally appreciate you taking that call. Can you
or at the receiver's
medium for delivery of message is chosen,
decoded, appropriately. please also share the details?
side if the message is not
of the
Feedback: Feedback is an important part Examples
The response of the receiver is known
cycle. to smile at the hotel guests
communication
You keep forgetting
as feedback. Negative when you talk to them.
information about Feedback You take really long to reply to e-mails! Are you
Feedback is the transmission of evaluative
an event, or process to
action,
the original or controlling always so busy?
source.
final component and
Feedback is the information given back to
an individual
a or Importance of Feedback: Feedback is the
of communication
about their prior behaviour so that they may adjust the one of the most important factors in the process
group the receiver to the
current and future behaviour to attain
the desired results. since it is defined as the response given by
feedback is important are:
it is important that the sender sender. The certain reasons why
For effective communication,
from the receiver about I t validates effective listening: person providing the
The
receives an acknowledgement
feedback knows they have been understood (or received)
getting the message across.
value.
A good feedback is always specific, helpful, kind and timely. and that their feedback provides some
 BANK
14 MASTERMIND CHAPTERWISE UESTION
sometimes underestimated
It motivates: Feedback can motivate people to build better usually during a task. It is
occurs

because it is less formal, but it can be very

a powerful and effective
Work relationships and continue the good work that is being
tool as it can be provided easily
in the 'teachable moment' and
appreciated. be notified of his/her
timely way. The feedback receiver
can
Tt is always there: Every time you speak to a person, we in a

communicate feedback so it is impossible not to provide one. deficiency instantly through interaction.
Tt boosts learning: Feedback is important to remain focuSsed on Written Feedback: Written feedback is done through writing
after a task.
develop improved products and services.
goals, plan better and instead of speaking. Written feedback is usually given
of what we are doing
Jt improves performance: Feedback can help to take better Effective written feedback provides a record
next steps. Written
decisions to improve and increase performance. well, what needs improvement and suggests
main role in the
It makes us self aware: Self awareness and monitoring feedback balances the evaluative process. Its
provide a good platform but feedback from others informs assessment process is to smoothen the progress
of learning.
us in ways that enriches our self detailed and
knowledge.onsd n Specific Feedback: Specific feedback provides For
Types of Feedback: There are different types of feedback. did well or poorly.
particular information on what the person take
to
Descriptive, oral, written, specific and non-specific. these articles to fit together
example, 'the way you crafted
Descriptive Feedback: It is an unambiguous information, in is very good'.
the client through the sales process
the written or verbal Form which enables and helps the learner feedback is very general,
Non-specific Feedback: Non-specific
understand what she or he needs to do in order to improve. It is usually not very helpful
such as 'good job' or 'you did great.'
Some important points to be kept in mind while giving the that you have not thought
for receiver as it creates the impression
descriptive feedback are:
Use descriptive feedback for comments that students need in-depth about their work.
make the
are six following ways to
Feedback Constructive: There
to be able to save and look over.
feedback constructive:
Keep the feedback constructive, positive and concise. constructive purpose for giving
cannot think of a
Always keep in mind to provide feedback in a sandwich IF you
format: reinforcing correcting reinforcing. Remember feedback, do not give it at all
>Focus on description rather than judgement.
that a kind word leaves profound prints in our lives.
Focus on observation rather than inference.
Describe specific qualities of the work.
Focus on behaviour rather than the person. Refer to what an
Provide strategies that will help in figuring out how to
individual does rather than on what you imagine she or he is.
improve.
>Provide a balance of positive and negative.
>Avoid personalcomments.
>Be aware of feedback overload. Select two or three important
Oral Feedback:Oral eedback is provided verbally. Itis accompanied
those points.
with interaction between feedback giver and receiver. Oral feedback points you want to make and offer feedback about

Objective TYPE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice Questions Q4. What is feedback?

a. The response of the sender
Q1 Which ofthe following is NOT an element of communication b. The response of the receiver
within the communication process cycle? c. The output of the sent message
a. Channel b. Receiver
d. Time d. All of the above
C. Sender
Ans. (d) Time Ans. (b) The response of the receiver
Q2. Which of the following statements aboutthe communication Q5. Which of the following are effective components of a good
is incorrect? feedback?
a. Communication is a learned skill a. Detailed and time
consuming
b. Communication helps inbuilding relationship and promotes b. Direct, specific and honest
love and understanding C. Opinion-based
C. The process of communication involves only the sender d. None of the above
and receiver
Ans. (6) Direct, specific and honest
d. None of the above
Ans. (c) The process of communicationinvolves only the sender Q6. Which of the following things should be kept in mind while
and receiver. giving feedback?
a. Keep the feedback
Q3. Who is the receiver in the process of communication? constructive, positive and concise.
b. Provide
a. The person who sends the message strategies that will help in figuring out how to
b. The person who receives the message improve.
C. Both of the above C. Both of the above
d. None of the above d. None of the above
Ans. (b) The person who receives the message Ans. (c) Both of the above
 InformationTechnology Class 10 | Term-1| 15
feedback? Q 18. Descriptive feedback provides a for the
derestimated Q7. Which of these are examples of positive
a. Excellent, your work has improved. students to identify the steps taken to fulfil their goals.
and effective
b. I noticed your dedication towards the project. a. direction b. aim
moment' and d. All of these
C. You are always doing it the wrong way C, target
ied of his/her Ans. (a) direction
d. All of the above
Q19. Which ofthe following statements about the communication
Ans. (d) All of the above
ough writing feedback? is true?
task.
Q8. Which ofthese are examples of negativeskills are poor a. Communication is an act of conveying messages
nafter a a. Thate to tell you this but your drawing b. Communication is derived from a Latin word.
we are doing b. You can surely improve your drawin8 another
can do better. People exchange facts, ideas
C. or opinions with one
but you
steps. Written C. This is a good drawing
through communication.
in the d. None of the above
n role skills are poor d. All of the above
Ans. hate to tell you this but your drawing
(a) I Ans. (d) All of the above
earning Communication is an act of conveying messages through of
detailed and Q9. Q20. Which of the following are the two major components
r poorly. For mutually understood...sesasoosennnnossesnseo o communication?
b. symbols
ether to take a, signs a. The sender and receiver
C. semiotic rules d. All of these
b. The sender and channel
Ans. (d) All of these
C.The receiver and feedback
ery general, to which the message is sent is known
Q10. The person or entity d. The receiver and channel
very helpful
as the. *******************
Ans. (a) The sender and receiver
not thought b. Receiver
a. Sender
Q21. Which of the following components completes the
C. Encoder d. Decoder communication cycle?
co make the Ans. (b) Receiver b. Decoding
a. Encoding
Qu. The response ofthe receiver is known as. C. Channel d. Feedback
for giving9 a. Constructive b. Non-constructive Ans. (d) Feedback
d. None of these communication
C. Feedback
Q22. Which of the following component of the
Ans. (d) Feedback whether the communication was
process helps in knowing
Q12. Feedback results into effective..eo******o******o** effective or not?
a. listening b. talking a. Encoding b. Decoding
to what an
d. making8 C. Feedback d. None of these
he or he is. C. walking
Ans. (a) listening Ans. () Feedback

important Q13. Right feedback given at the right time can lead the
students Q 23. Which of the following things makes the feedback effective?
towards their.*********************
.. a. Precision b. Appropriate language
ose points. b. target C. Timings d. All of these
a. desired goal
None of these Ans. (d) Al of these
C Aim . in the form of
Ans. (a) desired goal Q24. Descriptive feedback includes. ********e***

..Comments in written comments or verbal conversations.

Q14. One must avoid giving *******oo******

a. data b. content
feedback.
b. positive C. specific information d. knowledge
a. negative
Ans. () specific information
C. personal d. formal
Q 25. . can help the sender justify the response of
Ans. () personal
.

the receiver.
of feedback provides detailed
Q15. Which of the following types a. Feedback b. Communication
sender?
and particular information to the d. None of these
c. Decoding
a. Non-specific feedback
Ans. (a) Feedback
a good b. Written feedback
Q 26. ********oooooeneeeee feedback balances the evaluation process.
c. Oral feedback
a. Oral b. Written
d. Specific feedback
C. Specific d. Non-specific
Ans. (d) Specific feedback
Ans. (6) Written
feedback suggests a need for change in the .feedback provides detailed information
l0.. .. Q27. *** esneseonnee****
mode of communication. relating to a task or the individual's performance.
a. Negative b. Specific b. Written
d. None of these
a Oral
d while c. Non-specific C. Specific d. Non-specific
Ans. (a) Negative Ans. (c) Specific
L7. . . . .feedback does not include grades, marks, or 0 28. *******************eeoecese
feedback gives a vague response to the
how to coded symbols. receiver.
a. Specific b. Non-specific Oral b. Written
C. Descriptive d. Non-descriptive C. Specific d. Non-specific
Ans. (c) Descriptive Ans. (d) Non-specific
16 MASTER MIND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
Assertion-Reason Type Questions sandwich format: reinforcingcorrectingreinforcing.
Remember that a kind word leaves profound prints in our
In the
questions given below, there are two statements Lives.
marked as Assertion Ans. (d)
(A) and Reason (R). Read the statements
and choose the correct Q 34. Assertion (A): Specific feedback provides detailed and
option.
a. Both (A) and (R) true, and (R) is the correct
are
explanation particular information on what the person did well or poorly.
of (A) Reason (R): Non-specific feedback is very general, such
b. Both (A) and (R) true, but (R) is not correct
are
explanation as good job' or 'you did great. It is usually not very helpful
of (A) for receiver as it creates the impression that you have not
c.(A) is true, but (R) is false. thought in-depth about their work.
d. (A) is false, but (R) is true. Ans. (b)
. ASsertion (A):Communication is an act ofconveying messages Q 35 Assertion (A): Written feedback is done through writing
from a person or
group to another person or group through instead of speaking. Written feedback is usually given after
mutually understood signs, symbols or semiotic rules. a task.
Reason (R): The process of communication involves the Reason (R): Effective written feedback provides a record
sender, message, encoding, communication channel, receiver, of what we are doing well, what needs improvement and
decoding and feedback. suggests next steps. Written feedback balances
the evaluative
Ans. (b)
process.
Q30. Assertion (A): In the entire process of
therecommunication,
is a possibility of misunderstanding at any level, which is
Ans. b)
Q36. Assertion (A): Feedback motivates to perform better.
called brain drain. Feedback from clients, suppliers, vendors, and stakeholders
Reason (R): Brain drain can be used to build better working relations and improve
may arise at the sender's side if
inappropriate medium for delivery of message is chosen, standards.
or at the receiver's side if the message is not Reason (R): Feedback is not important across an entire
decoded,
appropriately. organisation in order to remain aligned to goals, create
Ans. b) strategies, develop products and improve services and
Q31. Assertion (A): Decoding is the transmission of evaluative relationships.
information about an action, event, or process to the original Ans. ()
or controlling source. Q 37. Assertion (A): language Feedback is an unambiguous
Reason (R): Feedback is the information given back to an information, in the written or verbal form which enables and
individualor a group about their prior behaviour so helps the learner understand what she or he needs to do in
that they
may adjust the current and future behaviour to attain the order to improve.
desired results. Reason (R): Effective written feedback provides a record
Ans. (d) of what we are doing well, what needs improvement and
Q 32. Assertion (A): Communication helps in building relationship suggests next steps. Written feedback balances theevaluative
and promotes love and understanding. It enriches our process.
knowledge of the universe and makes living worthwhile. Ans. (d)
Reason (R): Feedback is the first component and one of the Q 38. Assertion (A): Effective written feedback provides a record
most important factors in the process of communication of what we are
doing well, what needs improvement and
since it is defined as the response given by the receiver to suggests next steps. Written feedback balances the evaluative
the sender. process.
Ans. () Reason (R): Communication barrier
motivates to perform
Q 33. Assertion (A): Oral Feedback is an unambiguous information, better. Feedback from clients,
suppliers, vendors, and
in the written or verbal form which enables and helps the stakeholders can be used to build better
working relations
learner understand what she or he needs to do in order to and improve standards.
improve. Ans. (c
Reason (R):Always keep in mind to provide feedback in a
 7 Measures to Overcome
3 Barriers in Communication
Fastrack REVISICN
vital life Emotional Barriers: The Emotional Quotient (EQ) ofa person
Barriers in Communication:
Communication is a
skill and determines the comfort and ease with which they can communicate.
benefit us in all aspects of life.
developing it communicate
A person who is emotionally mature will be able to
can
well formed and well developed the
I t does not matter how good, more On the
effectively. hand, people
other who let their emotions
obstacles that hamper its effectiveness
communication system is; take overwill face certain difficulties. For example, when we are
system. later and also
easy to say things that we may regret
communication
do occur within the angry, it is
has many barriers. These barriers misinterpret what others are saying.
The process of communication
distort the message as it is encoded and sent, as well
block, filter or Physical Barriers: Physical barriers such as noise, environment
barriers to effective
when it is decoded and
received. surroundings, etc., are the most obvious
as due
communication. Messages may get blocked or misinterpreted

to the location or situation where the

communication takes place.
the environment
For example, ifyou have a meeting in a restaurant,
distractions or
ambience, loud music, large crowd, etc.,
can cause

Fig. 1 Barriers
Types of Barriers: There are
impede a communication process:
discomfort.
we have people from
Cultural Barriers: Asa result of globalisation, cultures have
Different
several parts of the world working together.
several basic values of society. Dressing,
a different meaning for
and the general behaviour are
religion, thoughts, food, drinks,
from another. Therefore, it is
drastically different in one culture
important that we take these different cultures into consideration
while communicating. This is known as being culturally
appropríate.
Attitudinal Barriers: Some people like working
alone, and remains
introverts and not very social
to themselves. These people are
over friendly. Both
these
various types of barriers that can
Others like to be social or sometimes
issues like
cases may become a barrier
to communication. Attitude

ego and
inconsiderate behaviour can also cause
severe strains in
Linguistic Barriers: Language is
one ofthe main barriers that limits the communication channels. Personality
traits like shyness, anger
communication. It is the most there various
and hampers the effectiveness of and are
and social anxiety may be worked upon
Almost every region in
area or for the same. Whereas, traits uch
as
courses and training available
communication.
important tool of render correctable.
or dialect which may selfishness not be
the world has its own distinct language egocentric behaviour and may
is understanding of the world
communication ineffective. Perception Barriers: Perception
world in a uniqu way and
around us. Everyone perceives the
are various mental
and psychological
Psychological Barriers: There in yet another unique way.
communication. The
interprets what has been perceived
issues that may be barriers
to effective
Same message canbe interpreted differently by different people.
communicator as well as the
receiver Different people perceive the same things differently.
psychological state of the
received and diseases orother physical
definitely influences how
the message is sent, Physiological Barriers: Certain disorders,
limitations may also hamper the effectiveness of communication
shrillness of voice, dyslexia,
perceived.
between various channels. The
barriers.
Here is a chart to depict some psychological headache are examples of physiological
hyperactivity or even
communication. However, these barriers are
Psychological Barriers barriers to effective
not critical as these can easily be compensated,
removed, repaired
and worked upon.
levels is developing at a
Lack of Technological Barriers: Technology at all
with.
it becomes difficult to keep up
understanding very rapid rate and asa result,
advancement may become
Negative body Fear of failure| of physical Therefore, sometimes technological
image a barrier. Excessive use of
electronic communications has also
activity
hindered our verbal skills and emotional intelligence.
causes us
Lack of Stereotyping and Prejudice as Barriers: Stereotyping
Stigma a an event or a thing on
confidence to epitomise, or symbolise a person, group,
who believe are
oversimpliied ideas, beliefs, or opinions. People,
 18 MASTER MIND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
prejudiced, have difficulty in
We are performing to the best of their ability. be ineffective at times. When a message is complex and
prejudiced when we start relating a person to someone
else in the complicated or there is tension or conflict that needs to be
past.
Prejudices like Basketball players are stereotyped
as tall and resolved, switch to another medium.
young people are more energetic than the
common. old, are Simple relaxation techniques are likely enough to override
Stereotyping can substitute our thinking, analysis and
open-mindedness to a new situation. anxiety and get you up on stage feeling confident. When you
Stereotyping and prejudice is a barrier to communication when it arestill angry, you will likely have trouble processing logical
causes people to act statements.
as if they
already know the message that is
Coming from the sender or as if no Though some physical barriers may need to be removed, but
message is necessary because
'everybody already knows.' others can be compensated for and worked upon. One must
Measures to
Overcome Barriers in Effective communicate in an environment that is spacious, comfortable
Overcome the barriers in effective Communication:
To and relevant to what one talks about. Team meetings should
the following communication, one must keep
things in mind: be conducted in a room which is not too cold or neither too
Focus on clear
pronunciation and slowing down your speech. warm.
Ensure and check that you have I h e audience may make assumptions and presume about
understood what is been said
and that others have
fully understood you. Watch the use of you or the situation. To get your message past these barriers,
TLAs (Three Letter provide evidence to support your claims and enhance your
Abbreviations) and other organisational
language that may not be understood by others. Avoid the credibility. Efective communication is possible only when we
use of local
colloquialisms and jargons. are aware of non-verbal aspects of interactions with others.
Have a positive attitude about To overcome prejudice and stereotyping as barrier to
communication. Defensive
attitude interferes with communication. Learn communication, educate people about the myths and have
and practice
accepting imperfections in yourself as well as others. open discussions. Before starting your communication,
Embrace individuality. highlight the key points. Ensure that people are following you
Carefully
choose your form of communication. A
particular throughout the communication process. Give new examples
medium of communication which was useful earlier to retain their interest. Ask for feedback and take it seriously.
may

Objective TYPE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice Questions Q6. The shrillness of voice, dyslexia, hyperactivity or headache

Q1. Which of the following things may make the entire
communication futile?
a. Noise and distraction
b. Wrong interpretation
medium
C. Both a. and b
d. None of the above
Ans. (c) Both a. and b
Q2. Which of the following
communication?
a. Unwell sender or receiver
b. Loud music
c. Faulty channel
d. All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above
Q3. Which of these is not a common communication barrier?
a. Linguistic barrier
C. Financial barrier
Ans. (b) Interpersonal barrier
Q4. Which of the following is an example of psychological barrier
to communication?
a. Foreign language
C. Stereotyping
Ans. (b) Stress and anxiety
05. Which of the following
communication?
a. Loud music
Cc. Both of the above
Ans. (c) Both of the above
are examples or esosnssossnsesenesenense
process of a. attitudinal barriers b. perception barriers
C. physiological barriers d. technological barriers
Ans. () physiological barriers
of the message and
faulty channel Q7. Excessive use of.. . has hindered our verbal skills
and emotional intelligence.
a. relaxation techniques
b. logical statements
C. electronic communications
situation can impede the process of d. open discussions
Ans. (c) electronic communications
Q8. Which of these are ways to overcome communication
barriers?
a. Respecting each other's differences
b. Using a translator
C. Not communicating at all
d. Both a. and b
b. Interpersonal barrier Ans. (d) Both a. and b
d. Organisational barrier Q9. Which of the following statements about the
is correct?
communication
a. The
study of communication is imperative
b. It is one of the most crucial
systems.
C.
b. Stress and anxiety Developing communication skills can benefit in
aspects of life
us
all
d. Dyslexia
d. All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above
acts as a physical barrier to Q10. Which of the
following is/are the most
of communication? important elements
b. Huge gathering in small area
a. Sender b. Receiver
d. None of these C. Both of the above d. None of these
Ans. (c) Both of the above
 Information Technology Class10 Term-1 19
Q. Which is the most important tool of communication? Assertion-Reason Type Questions
a. Communication channel
b. Language In the questions given below, there are two statements
C. Sender
marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements
d. Receiver
and choose the correct option.
Ans. (6) Language
a. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation
following things should
be kept in mind to
Q12. Which of the
of (A)
avoid Linguistic barrier in communication?
b. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation
a. Clear pronunciation
of(A)
b. Using colloquialisms
C. Maximum usage of jargons C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
d. All of the above d. (A) is false, but (R) is true
Ans. (a) Clear pronunciation Q21. Assertion (A): The process of communication has many
is the most common barrier to barriers. These barriers block, filter or distort the message
Q13. Which of the following as it is encoded and sent, as well as when it is decoded and
communication?
a. Psychological state of a person received,
Reason (R): Language is one of the main barriers that limits
b. Language
CPerception
. or and hampers the effectiveness of communication.

dTechnology
. n po o Ans. (b)
Ans. (b) Language n Q22. Assertion (A): Almost every area or region in the world
Q14. The information provided in the communication should be has its own distinct language or dialect which may render
and to the point. communication ineffective.
as
a. complete b. incomplete Reason (R): It does not matter how good, well-formed and
C.full d. empty well developed the communication system is; obstacles that
Ans. (a) complete hamper its effectiveness do occur within the communication
Q15. As long as both the receiver and the sender speak, write, read system.
and understand the same language, there is. . Ans. (b)
a. simple communication Q 23. Assertion (A): There are various mental and psychological
b. indirect communication issues that may be barriers to effective communication.
C. direct communication The psychological state of the communicator as well as

d. None of the above the receiver definitely influences how the message is sent,
Ans. (c) direct communication received and perceived.
Q16. Same message can be interpreted ************************
by Reason (R): The physical barrier ofa person determines the
different people. comfort and ease with which they can communicate.A person

b. differently who is emotionally mature will be able to communicate more

a. commonly
c. indirectly d. None of these effectively.
Ans. (b) differently Ans. ()
Q17. A perfect blend of. ******************** is necessary for effective Q 24. Assertion (A): Physical barriers such as noise, environment,
Communication. surroundings, etc., are the most obvious barriers to effective
a. emotions b. facts communication. Messages may get blocked or misinterpreted
C. Both a and b d. None of these due to the location or situation where the communication
Ans. () Both a and b takes place.
and Reason (R): As a result of globalisation, we have people
person determines the comfort
ease
Q 18. The. ..ofa from several parts of the world working together. Different
with which they can communicate.
a. emotional quotient b. stereotyping cultures have a different meaning for several basic values of
c. feelings d. None of these society.
Ans. (a) emotional quotient Ans. (b)
Q25. Assertion (A): Cultural Barriers is understanding of the
Q19. . . c a u s e s us to symbolise a person, a group, an event
or a thing on oversimplified ideas, beliefs or opinions. world around us. Everyone perceives the world in a unique
a. Emotional quotientb. Stereotyping way and interprets what has been perceived in yet another
c. Feelings d. None of these unique way. Same message can be interpreted differently by
Ans. (b) Stereotyping different people. Different people perceive the same things
Q 20. One must avoid the use of local.. ****************** differently.
a. colloquialisms b. jargons Reason (R): Stereotyping can substitute our thinking,analysis
c. Both a and b d. None of these and open-mindedness to a new situation.
Ans. (C) Both a and b Ans. (d)
 20 MASTER MIND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
Q26. Assertion (A): Focus on clear Reason (R): Personality traits like shyness, anger and social
pronunciation and slowing down
your speech. Ensure and check that you have understood and there are various courses
anxiety may be worked upon
what is been said and that others have fully understood you. and training available for the same. Whereas, traits such as
be correctable.
Reason (R): Simple relaxation techniques are likely enough egocentric behaviour and selfishness may not
to override anxiety and get you up on stage feeling confident. Ans. (b)
When you are still angry, you will likely have trouble Q29. Assertion (A): Prejudice can substitute our thinking, analysis
processing logical statements. and open-mindedness to a new situation.
Ans. (b) Reason (R): Simple relaxation techniques are likely enough
Q27. Assertion (A): Technology at all levels is developing at a very to override anxiety and get you up on stage feeling confident.
rapid rate and as a result, it becomes difficult to keep up When you are still angry, you will likely have trouble
with. Therefore, sometimes technological advancement may processing logical statements.
become a barrier. Ans. (d)
and slowing down
Reason (R): Prejudice causes us to epitomise, or symbolise a Q30. Assertion (A): Focus on clear pronunciation
that you have understood
person, a group, an event or a thing on oversimplified ideas, your speech. Ensure and check
understood you.
beliefs, or opinions. what is been said and that others have fully
Ans. (c) barriers such as noise, environment,
Reason (R): Physical
Q 28. Assertion (A): It does not matter how good, well-formed and are the most
obvious barriers to effective
surroundings, etc.,
blocked or misinterpreted
well developed the communication system is; obstacles that communication. Messages may get
situation where the communication
hamper its effectiveness do occur within the communication due to the location or

system. takes place.

Ans. (b)

4 The Principles of Communication

Fastrack REVISICN
The Principles of Communication: Communication is an essential
step for the exchange of information. A small baby communicates
with a cry when he/she needs the mother. A dog barks loudly when
it senses danger. Humans communicate with the help of language.
Communication can be defined as the process of exchange of
information through means such as words, actions, signs, etc.,
between two or more individuals.
The skill to communicate is the prime factor that differentiates
human beings from animals. It is also the ability that distinguishes
Communication requires good listening skills, sensitivity to non
verbal cues, dissemination of information, awareness of cultural
differences, and appropriate documentation.
The communication process involves a procedure consisting of
a few steps. The source of information decides to communicate
and encodes a message, then transmits it through a channel to the
receiver; the message is then decoded and acted upon.
The Principles of Effective Communication: The principles refer

one individual from another.

to
the guidelines
task
that are Followed in performing or completing

Language and gestures play a significant role in human

a or
job so as to attain predetermined
purpose of effective the
objectives. For the
communication, principles
or guidelines
communication, whereas sounds and actions are important for which are often referred as 7 Cs should be followed.
Communication in animals.

The 7 Cs of Effective Communication

Principle of Principle of Principle of Principle of Principle of Principle of Principle of

Clarity Completeness Correctness Conciseness Coherence Credibility Continuity
Principle of Clarity >The communicator must be
very clear about all the features
of the idea in his mind and about the
The idea or message to be communicated should be correctly purpose for which 1t
is to be communicated. A clear
planned and expressed in a logical way. The communicator message will bring to mind
the same response from the other
should make sure that the ideas flow smoothly from party. The communicato
must be clear about the suitable
beginning to end. selection and usage of
medium through which the
message will be communicatea.

Understanding the subject will bring about clarity in the
communication. Do not jump from one part to another and
then back to the first aspect. This will lead to confusion for
you as well as for the reader.
Principle of Completeness
IE is one of the most essential ractors for
ofpcommunication. A message must be organised properly so
that it must include all the important ideals and its details.
The contents of the message must be carefully checked
and verified in order such that there is no omission of the
important details.
All the parts of the message must be grouped and brought
together in a logical sequence to prepare meaningful units.
Communication becomes incomplete if partial information is
provided.
Incomplete messages may orm doubts in the receiver's
mind. Completeness in writing is attained through proper
arrangement of ideas flowing into other ideas and
progressing into conclusion.
Principle of Correctness
Communication must be accurate in tone and style of
expression, spellings, format, grammar, content, information,
etc. There should not be any wrong statements in the
message.
The reader may lose confidence in the writer due to an
incorrectly written document. In the same way, incorrect
statements and errors of the speaker lower the listeners'
confidence in him and may also affect his image and reliability.
>The manner in which a message is transmitted must be
completely correct. Accuracy in writing can be achieved
o by proofreading and editing the content. Overwritings,
strikeovers, wrong spellings, wrong grammar, poor sentence
construction, etc., may distract the readers and may lead to
misunderstandings.
Principle of Conciseness
>Conciseness refers to thoughts expressed in a few words. It
nthouis an important factor in effective communication. It
InformationTechnology Class 10|Term-1 21
The communicator must avoid indirect beginning, use
of superlatives and
exaggeration of content. Adjectives
should be used carefully and judiciously. Avoid giving
irrelevant details, unnecessary expressions and unintelligible
sentences.
effective
Clear
+
Reduce
Concise
CONFUSION
Consistent
Principle of Coherence
>The word coherence is used to refer to make sense
of relationship between single units (sentences or
propositions) of a text. It is equally essential for good written
communication, Clear communication in simple sentences
helps the reader to understand better.
>Clarity and relation are the two important features of
coherence. Coherence means bringing together several
ideas, under one main topic in a paragraph.
Coherence, in the different parts of a message, leads to
meaningful communication where the writer/communicator
is well received, read, understood and acted upon by the
reader/receiver.
Principle of Credibility
A good writing is always direct and forceful. It has
the power and capability to bring out a reaction or desired
effect.
Clarity in writing brings about credibility because it ensures
that others understand the message quicklyand easily.
A clear and direct approach in communication makes it
possible to achieve the principle of credibility.
Principle of Continuity
I n any kind of communication: oral or written, the use of
jargons and colloquialism must be avoided. While writing,
jargon should not be used as it can make the message
means

confusing and unclear.

saying what is required to be said and nothing more.
We must exclude those words and sentences from our The effect of good writing depends on its style and continuity
results. of subject till the conclusion. If one takes care to be precise,
message which are not likely to bring desired
The message, which is expressed in fewer words, is more
correct and clear and if the continuity is maintained
impressive and effective than the same message expressed throughout the communication, the desired effect from the
receiver can be anticipated.
through long and complicated sentences.
Objective TYPE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice Questions 03. Which of the following is/are the main functions of
communication?
Q1 Through which of the following means information may be
a. Educating b. Informing
exchanged? d. All of these
b. Signs . Persuading
a. Gestures
C. Symbols d. All of these Ans. (d) All of these
Ans. (d) All of these is/are principle of effective
04. Which ofthe following the
Q2. Which of the following is not one of the main functions of communication?
communication?
a. Clarity b. Coherence
a. Educating b. Gathering
c. Correctness d. All of these
C. Informing d. Entertaining
Ans. (b) Gathering Ans. (d) All of these
22 MASTER MIND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
Q5. Which of the following is/are not the principle of Q 15. Communication becomes.eooooaeoceoseoeoseo
. if partial information
communication? is provided.
a. Comparison
b. Clarity a. complete b. incomplete
C. Completeness d. None of these C. attractive d. entertaining
Ans. (a) Comparison Ans. (b) incomplete
Q 6. Which of the following may help in getting accuracy in should verify the
Q16. It is important that the senders
written communication? information before transmitting it to
. o f the
0m00saeooecoo0
a. Use of
simple language the receiver.
b. Precision a. correctness b. coherence
c.
Proofreading and editing C. Conciseness d. None of these
d. All of the above
Ans. (a) correctnes5
Ans. (d) All of the above
Q17..m a y distract the readers and may lead to
Q7. What does the principle of completeness convey?
a. The misunderstanding.
use of simple language. a. Overwritings b. Strikeovers
b. The entire
message must be conveyed in one go. C. Wrong spellings d. All of these
C. All the
parts of the message must be grouped and brought
together in a logical sequence to prepare meaningful units. Ans. (d) Al of these
d. Efforts must be made to avoid grammatical errors and Q18. A good writing is always.
errors in spellings, punctuations, etc. a. direct b. forceful
Ans. (c) All the parts of the c. Both a and b d. None of these
message must be grouped and brought
together in a logical sequence to prepare meaningful units. Ans. (c) Both a and b
Q8. What is the meaning of conciseness in reference to Q19. brings about continuity and adds grace to
communication? communication.
a. Thoughts expressed in less words
a. Brevity b. Correctness
b. Complex sentences
C. Coherence d. Conciseness
c. Both of the above
Ans. (a) Brevity
d. None of the above
Q 20. . refers to thoughts expressed in less words.
Ans. (a) Thoughts expressed in less words
a. Brevity b. Correctness
Q9. Which of the following is/are the features of coherence?
C. Coherence d. Conciseness
a. It makes a text
semantically meaningful Ans. (d) Conciseness
sTb. It holds the text together and gives it meaning a
C. It allows the reader to Q 21. Communication is an exchange of ***eo*o*****oooce**o
... Oy tWO or
follow the intended
message. more persons.
d. All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above a. facts b. ideas
Q10. A clear and direct approach in communication makes it
C. opinions
emotion
or d. All of these
possible to achieve the principle I...eecooooeee**** Ans. (d) All of these
a. conciseness b. coherence Qcc.
C. credibility d. continuity
oesooeenene**** play a significant role in human
communication, whereas sound and actions
Ans. () credibility for communication in animals.
are
important
Q11. What does clarity bring? a. Language
a. Credibility
b. Gestures
b. Exact c. Both a and b
C. Confusion
response from the receiver d. None of these
d. Both a. and b. Ans. () Both a and b
Ans. () Credibility
Q12. The.. Q23. e*******************e***oeoS defined as a movement of
******o*seoooosoe must organise the message in such a part of the
way that every word is body, especially a hand or the head, to
receiver.
meaningful and of interest to the
meaning. express an idea or
a. communicator
a. Gestures
b. entertainer b. Language
C. encoder C. Ambiguity
d. decoder d. Clarity
Ans. (a) communicator Ans. (a) Gestures
13. seosesoensessossene Q 24.
.Communication in simple sentence o*eseenesseaee. 1S defined as the
reader to understand better. helps the more than one quality of being open to
a Soft a. Gestures interpretation.
b. Simple b. Language
C. Clear
d. Loud Cc. Ambiguity d. Clarity
Ans. (c) Clear Ans. (c) Ambiguity
Q14. The main function Q 25.
of communication is to .. IS quality the
a. inform b. educate People. performing consistently well. of being trustworthy or of
C. entertain a. Gestures
d. All of these
Ans. (d) All of these b. Reliability
C. Ambiguity
Ans. (b) Reliability d. Clarity

Assertion-Reason Type Questions
In the questions given below, there are two statements
marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements
and choose the correct option.
a. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation
of (A).
b. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) i5 not correct explanation
of (A).
c.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
d. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Q 26. Assertion (A): The skill to communicate is the prime factor
that differentiates human beings from animals.
Reason (R): Effective communication requires good
listening skills, sensitivity to non-verbal cues, dissemination
of information, awareness of cultural differences, and
appropriate documentation.
Ans. (b)
Q 27. Assertion (A): The term correctness refers to the guidelines
that are followed in performing or completing a task or job
so as to attain predetermined objectives.
Reason (R): Ambiguity is defined as a movement of part of
the body, especially a hand or the head,to express an idea or
meaning.
Ans. (c)
Q 28. Assertion (A): Coherence is defined as the quality of being
open to more than one interpretation.
Reason (R): Reliability is the quality of being trustworthy or
of performing consistently well.
Ans. (d)
Q 29. Assertion (A): Clarity in writing brings about credibility
because it ensures that others understand the message
quickly and easily.
Reason (R): A clear and direct approach in communication
makes it possible to achieve the principle of credibility.
Ans. (a)
Q30. Assertion (A):The communicator must be very clear about all
the features of the idea in his mind and about the purpose for
which it is to be communicated.
Reason (R): A clear message will bring to mind the same
response from the other party. The communicator must be
clear about the suitable selection and usage of medium
through which the message will be communicated.
Ans. (b)
Q31. Assertion (A): Message must be organised properlyso that it
must include all the important ideals and its details.
Reason (R): Understanding the subject will bring about clarity
in the communication. Do not jump from one part to another
and then back to the first aspect. This will lead to confusion
for you as well as for the reader.
Ans. (b)
InformationTechnology Class 10 Term-1| 23
Q32. Assertion (A):
Completeness in writing is attained through
proper arrangement of ideas flowing into other ideas and
progressing into conclusion.
Reason (R): Communication must be accurate in tone and
style of expression, spellings, format, grammar, content,
information, etc.
Ans. (b)
Q33. Assertion (A): The writer may lose confidence in the reader
due to an incorrectly written document.
Reason (R):The communicator must avoid indirect beginning,
use of superlatives and exaggeration of content.
Ans. (d)
Q34. Assertion (A): Conciseness refers to thoughts expressed
in a few words. It is an important factor in efective
communication. It means saying what is required to be said
and nothing more.
Reason (R): Adjectives should be used carefully and
judiciously. Avoid giving irrelevant detils, unnecessary
expressions and unintelligible sentences.
Ans. (b)
Q 35. Assertion (A): Clear communication in simple sentences
helps the reader to understand better.
Reason (R): The word coherence is used to refer to make
sense of relationship between single units (sentences or
propositions) of a text. It is equally essential for good written
communication.
Ans. (c)
Q 36. Assertion (A): Clarity means bringing together several ideas,
under one main topic in a paragraph.
Reason (R): Clarity and relation are the two important
features of coherence.
Ans. (d)
Q37. Assertion (A):A clear and direct approach in communication
makes it possible to achieve the principle of credibility.
Reason (R): Correctness in writing brings about credibility
because it ensures that others understand the message
quickly and easily.
Ans. ()
Q 38. Assertion (A): In any kind of communication: oral or written,
the use of jargons and colloquialism must be avoided.
Reason (R): The effect of good writing depends on its style
and continuity of subject till the conclusion.
Ans. (b)
 5 Basic Writing Skills
Fastrack REVISICN
Writing: It is a significant
discovery which not only allows us to and does not express a complete thought or an idea. Phrases can
Communicate but also helps in
our ideas,
maintaining a permanent record of be very short or quite long.
belief, opinions, and information.
Clause: A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a
Writing is one of the ways of sharing our thoughts, and predicate. A clause can sometimes act as a sentence. This type of
communicating ideas and views to others. Some people have the
innate talent to put their clause is an independent clause. Some clauses cannot be used on
thoughts into words. their own. These are called subordinate clauses and need to be
Writing Skills: Writing skills are essential for effective
Used with an independent clause to make a meaningful sentence.
Communication.
with
They help us to communicate our message easily Sentence: A sentence is a group or combination or words
clarity to an audience. ide
expresses a complete thought or makes a complete sense. For
Documents such as notes, e-mail, memos, letters, reports, etc.,
require good writing skills so that the ideas can be example: Plants need soil, water and sunlight to grow.
expressed The above combination of words gives a complete meaning or idea.
effectively.
Good writing skills are, therefore, significant and valued Such group of words can be termed as a sentence.
everywhere. People with good writing skills appear to be more A sentence must have all the words in proper sequence to give a
capable, intelligent, credible and responsible. proper and complete meaning. A sentence always begins with a
Phrase: A phrase is a group ofwords capital letter and ends with a full stop (), a question mark (), or
acting as a single part of speech
but does not contain a subject and a verb. It is a an exclamation mark (), depending on what type of sentence it is.
part of sentence
Sentences

Types of Sentences (On the basis of function) Types of Sentences (On the basis of structure)

Declarative Sentence Simple Sentence

Interrogative Sentence Compound Sentence

Imperative Sentence Complex Sentence

Exclamatory Sentence Complex-Compound Sentence

Types of Sentences (On the Basis of Function) Exclamatory Sentences: A sentence that shows
Declarative Sentences: Declarative sentences are used to feelings or emotions is an exclamatory sentence. It strong
convey information or to make a statement. They always end feelings or emotions of joy, anger, excitement, describes
with a full stop (). sorrow and appreciation. It
frustration,
For example: My cat is black. always ends with an exclamation
mark ().
Interrogative Sentences: The sentences that asks questions example: What a beautiful garden!
For
are interrogative senten ces. An interrogative sentence of
Types Sentences (On the Basis of
always ends with a question mark (?). Structure)
For example: Can we go to the beach today? Simple Sentences: A simple sentence is made up of
clause (main or independent only one
Imperative Sentences: A sentence that expresses a
the subject and the
clause). A main clause has
both
command, request, gives an advice or order is an imperative verb, and expresses a complete thought.
For example: He ate an
sentence. It usually ends with a full stop (), but may also end apple.
with an exclamation sign (), depending on the emotion in the Compound Sentences: A compound sentence has at least
two main clauses connected
sentence. by a conjunction such as, and,
for, nor, but, so, yet, or. It has no
For example: Pass me that dictionary, please. (Request)
For example: I called him, but
dependent clause.
he did not reply.
 Complex Sentences: Acomplex sentence has one main clause
Information Technology Class 10 Term-1 25
and at least one subordinate/dependent clause connected Complex-Compound Sentences: A
complex-compound
sentence is made up of at least two
by a conjunction such as although, because, since, unless, one or more
independent clauses and
when, etc., or a relative pronoun like who, that, which. dependent clauses.
For
For example: I saw a girl who was hungry.
example: Tom cried because the ball hit him, and
apologised immediately.
Parts of a Sentence: A sentence is a group or Words chat gives a complete thought or meaning. A sentence has the following three parts.
Let us learn about them:
Parts of a Sentence

Subject Predicate Object

The subject is the part that tells us who The predicate
is the part that tells us what Unlike the
subject who acts, an object is a noun or
or what the sentence is about. the subject does or is. a pronoun in a sentence which is acted upon.
For example: For example: For example:
Rohit is very happy. They are playing football. He is eating an apple.
She is writing. e Raman is writing a poem. Varun is singing a song.
David works in a factory. Samita is laughing. | Heisrepairing hislaptop.
Parts of Speech: In English language, words are the smallest elements that have unique meanings. On the basis of their usage and functions,
words are categorised into eight major parts of speech.

Noun

Interjection Pronoun

Parts
of Verb
phve d e h 9 o l n e o oonsPreposition bere5larmoo
Speech

Adverb
Conjunction

Adjective

idea or event.
Nouns: These are words that are used to describe a person, place, thing, animal,
For example: Jaipur is known as the Pink City.
The different types of nouns are as follows:
of persons, places things. or
) Proper noun It refers to the particular names
letter.
It always starts witha capital
For example: Jupite, Game oF Thrones, India, Gautam, Yamuna.
The nouns used to name general items.
i ) Common noun
For example: book, poet, museum.

(i) Concrete noun
iv) Abstract noun
The nouns which we can see, feel and touch.
It can be common noun, proper noun, countable and uncountable noun or collective noun. s
water bottle.
For example: flower, bear, Qutub Minar, bus,
which cannot be perceived through the five senses.
The nouns
They refer to emotions, ideas, concepts, tenets,
beliefs, qualities or your state of being.
For example: love, hate, jealousy, kindness, honesty,
courage.

be counted and has a singular and plural form.

I t refers to anything that
can
(v) Countable noun
painting-paintings.
|Forexample: candle-candles, cat-cats, the uncountable nouns. They are always singular.
under
(vi) Uncountable noun Anything that cannot be counted, comes

garbage, advice.
For example: water, cheese, intelligence,
(vi) Collective noun I t refers to a group of animals, things or persons.
For example: cattle, people, police.
describe a noun or a pronoun. It
of a For example: Adjectives: An Adjective is used to
Pronouns: APronoun is a word used in place
noun.

describes the qualities or states of nouns (funny,

delicious, slow). It
he, she, they, it, mine, yours, Ours.
we,
left them. can also describe the quantity
of nouns (five, little, many).
For example: This spectacles are where you
For example: Kapil draws funny cartoons.
26 MASTERMIND CHAPTERWISE CQuESTION BANK
Verbs: It is the most important part of speech. Without a verb, a The is used with uncountable
A is used for the expression
Sentence cannot exist. A verb is a word that expresses an action or nouns. For example: Pass me
of numbers. For example:
state of being of the subject, in à sentence. a hundred, a thousand, a the salt, please.
Different types of verbs are as millon, a billion, trillion.
follows The can be omitted before
Doing verb: shows the action of people and things. A is used before a noun in an
names of languages, material
exclamatory sentence. For
Being verb: shows that people and things exist nouns
example: You're such a liar! nouns, plural countable
Having verb: shows what people and things have. that refer to the entire class
For example: This is a peaceful place. and abstract nouns used in a
Adverbs: An adverb gives us more information about the verb A and an cannot be used
general way.
before uncountable nouns.
(action), in a sentence. It tells us when, how or where something9
was done. Adverbs are of four
types:
Forexample: water, milk, oil.
a collection of
Construction of Paragraph: A paragraph is
a
() Adverb of tells us how the action is done. sentences are organised in
sentences around a central topic. The
manner For example: quickly, softly, loudly. topic and meaning.
such an order that they convey a complete
(i) Adverb of| tells us when an action is performed. structure consists of the
Writing a Paragraph: A basic paragraph
time For example: today, yesterday, now, later, following sentences:
tomorrow.
topic sentence
(ii) Adverb of tells us where an action is performed. three supporting sentences
place For example: inside, up, there, here, a concluding sentence
downstairs. the main idea ofa paragraph.
Topic Sentence: Topic sentence gives
draw the reader
(iv) Adverb of tells us the intensity or the degree to It is also known as a hook sentence. It is used to

degree which a specific thing happens or is into the paragraph.

sentences, as the name
done. Supporting Sentences: The supporting
and support the topic sentence
For example: extremely, quite, almost, suggests, provide explanations
sentences give the evidence
completely, hardly,too, enough. (main idea) of the paragraph. These
include facts, reasoning,.
for the topic sentence. These sentences
Prepositions: A preposition shows the relationship between a statistics, etc., to make the statements more convincing9.
the main
noun or a pronoun with another noun, in the same sentence Concluding Sentence: The concluding sentence repeats
idea but in different words. It reinforces the opinion/point of view.
For example: in, on, over, outside, behind, with, across, through, till, Elements of Paragraph Writing: There are four key elements that
near, up. help to constitute a paragraph. These elements are unity, order,
For example: Neeraj is hiding under the bed.
coherence and completeness.
Conjunctions: A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or Unity: Unity in a paragraph begins with the topic sentence.
clauses together. The topic sentence is the first sentence of the paragraph and
For example: We waited for Madhu, but she did not turn up. has a single controling idea. The paragraph is unified around
are words that express sudden feelings or this main idea with the supporting sentences providing
Interjections: These details about it.
emotions. As interjections are commonly used to convey strong
emotions, they are followed by the exclamation sign () (Oh!, Alas!, Order: By order, we mean the way we organise our
supporting sentences. A good paragraph always has a
Hurrah!). definite organisation of thoughts.
For example: Hurrah! We won the championship.
Coherence: It is the quality that makes the writing
Articles: Articles are adjectives that modify nouns. They add to the
understandable. In a paragraph, it is very important that the
meaning of the nouns. They are always used before a noun, or an
sentences are connected well with each other and work together
adjective that modifies the noun.
as a whole. The best way to get coherence is to use transition
For example: a car, a pen, an apple, the sun, the earth.
words. These words show sequence (First, second, third), the
Types of Articles relationship (under, above, below) or logic (in fact, in addition)
Completeness: If all the sentences are clear and support
the main idea, a paragraph is complete. And if
enough
information and sentences are not there to prove facts, the
Indefinite articles (a and an) Definite articles (the) paragraph will be incomplete.
Six quick steps to develop a paragraph
Rules for the Usage of Articles Step 1: Decide an idea and create a topic sentence.

.A is used for expression of The is used with singular
qualities. nouns that represent a whole
For example: a dozen bananas class. For example: The lion is
a couple of hours, a lot of the king of the jungle.
traffic.
Step 2: Explain the idea/Demonstrate your point.
Step 3: Give suitable example(s) to support the idea.
Step 4: Explain the example(s).
Step 5: Tie-up the loose ends and conclude.
Step 6: Look over and proof read.
 InformationTechnology | Class 10 Term-1 27

Objective TYPE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice Questions Q11. Which ofthe following repeats the main idea and reinforces
the opinion?
Q1. Where do we use the skill of writing? a. Topic sentence b. Hook sentence
a. Writing letters b. Writing reports C. Supporting sentence d. Concluding sentence
d. Al of these Ans. (d) Concluding sentence
c.Writing thesis
Ans. (d) All of these Q12. .sseesasees is the quality that makes the writing
three parts of a sentence? understandable.
Q2. Which ofthe following are the
a. Subject, predicate and object a. Unity b. Order
b. Subject., verb and adverb C. Coherence d. Completeness

C. Subject, predicate and verb Ans. (c) Coherence

Q13. Which of the following field($) use Writing as a medium of
d. Subject, object and pronoun
communication?
Ans. (a) Subject, predicate and object
a. Medicine b. Technology
not the of sentences on the basis of structure?
Q3. Which is type d. All of these
a. Compound sentence b. Exclamatory sentence
c. Education
Ans. (d) All of these
C. Simple sentence d. Complex sentence
Q14. Which of the following is necessary for effective writing?
Ans. (b) Exclamatory sentence
a. Grammar and spellings
Q4. Which of the following is a group of words that expresses a
b. Concept and idea
complete thought and makes complete sense?
c. Environment
a. Preposition b. Sentence
d. Adverb d. Pen and paper
C.Conjunction
Ans. (a) Grammar and spellings
Ans. (b) Sentence
Q5. Which of the following is the most important part of speech?Q15.
Which of the following is not there in a phrase?
a. Noun and pronoun b. Verb and adverb
a. Noun b. Adverb
C. Subject and verb d. Preposition and noun
C. Verb d. Adjective
Ans. (C) Subject and verb
Ans. () Verb
Q6. Which is not an example of preposition? Q16. A simple sentence is made up of:
a. one clause b. two clauses
a. Across b. Till
C. three clauses d. None of these
c. Outside d. None of these
Ans. (a) one clause
Ans. (d) None of these
Q17. The noun that cannot be perceived through five senses is
Q7. A conjunction is a word that joins... . .together.
*********************
known as:
a. words b. phrases
a. common noun b. abstract noun.
C. clauses d. All of these
C. Concrete noun. d. collective noun.
Ans. (d) All of these
Ans. (b) abstract noun.
Q8. . . are words that express sudden feeling or
Q18. Writing without errors gives *aseoe********e**
about the
emotions
writer.
a. Interjection b. Preposition
C. Adverb d. Concrete noun
a. bad impression b.goodimpression
c. Both a and b d. None of these
Ans. (a) Interjection
a noun, or an Ans. (b) good impression
Q9. Articles are always used..
adjective that modifies a noun. Q19. A phrase does not express a complete. sso*ae***e

a. after b. with a idea b. thought

C. before d. None of these C. Both a and b d. None of these
Ans. () before Ans. (c) Both a and b
Q10. Howmanyminimum sentences are there in a basic paragraph? 20. The. .is the part that tells us what the subject
does or is.
a. Three b.Eight
a. predicate b. clause
C. Five d. Ten ee
Ans. () Five C. phrase d. None of these o
Ans. (a) predicate
28 MASTERMIND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
Q21 and stop.
Oun refers to a group of animals,things or Q31 .
tells the reader when to start
persons. a. Phrase b. Clause
a. Collective noun b. Proper noun d. All of these
C. Punctuation
C. Concrete noun d. Abstract noun Ans. () Punctuation
Ans. () Collective noun idea but in different
Q32. The . .

sessenoneodsnenoeopeseess
repeats the main

Q22 s*sesheseoeseeeeosnssvesoos 1S Usea to describe a noun or a pronoun. words.

a. declarative sentences
a. Adjective b. Noun
D. imperative sentences
C. Adverb d. Verb
C. hook sentences
Ans. (a) Adjective
d. concluding sentences
Q23. A.
A.. i s a word that shows action or the state of
Ans. (d) concluding sentences
being of the subject in a sentence. words.
is to use.
Q33. The best wayto get coherence
ese*saoesoe***oaoe

a. adjective b. noun
b. intransitive
a. transitive
C. adverb d. verb
c. both a and b d. None of these
Ans. (d) verb
Ans. (a) Transitive
Q 24. **wsmeesaesnosasnoeoosonono
. tells us how the action is done. in
Verb tense and point of view also helps
Q34. A.osesen
a. Adverb of manner b. Adverb of degree maintaining coherence.

C. Adverb of time d. Adverb of place a. inconsistent b. consistent

Ans. (a) Adverb of manner d. intransitive

C. transitive

Co. . tells us the intensity or the degree to which Ans. (b) consistent
a specific thing happens or is done.
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
a. Adverb of manner b. Adverb of degree
C. Adverb of time d. Adverb of place two statements
In the questions given below, there are
Ans. (b) Adverb of degree marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read
the statements
**********seee
S h o w s the relationship between a noun or a and choose the correct option.
Q26.
pronoun with another noun, in the same sentence. a. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation
a. Preposition b. Articles f (A)
c. Verb d. Adverb b. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation
Ans. (a) Preposition of (A).
Q 27. **sBsposooosonoooesone are adjectives that modify nouns. c.(A) is true, but (R) is false.

a. Preposition b. Articles d. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

c Verb e d. Adverb Q35. Assertion (A): The sentences that asks questions are
interrogative sentences.
Ans. (b) Articles
vowel Reason (R): An interrogative sentence always ends with a
Q28. **ssssse**soosossosssesos.
is used before words starting with a

SOund.
question mark (?).

a. A b. An Ans. (a)
d. None.of these 0 36. Assertion (A): Aclause is a group of words that has a subject
C. The
and a predicate.
Ans. (a) A
Reason (R): A clause can sometimes act as a sentence. Some
Q29. Topic sentences are also known as. clauses cannot be used on their own.
a. Declarative sentences
Ans. (b)
b. Imperative sentences
Q 37. Assertion (A): A complex sentence is one has one main clause
c. Hook sentences
and at least one subordinate/dependent clause connected by
d. None of the above a conjunction such as altthough, because, since, unless, when,
Ans. () Hook sentences etc., or a relative pronoun like who, that, which.
iS used to draw a reader to the Reason (R): A sentence that shows strong feelings
30. A
Sentence
or
paragraph. emotions is an exclamatory sentence. It describes feelings
a. topic b. hook or emotions of joy, anger, excitement, frustration, sorrow and

C. imperative
d. Both a and b appreciation. It always ends with an exclamation mark (9
Ans. (b)
Ans. (d) Both a andb

Q 98, Assertion (A): Writing is one of the ways of sharing our
thoughts, and communicating lideas and views to others.
Some people have the Innate talent to put their thoughts
Into words.
Reason (R): Writing skills are skills essential for effective
communication. They help us to communicate our mesage
Information Technology Class 10 Term-1 29
Reason (R): Completeness is defined as if all the sentences
are clear and
support the main idea, a paragraph is complete.
And if enough information and sentences are not there to
prove facts, the paragraph will be incomplete.
Ans. (b)
045. Assertion (A): Adverb of time tells us the intensity or the

easily with clarity to an audience. degree to which a specific thing happens or is done.
Ans. (6) Reason (R): Articles are adjectives that modify nouns. They
the noun which
Abstract pronoun is defined as add to the meaning of the nouns. They are always used
Q39. Assertion (A):
cannot be percelved through the five senses. They refer to before a noun, or an adjective that modifies the noun.
emotions, ideas, concepts, beliefs, qualities. Ans. (d)
Reason (R): Adverb of degree tells us the intensity or the Q46. Assertion(A):The can be omitted beforenames of languages,
material nouns, plural countable nouns that refer to the
degree to which a specific things happens or is done.
entire class and abstract nouns used in a general way.
Ans. (d)
Reason (R): A passage is a collection of sentences around a
Q40. Assertion (A): Topic sentence gives the main idea of a
central topic. The sentences are organised in such an order
paragraph. It is also known as a hook sentence. It is used to
that they convey a complete topic and meaning.
draw the reader into the paragraph.
Ans. (c)
Reason (R): A phrase is a collection of sentences around a sentences, the name
central topic. The sentences are organised in such an order Q47. Assertion (A): The supporting as

that they convey a complete topic and meaning. suggests, provide explanations and support the topic
sentence (main idea) of the paragraph. These sentences give
Ans. (c) the evidence for the topic sentence.
of only one
Q41. Assertion (A): A simple sentence is made up this main idea
has both Reason (R): The paragraph is unified around
clause (main or independent clause). A main clause
with the supporting sentences providing details about it.
the subject and the verb, and expresses a complete thought.
two main Ans. (b)
Reason (R): A compound sentence has at least
but, Q48. Assertion (A): Order in a paragraph begins with the topic
clauses connected bya conjunction such as, and, for, nor, is the first sentence of the
sentence. The topic sentence
so, yet, or. It has no dependent clause. idea.
paragraph and has a single controlling
Ans. (b) Reason (R): To write a good sentence,
one must think about
sentence has one
Assertion (A): A complex-compound one wants to
Q42. clause the theme, or title, and all the necessary points
one subordinate/dependent
main clause and at least
because, since, emphasize.
connected by a conjunction such as although, Ans. (d)
relative
pronoun like who, that, which.
unless, when, etc., or a makes the writing
a command, request, Q49. Assertion (A): Unity is the quality that
Reason (R): A sentence that expresses understandable. In a paragraph, it is very
important that
an imperative
sentence.
gives an advice or order is with each other and work
the sentences are connected well

Ans. (d) together as a whole.

sentence is made up of at sentences. Most of
Q43. Assertion (A): Complex-compound Reason Make simple and precise
(R):
clauses and one or more dependent and
least two independent caused while writing long
the grammatical errors are
is the most powerful
clauses.
ends with a full complex sentences. A short sentence
Reason Interrogative sentence usually
(R): way to convince.
exclamation sign depending
end with an
stop, but may also Ans. (d)
in the sentence. around
on the emotion collection of sentences
Q 50. Assertion (A): A passage is a
sentences are organised
in such an order
Ans. () a central topic. The
that makes the writing
Q44. Assertion (A): Coherence is the quality that the that they convey a complete topic
and meaning.
is
paragraph, it is very important for effective writing
Reason (R): The most important tip
understandable. In a

sentences are connected

well with each other and work Extensive readers are always
to read as much as possible.
get coherence is to
use
as a whole. The
best way to effective writers.
together
transition words.
Ans. (d)