Grammar Chapter 1

Present Tense
"Updated"

Done by:
Mohamed
Twitter: @NLThing_
 Simple: Progressive:
* Format: * Format:
1- Singular: S+V(s)+O 1- Singular: S+is+Ving+O
2- Plural: S+V+O 2- Plural: S+are+Ving+O

* Used in: * Used in:

1- Daily habits or usaual activities An activity that is in progress (occurring, happening)
2- General statments of fact. right now.

* Q/N: * Q/N:
1- Singular: 1- Singular:
- Q: Does + S+V+O+? - Q: Is + S+Ving+O+?
- N: S+ does not or doesn't +V+O. - N: S+ is not or isn't +Ving+O.
2- Plural: 2- Plural:
- Q: Do+ S+V+O+? - Q: Are+ S+Ving+O+?
- N: S+ do not or don't +V+O. - N: S+ are not or aren't +V+O.
Short "Q" Answers by: Short "Q" Answers by:
- Plural: Yes or No, S+ do or don't - Plural: Yes or No, S+ are or aren't
- Singular: Yes or No, S+ does or doesn't - Singular: Yes or No, S+ is or isn't

Frequency Adverbs:
* Positive: * Negative:
- Always, Almost always, Usually", Often", - Seldom, rarely, hardly ever, almost ever,
Frequently", Generally", Sometimes", and not ever, and never.
Occasionally". * Negative Rules:
": may come in the beginning or the end of a 1- Seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never are
sentence. not used with a negative BeV.
* Positive Rules: - Correct: Anna + never + eats + meat.
1- Between the subject and the simple verb. - Incorrect: Anna + doesn't + never +
- Karen + always (FA)+ tells (V) the truth. eat + meat.
2- Follow be verbs in the simple present.
- Karen + is (BeV) + always (FA)+ on time.
3- In question, come directly after the * Ever Rules:
subject. 1- Asking about frequency.
- Do + you (S) + always (FA) + eat + - Do + ever + take + the bus + to work+?
breakfast. 2- Used in negative sentence.
4- Most of FA come in front of a negative BeV - Correct: I + don't + ever + walk to work
(except always & ever). - Incorrect: I + ever + walk to work.
- Ann + usually (FA) + doesn't (N.BeV) +
eat + breakfast.
- Sue + doesn't (N.BeV) + always (FA) +
eat + breakfast.

* Notes:
FA: Frequency Adverb , BeV: Be Verb, Q: Question, N: Negative, S: Subject, O: Object, V: Verb, Ving: Verb + ing
 Non-Action Verbs:

* Used only in present simple: * Exceptions:

1- hear, see, and sound 1- Think: used in present progressive when
2- Believe, think, understand, expresses thoughts.
know, and mean. - I am thinking about finals.
3- Be and exist. 2- Have: used in present progressive when
4- Seem, look like. doesn't mean "own".
5- Own, have, posses, and belong. - I am having dinner now.
6- Need, want, and prefer. 3- See: used in present progressive when
7- Like, love, and hate. expresses appointment.
8- Forget and remember. - I am seeing the dentist this afternoon.
9- Agree and disagree.

Final Spelling of -s and -es:

* -s: * -es:
1- Regular verbs: 1- Verbs end with (ch,sh,s,x, and z)
- visit visits - box boxes
2- Verbs end with (Vowel + -y): 2- Verbs end with (Constant+ -y)
- Play Plays - fly flies
* Exceptions:

☐
1- have has
2- go
3- do
goes
does

*Notes:
- Vowel: a,u,e,i, and o
- Constant; rest letters.