ASIAN INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES

Roxas Blvd. Pasay City, Philippines 1300

Welding Joints
Tee Joint
Tee welding joints are formed when two members intersect at a 90° angle which makes the edges come together in the center of a plate or component.  Tee
Joints are considered a type of fillet weld, and can also be made when a pipe or tube is welded onto a base plate.  Extra care is required to ensure effective
penetration into the roof of the weld.
Lap Joint
Lap welding joints are used most often to joint two pieces with differing thicknesses together.  Also considered a fillet type, the weld can be made on one
or both sides.  A Lap Joint is formed when 2 pieces are placed in an over lapping pattern on top of each other.
Edge Joint
Edge welding Joints are often applied to sheet metal parts that have flanging edges or are placed at a location where a weld must be made to attach to
adjacent pieces.  Being a groove type weld, Edge Joints, the pieces are set side by side and welded on the same edge.  For heavier applications filler metal is added
to melt or fuse the edge completely and to reinforce the plate.
Corner Joint
Being one of the most popular welds in the sheet metal industry the Corner welding joint is used on the outer edge of the piece.  This weld is a type of joint
that comes together at right angles between two metal parts to form an L.  These are common in the construction of boxes, box frames and similar fabrications.
Butt Joint
Being the universally accepted method for attaching a pipe to itself it’s also used for valves, flanges, fittings, and other equipment.   A butt welding joint is
also known as a square grove weld.  It’s the easiest and probably the most common weld there is.  It consists of two flat pieces that are side by side parallel.  It’s a
very affordable option.
Fillet Welded Joints
Fillet Welded Joints are just another terminology for corner, lap, and tee joints. Fillet Welded Joints are the most common type of welding joint and
accounts for nearly 75% of joints made with arc welding. You do not need to prepare the edge and this type of joint make it easy to weld piping systems. Butt
welds are more expensive than fillet welds. Fillet welds are mostly used in piping systems to join pipe to socket joints.

Welding Defects

Name: NOVAL, ANDRONICO ll M. Title: Welding Joints and Welding Defects Activity No.:1
Yr./Section: NAME 21-B1 Date Submitted: 8-25-20
Course Code: ELEC 213
 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES
Roxas Blvd. Pasay City, Philippines 1300

Weld Crack
The most serious type of welding defect is a weld crack and it’s not accepted almost by all standards in the industry. It can appear on the surface, in the
weld metal or the area affected by the intense heat.
Porosity
Porosity occurs as a result of weld metal contamination. The trapped gases create a bubble-filled weld that becomes weak and can with time collapse.
Undercut
This welding imperfection is the groove formation at the weld toe, reducing the cross-sectional thickness of the base metal. The result is the weakened
weld and workpiece.
Incomplete Fusion
This type of welding defect occurs when there’s a lack of proper fusion between the base metal and the weld metal. It can also appear between adjoining
weld beads. This creates a gap in the joint that is not filled with molten metal
Incomplete Penetration
Incomplete penetration occurs when the groove of the metal is not filled completely, meaning the weld metal doesn’t fully extend through the joint
thickness.
Slag Inclusion
Slag inclusion is one of the welding defects that are usually easily visible in the weld. Slag is a vitreous material that occurs as a byproduct of stick
welding, flux-cored arc welding and submerged arc welding. Is can occur when the flux, which is the solid shielding material used when welding, melts in the
weld or on the surface of the weld zone.
Spatter
=Spatter occurs when small particles from the weld attach themselves to the surrounding surface. It’s an especially common occurrence in gas metal arc
welding. No matter how hard you try, it can’t be completely eliminated. However, there are a few ways you can keep it to a minimum.

Name: NOVAL, ANDRONICO ll M. Title: Welding Joints and Welding Defects Activity No.:1
Yr./Section: NAME 21-B1 Date Submitted: 8-25-20
Course Code: ELEC 213