18/2017 101 (Penetrameter) Selection in Industral Rasiography Testing - MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IQI (Penetrameter) Selection in Industrial Radiography Testing 8 s9AM IMAGE OF ASTM IAI How to select the penetrameter (IQ) for radiography? Or How to ensure that proper sensitivity is there on the radiography film? IQ] or Penetrameter is used to ensure that the minimum reqt radiography film. .d sensitivity is there on the What is sensitivity? Sensitivity of a radiography film is the minimum size of discontinuity that can be detected in that radiography film. How we will ensure that the req 1d sensitivity is there on the radiography film? This is done by using IOI or Penetrameter Most of the codes and specification asks for a minimum sensitivity of 2%. In the below example you will understand what is mean by 2% sensitivity Example - 1: hitp:hereeshk-blogspot com ]9/2013/05Vi-panetrameter-selectionin html asierz0:7 hitp:hareeshkx-blogspat.com.]29/2013/05i-panetrameter 101 (Penetrameter) Selection in Industral Rasiography Testing - MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY You have to radiograph a plate to plate welded joint of 8mm thickness. The specification asks for 2% sensitivity. Now 2% of &mm=0.16mm. So in the radiography film a discontinuity of size from 0.1mm should be visible. In other words, at least the discontinuity starting from the size of 0.16mm should be visible. In other words the minimum size of the discontinuity that should be visible in the radiography film is of 016mm, Now how will you measure that the radiography film is having minimum 2% sensitivity. We have to use the ‘instrument’ called IQ! or Penetrameter. IQ] is a set of standard wires having standard diameter.(Hole type IQ1 is also used. In that case it will be standard thickness plates with standard diameter holes). The IQ is placed on a radiography film while doing the radiography. The image will be caught in the film. If the wire having 0.16mm diameter is visible in the radiography film, then we can say that the film is having a sensitivity of this 2%. ‘The IQ that is commonly used is of ASTM and DIN standards We will discuss about how the IQI is selected based on ASTM standard Below table (Table 233 T-233,2 in ASME BPVC Sec V) is the set of ASTM wire type IQ with its wire diameters. TABLE 7-233.2 WIRE IQI DESIGNATION, WIRE DIAMETER, AND WIRE IDENTITY Sea Sete Wire Wire Wire Wire Diameter, in. (mm) Identity Diameter, in. (mm) Identity 0.0032 (0.08) 1 0.010 © (0.25) & 0.004 (0.1) 2 0013033) 7 0.005 (03) 0.0% = 0.41) 0.0063 (0.16) 4 0.020 ««051) 8 0.008 (0.20) 5 0.025 (0.64) 10 0010 (025) 6 00% oa) on Set Set D Wire Wire Wire Wire Diameter, in (mm) Identity Diameter, in. (mm) _ Identity oo = (9.8) 100 2.54) oo = 1.02) 0.12 © (3.20) 17 oo | 027) 160 © 4.06) 18 0.063 (2.60) a4 0.200 © (5.08) 19 0.080 (2.03) 15 0.250 (6.35) 20 100 (2.54) 16 0.320 (813) 21 Now to our above example, select the set of IQ! to be used. How this is done? ection in htm 218sierz0:7 101 (Penetrameter) Selection in Industral Rasiography Testing - MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY What is the minimum size of wire to be shown in our radiography film in our example? Itis of 0.16mm, Select the sot of wire having 0.16mm dia wire. Itis in ‘set A’ in the above table and the wire is having a identity number of 4. So use this set at the time of taking radiography and if that wire is visible (3 wires minimum wil be visible that is wire of thickness 0.16mm, 0.2mm and 0.25mm will be visible) in the film, then that radiography film is said to be of having 2% sensitivity. Example 2: Radiography to be done on a plate with thickness of 32mm with a minimum sensitivity of 2%. Now the 2% of 32 that is 32 x 2/100=0.64mm Select the set having a wire of 0.64mm thickness from the table given above, It is set B and wire identity number is 10. Ifin the radiography film of the above 32mm thickness plate, the wire with identity number 10 is, visible, we can say that the radiography film is having 2% sensitivity. Now do the reverse process to find out what is the sensitivity of a radiography film. We have taken the radiography of a 60mm thickness plate and in the radiography film used set C and the wire with identity number up to 12 is visible (5 wires will be visible in this radiography film). What is the sensitivity? Find the diameter of the wire having identity number 12. From the table, it is 1.02mm. Sensitivity = Diameter of the smallest IQI wire visible x 100 / Thickness of the plate radiographed, So in the above case, Sensitivity = 1.02 X 100 / 60 = 1.7% So the sensitivity is higher than that is required and the radiography film is acceptable from sensitivity point of view. ‘The 2% sensitivity is an old method or we can say that a thumb rule for calculating sensitivity. ASME BPVC Section 5 specifies the wire identity number that shall be minimum visible while taking radiography of material with minimum thickness range as in the below table. hitp:hereeshk-blogspot com ]9/2013/05Vi-panetrameter-selectionin html 314ierz017 101 (Penetrameter) Selection in Industral Rasiography Testing - MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TABLE T-276 Jol SELECTION Swot Sie Fin See Nona Sica Wokctype Euenial —WireType Helston Ewart —_WirecType aerial Thiceess Rang, n(n’) __Dasation Hele Essential Wire Designation Hote _Esenial Wire Up 19025, ie (6.8) or 9 ar 4 Over 0.25 tough 0375t6.4 Bveien 95) ar 2 a 5 rer 0.375 trough 0.50 1.5 tough 12.7 ar 8 or ‘ Oper 075 touth 1.60 9. tough 25.4) or 2 ar 8 rer 1.00 hough 1.50 (25.4 trough 398.2 or B Ba ° Ore 1.50 tough 2.60 (38.1 treat 20.8) or 2 ar 10 Dre 2.09 truth 2.30 (80.8 trash 633) or = or 0 Dre 259 tran. (3.8 treagh 10.8) ar © or 2 Dre 09 taupe 2 02 4 erage 152.0) ar 2 ar B Ofer 6.09 though 8.0 252.4 troupe 203.2) ar 2 ar “ rer 8.00 tough 20.00 1203-2 rough 258.0) ar = ar % (rer 10.0 through 12.00 12540 thrush 3942 ar 100 ar 7 Ore 12.00 through 16.00 (3048 Uragh 4064 ar 129 ar 13 rer 16.00 through 2.00 (406.4 Urush 508.0) ar 109 br 2 Please note an interesting fact in this. Up to and including 6.4 mm thickness the IQl identity number that shall be visible is 5 for source side and 4 for film side. The other important point to note in the IQI selection is that the IQI shall be made up of the same material as that of the material to be radiographed or the IQ! shall be of a radiographically similar material In general, in most cases, film side radiography is done due to practicality in doing the settings for radiography. Recommended Further Reading: Hole-Type IQ hitp:hereeshk-blogspotcom.]99/2013/05Vi-panetrameter-selection in html aa