Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bus - Math 11 q1 Module 3
Bus - Math 11 q1 Module 3
Business
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Kinds of Proportion
Business Mathematics – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Kinds of Proportion
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Business
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Kinds of Proportion
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Business Math for Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Kinds of
Proportion!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
2
For the learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
3
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
4
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the topic on kinds of proportion. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
5
What I Know
Before we are going to proceed with our lesson, let me know first what you have
learned about kinds of proportion from your previous lessons by answering the
following questions.
Direction: Read and understand the following problems carefully. Encircle the letter
of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is the relation between two numbers with the same kind?
a. rate
b. ratio
c. proportion
d. percentage
2. A basketball team won 15 games and lost 5 games. What is the ratio of the
games won to the total games played?
a. 1:3
b. 3:1
c. 3:4
d. 4:3
4. What proportion states that as “one variable increases, the other variable
decreases”?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. negative
6
6. Which concept is being involved when a whole portion is divided into parts
that is proportional to the given ratio?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
7. What kind of proportion states that an increase of one variable will also
increase the other variable & the decrease in one will also decrease the other?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
9. What kind of proportion is involved between the time taken for a journey and
the speed of the car at a uniform distance?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
11. In a T-shirt factory, 5 employees can finish designing 20 T-shirts in two hours.
How long will it take 10 people to finish designing 20 t-shirts? What kind of
proportion the problem illustrates?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
7
12. Partners A, B, and C share profit and losses: 20% to A, 30% to B, and 50% to
C. Compute the share of each if the partnership earned a net income of
₱15,000. What kind of proportion is illustrated in the given problem?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
8
Lesson
3 Kinds of Proportion
Hello! Do you know that the concept of proportion is very useful in every real-
life situation especially in business? We can apply proportion to know and compare
the price of every item sold in the market, or a piece of share in an inheritance and
many others.
What’s In
To begin with, let us refresh your mind on the concept of ratio which is very
essential in your learning on different kinds of proportion. Let’s take a look on it.
Mila, Brenda and Pauline decided to invest ₱100 000 in a burger shop
business along Fil-Am Avenue, Fatima, General Santos City. The table shows the
specific amount of their investment.
Questions:
Answers:
9
A RATIO is comparison of two numbers or measurement. The terms of the
ratio are the numbers or measurements being compared. The expression 1:2 (read
as “one is to two”), ½, 1÷2, indicate ratios. We are comparing the relationship
between 1 and 2. When we are asked to give the ratio of Mila’s investment to the
whole investment, the answer is ₱50,000: ₱100,000. Expressing it in simplified form,
we get 1:2, where 1 represents her investment and 2 refers to the total investment.
Examples:
Wow! You are already refreshed. Let us now proceed to the next part of this
module.
What’s New
This module focuses on the kinds of proportions and how these are applied into
real life situations. But before we proceed, let us ponder first on the given activity
below.
Direction: State if the following equations and situations illustrates direct, inverse or
partitive proportion. Write your answer under the kinds of proportion
column.
10
Situation Kinds of Proportion
1. 2:1 = 24:12
2. 3:2 = 6:1
3. 3:8 = 6:4
4. Girl : Boy = 4:5
5. Divide 330 into 1:2:3
6. The cost of apples at ₱50 per
kilogram
7. The number of workers and the
number of days to work
8. The amount of flour needed to
make muffins
9. Dividing a family inheritance in the
ratio of 2:3:3
10. The speed of a vehicle and the time
of travel in a uniform distance
Very good! You are now ready to discover more about proportion.
What is It
In this part of the module you will learn about proportion and its kinds. Let us
take a look on it.
What is proportion?
An equation showing two ratios that are equal is called a proportion. It can
be written in two ways:
𝑎 𝑐
1. As Two Equal Fractions =
𝑏 𝑑
𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑
2. Using a Colon
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑠
Since the two ratios are equal, the product of the means is equal to the product
of the extremes.
11
Illustrative Example 1:
Solution:
15 𝑥
=
35 70
Illustrative Example 2:
One (1) dozen of apples costs ₱240. How much does three (3) dozens cost?
Solution:
x = 720
Kinds of Proportion
1. Direct Proportion. It is the relationship between two variables when their ratio is
equal to a constant value. Say, 𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥 when the
equation takes the form: 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥, where k is the constant term. In this
proportion, an increase of one variable will also an increase of the other
variable, and a decrease in one variable will also the decrease of the
other.
12
Sample word problem:
If 10 cactus plants cost ₱2,000, then how much do 8 cactus plants cost?
The total amount of sales is directly proportional to the number of cactus sold.
We see that the greater the number of cactus, the higher is the total cost.
If 10 cactus plants cost ₱2,000, it is expected that the cost of 8 cactus plants
will be lesser than ₱2,000. In the problem, the number of cactus plants and total
cost are directly proportional hence the more cactus you buy, the higher the cost will
be or the lesser cactus you buy, the lower the cost.
2:1 = 5:𝒙
13
If 2 employees can finish 20 bottles in one hour, then five employees will take
less than an hour to manufacture 20 bottles. We see that more workers on a job
would reduce the time to complete the task.
3. Partitive Proportion. A whole is divided into parts that is proportioned into equal
or unequal ratios.
Karen wants to donate her collection of figurines to her four friends in the ratio
of 1:3:3:5. She has a total of 96 figurines. If her best friend wants the most number of
figurines, how many figurines will she get?
What’s More
Let us try to answer more challenging sets of problems and activities about ratio
and kinds of proportion.
Direction: Give what is being asked in the following problem. All answers must be in
simplified form.
1. Express the sentence into ratio: In selling personalized cakes, the cost of
packaging is ₱60 and the cost of ingredients is ₱340.
Answer: _______________
14
2. Cheska participates in a baking contest. During the competition, Cheska made
sure she put 2 cups of sugar and 4 eggs on every cake. What would be the
ratio of the cups of sugar to the number of eggs if she baked 4 cakes?
Answer: _______________
3. Liza, Kathryn and Nadine are partners. Their capital balances are ₱20 000,
₱40 000 and ₱30 000 respectively. What is their capital ratio?
Answer: _______________
Answer: _______________
5. A basketball team won 15 games and lost 5 games. What is the ratio of
games lost to the games won?
Answer: _______________
Answer: _____________________
2. If Mang Gorio wants to give ₱5,000 to his four children in the ratio of 1:2:3:4
for their weekend allowance, how much will each of the four children receive?
Answer: _____________________
3. It takes 4 mechanics to repair a car for 6 hours. How long will it take for 7
mechanics to do the repair, if they work at the same rate?
Answer: _____________________
Answer: _____________________
15
5. Miss Menor donated ₱60 000 as a club fund for the upcoming school
fair. The Math Club, Science Club, and the Art Club will share the
amount in the ratio 2:3:5 How much will each group receive?
Answer: _____________________
Now that you’ve learned a lot from the very start of our module, let’s summarize
our lesson from the very start by filling in the blanks with the correct statement.
16
What I Can Do
Here is another activity that will help you apply what you have learned about
kinds of proportion.
Direction: Choose the letter of the following real-life situations and problems that
illustrates direct, inverse and partitive proportion. Write your answer on
the second column.
Direct Proportion
Inverse Proportion
Partitive Proportion
17
Assessment
Now that we are about to end this module, let us assess your learnings by
answering the following questions. Do your best in this test. Goodluck!
Direction: Read and understand the following problems carefully. Encircle the letter
of the correct answer.
1. A couple went out for a date and spent ₱1,500 on dinner and ₱400 at the
movie theater. What is the ratio of peso spent on dinner and the total amount
spent for a movie?
a. 4:15
b. 15:4
c. 15:19
d. 19:15
2. A basketball team won 15 games and lost 5 games. What is the ratio of games
lost to the total games won?
a. 1:3
b. 1:4
c. 3:4
d. 4:3
4. What proportion states that as one variable increases, the other variable
decreases?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. negative
18
6. What kind of proportion is involved between the time taken for a journey and
the speed of the car at a uniform distance?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
8. What kind of proportion is involved when a whole portion is divided into parts
that is proportional to the given ratio?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
10. What kind of proportion states that an increase of one variable will also
increase the other variable?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
19
12. Amid the pandemic, Jonald wants to donate 32 boxes of facemasks to the
three elementary schools of North Fatima District, in the ratio of 1:3:2. What
kind of proportion the situation illustrates?
a. direct proportion
b. inverse proportion
c. partitive proportion
d. combined proportion
14. To finish a certain job is 6 days, 3 workers are needed. If it is required to finish
the same job 2 days in advance, how many workers have to work? What kind
of proportion the problem illustrates?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
15. Partners X, Y, and Z share profit and losses: 10% to A, 25% to B, and 45% to
C. Compute the share of each if the partnership earned a net income of ₱15,
000. What kind of proportion the given problem illustrates?
a. direct
b. inverse
c. partitive
d. combined
20
Additional Activities
Congratulations! You’re done with this module. I know you’ve learned a lot from
different kinds of proportion. But for more additional activity, I want you to answer
the given problem below as a preparation for your next module.
1. Sean Matthew can read 10 books in 2 months. If he plans to read 30 books, how
many months will it take him to finish them all? __________________________
Good Job! You did well on this module! Prepare for your next module.
21
22
Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc. pp.53-69
Lopez, B.R., Lundag, L. Dagal, K.A. & Garces, I.J. (2016). Business Math Textbook.
Reference
What I Know What’s New What’s More
Activity 2
1. b Activity 1 1. 3:17
2. b 2. 8:16
3. d 1. Direct 3. 2:4:3
4. b 2. Inverse 4. 11:9
5. b 3. Inverse 5. 1:3
6. c 4. Partitive
7. a 5. Partitive
8. b 6. Direct
9. b 7. Inverse
10. d 8. Direct Activity 3
11. b 9. Partitive 1. Direct
12. c 10. Inverse 2. Partitive
13. c 3. Inverse
14. d 4. Inverse
15. a 5. partitive
What I Have What I Can Do Assessment Additional
Learned Activity 5 1. b Activities
Activity 3 2. a
1. Direct 3. a
4. b 1. 6 months
1. relation = b, d, h 5. b
6. b
2. 5 and 6; 2. inverse
7. d
= c, g, j 8. c
3 and 10 9. c
3. partitive 10. a
3. increases 11. a
4. increases = e, f, i 12. c
13. d
5. parts 14. b
15. c
Answer Key
DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.
23