Part IX – New UAV Rules Summary

Division I General - Small Aircraft Systems that are Piloted Remotely

901.01 The rules contained in this part are applicable to Small Aircraft Systems that are Piloted Remotely, i.e. weighing from 205 g to 25 kg.
Division II - Registration
901.02 All Small Aircraft Systems that are Piloted Remotely must be registered.
901.03 The registration number must be clearly visible on aircraft.
901.04 (1) Aircraft may only be registered by Canadian Citizens, Permanent Residents, or Federal, Provincial or Municipal government agencies.
901.04 (2) Owners must be older than 14 years.
901.05 There is a list of registration data required and the registration certificate must include if the manufacturer has made a declaration.
901.06 The Minister must maintain a database of owners and registration numbers.
901.07 The owner must notify Transport Canada in within 7 days in writing if:
901.07 (1) The aircraft is destroyed, the owner has stopped using it, the aircraft has been missing for more than 60 days or the owner has
given up looking, or the owner has transferred ownership.
901.07 (2) The registration will be cancelled if any of the above happens.
901.07 (3) Registration will also be cancelled if the Registered Owner becomes unqualified, dies, or the Company dissolved, is acquired or is
declared bankrupt.
901.07 (4) The owner is responsible for the Operations and Maintenance of the aircraft.
901.08 The Minister must be notified within 7 days in writing if the owner changes their name or address.
901.09 The certificate must be available during operations.
Division III – General Operation and Flight Rules
901.11 The pilot in command must be able to see the drone at all times.
901.12 Drones may not be flown over police, fire, or rescue security perimeters, unless it has authorisation to do so.
901.13 The aircraft is not allowed to leave domestic airspace
901.14 Aircraft may not be flown in controlled airspace unless authorised by an air traffic controller, or if the pilot has been designated in the
airspace handbook.
901.15 If controlled airspace is inadvertently violated, the airspace controller or air traffic controller must be notified.
901.16 If anyone is likely to be out in danger, operations must be ceased immediately.
901.17 Remotely operated aircraft must always give way to other manned aircraft, including gliders and balloons.
901.18 If there is any risk of collision with other aircraft, the remotely operated aircraft must be stopped.
901.19
901.19 (1) Pilots that unfit, sick, or tired may not operate aircraft.
901.19 (2) Aircraft may only be operated 12 hours after alcohol or drugs have been consumed.
901.82
901.20 (1) All observers must be able to see the pilot of the aircraft at all times.
901.20 (2) When hazards are detected, observers should notify the pilot of these in a timely manner.
901.20 (3) An observer may only monitor a single unmanned aerial vehicle at a time, or have to obtain a special flight operations certificate.
901.20 (4) Observers may not observe remote aerial vehicles while driving or operating any other vehicle.
901.83 During a flight, the crew must obey the pilot’s commands.
901.84 Unmanned aerial vehicles may not have any living creatures on them.
901.85 Pilots need to be familiar with the following mandated procedures before takeoff:
• Pre-flight
• Takeoff Launch
• Approach
• Landing
• Recovery
• Controller Failure
• Equipment Failure
• Aircraft Failure
• Command and Control loss
• Fly away
• Fit Termination
The manufacturer’s instruction will contain the details of these procedures.
901.23 (3) First review the checklist before taking off.

COPYRIGHT 2019 – SUGU WORLD

 901.23 (4) The aircraft may only be launched in accordance with established procedures.
901.86 Only start once you know flight requirements.
901.87
901.25 (1) Always stay below 400 feet above ground level. Bridges and structures ay be crossed with maximum 100 feet clearance of they
are less than 200 feet high.
901.25 (2) If higher flights are required, a special flight operations certificate needs to be obtained.
901.88 Stay at least 100 feet away from anyone except crew or actors.
901.89 Always do a site survey, including:
• Airspace type, i.e. define electronic and physical boundaries.
• Determine altitude, departing and approach routes.
• Check distances from airports, other aircraft, heliports and other aerodromes.
• Determine heights of obstacles, including buildings, towers, wires, masts, cell towers, and turbines.
• Check weather forecasts.
• Check distance away from bystanders.
901.90 Ensure that there is enough energy or fuel for the flight. The pilot must ensure crew is aware of their duties, including regulations and use of
emergency equipment.
901.91 The pilot must ensure that the aircraft and equipment is maintained and serviced as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
901.92 Equipment manual must be available to the pilot on site, in electronic or print form.
901.93 Flights must be conducted as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
901.94 Autonomous flights are prohibited unless the pilot is able to take control at any time.
901.95 Takeoff and landing is not permitted unless the site is safe and collisions with anything else is unlikely.
901.96 Weather conditions must always be as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
901.97 Flying in icing conditions is prohibited unless an anti-ice device is used, or ice, frost or snow can be detected by equipment on the aircraft.
901.98 Pilots need to pre-arrange before flying in formation or in proximity with another aircraft.
901.99 Flying is not permitted while any other vehicle /is being driven.
901.100 Flying is not permitted unless an observer provides a visual line of sight that can observe hazards.
901.101
901.39 (1) Night flights are not permitted without navigation lights being turned on, and visibility available either with or without night
vision goggles.
901.39 (2) Flying with night vision goggles is not permitted unless the pilot or observer have other means to detect the visible light
spectrum.
901.102
901.40 (1) Multiple aircraft may not be operated from one controller unless as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
901.40 (2) No more than 5 aircraft may be operated except under a special flight operations certificate.
901.103 A special flight operations certificate is required for "an advertised outdoor event", including public gatherings, concerts, sports
events, markets, festivals etc.
901.104 Handover of pilot is not permitted unless prearranged, and a risk analysis has been conducted and procedures followed to
minimize loss of control.
901.105 No operations carrying anything that creates a hazard or can injure people or animals may be carried out, unless the pilot has a
special flight operations certificate. No explosives, corrosives, flammables, biohazard, weapons, ammo or "war equipment" may be carried
on aircraft.
901.106 Flight termination may not be activated if it can cause a further hazard or endanger aviation safety or anyone.
901.107 No emergency locator transmitters are allowed on unmanned aerial vehicles.
901.108
901.46 (1) Flying in transponder space is not permitted without a transponder and pressure altitude equipment.
901.46 (2) Flights in Transponder Space are permitted if you request and an air traffic controller gives clearance, and you acknowledge
before entering.
901.109
901.47 (1) Unmanned aerial vehicles may not be flown where they may interfere with an established traffic pattern.
901.47 (2) Stay more than 3 km away from center of an airport, and more than 1 km from a heliport center.
901.47 (3) Stay more than 3 km away from Military aerodrome or get an special flight operations certificate issued.

901.110
901.48 (1) (a) Maintain Flight Records, including names, dates and crews for each flight.
901.48 (1) (b) Keep maintenance Records, including names, dates of actions taken, modifications, manufacturer’s name, model, part name
installed. Keep any instructions provided for the work done.
901.48 (2) Flight records must be kept for 12 months, and maintenance records for 24 months.
901.48 (3) If a system is sold, the past 24 months maintenance records must be transferred to the new owner.
901.111

COPYRIGHT 2019 – SUGU WORLD

 901.49 (1) Operations should be stopped if any following happens until a root cause analysis and corrective action has been taken to
correct:
• Unintended aircraft contact with any person, especially if injury requires medical attention.
• Unanticipated damage to aircraft, i.e. adverse control response or flight characteristic.
• Aircraft exceeds geo-fence or planned distance or altitude.
• Aircraft becomes uncontrolled, i.e. it flies-away or goes missing, or is at risk of collision with another aircraft.
• If there is a police report or Civil Aviation Occurrence Report filed.
901.49 (2) The analysis of the event described above must be kept for 12 months after the date when the report is filed.

Division IV - Basic Operations

901.53 This section is applicable to operations other than advanced ops as described in clause per 901.62.
901.54 Pilots must be older than 14 years, hold a basic or advanced license for Small Aircraft Systems that are Piloted Remotely. Persons younger
than 14 may fly Small Aircraft Systems that are Piloted Remotely if supervised by someone who has basic or advanced license.
901.55 Once the appropriate exam has been passed, the Minister will issue the license.
901.56 Basic certificate requirements need to be repeated every 24 months. 24 months of records need to be kept to show you meet recent
requirements
901.57 Pilots MUST have a Small Aircraft Systems that are Piloted Remotely certificate with them when flying, as well as documents showing recent
requirements
901.58 When taking the exam, exam questions may not be copied, nor may help be given or accepted during the exam. When an exam is failed, it
can be retaken 24 hours later.

Division V - Advanced Operations

901.62 Advanced Operations need a manufacturers’ declaration in 3 areas as per 901.69. For less than 16.4ft (5m) the manufacturers must declare
it meets Standard 922 for the operations as per 901.69. Flights closer than 3 km from airports and 1 km from heliports centers must be
executed as per 901.73
901.62 Pilot must be older than 16 years and, hold an Advanced Certificate, or be under Flight Review, or be supervised by a holder of an Advanced
Certificate.
901.63 Minister will award an Advanced Certificate if the pilot is older than 16, and has passed the advanced Exam (80%) and Flight Review less
than 12months from application.
901.64 Recency requirements for Advanced Certificate. Within 24 months prior to any flight you must:(with records) be issued an advanced Cert,
pass the exam or pass a Flight Review or show recurrent training was done as per 921.04.
901.65 You must have at least, an Advanced Certificate, Flight Logs, and/or regency documentation on site during a flight.
901.66 When taking the exam, exam questions may not be copied, nor may help be given or accepted during the exam. When an exam is failed, it
can be retaken 24 hours later.
901.67 Flights are not permitted the registration Certificate showing the manufacturers’ Declaration for section 901.69.
901.69
901.69 (1) (a) Controlled airspace
(b) Less than 100 ft. (30m) horizontally from public but more than 16.4 ft. (5m) except own crew or actors.
(c) More than 16.4 ft. from anyone, but not overhead at any altitude.
901.69 (2) A grandfathered aircraft designated "compliant" before to 1 April 2019 will be treated as manufacturers declared (SI 623.001).
901.70 A modified Small Aircraft Systems that is Piloted Remotely may not be flown unless you can demonstrate compliance with Standard 922.
Modifications must be be done as per the part manufacturers’ instructions.
901.71 Flight in Controlled Airspace may only be done after requesting permission from an air traffic controller with date, time and duration of
operations plus the following:
• Aircraft Category, Registration number and physical characteristics of aircraft.
• Vertical and Horizontal boundaries of area of ops (GeoFence) + Flight Route to access the area.
• Proximity to manned flying operations approaches, departures and traffic pattern.
• Name, contact number and aircraft licence number for pilot.
• Means of 2 way communications with air traffic controller.
• Lost Link and fly-away procedures.
• Emergency Procedures including process and time needed to terminate ops.
• Anything else requested by air traffic controller
901.71(2) In controlled airspace, you may fly higher than 400 ft. above ground level if the air traffic controller approves.
901.72 You must acknowledge and follow ALL air traffic controller instructions in controlled airspace.
901.73 For flights closer than 3 km from airports and 1 km from heliports centers, you must follow THAT aerodrome's published procedures for
Small Aircraft Systems that are Piloted Remotely.

COPYRIGHT 2019 – SUGU WORLD

Division VI – Advanced Operations - Manufacturers
901.76
901.76 (1) No advanced operations are permitted without a manufacturers’ declaration (except grandfathered under Compliant aircraft).
901.76 (2) Manufacturers MUST: declare manufacturers name , model, max. Takeoff weight, Category (fixed rotary lighter-than-air) and say
it declares documentation requirements of (901.78) and meets Standard 922 for 901.69(1) operations.
901.77 Declaration is invalid if Ministry says it does not meet Standard 922, or if manufacturers notifies the Ministry of such.
901.78 Manufacturers must notify Ministry if an aircraft does not to meet Standard 922.
901.79 Manufacturers must provide every owner with:
• Servicing and Maintenance instructions and inspections program/procedures.
• A manual with range or weight and balance limits for safe operations and any mandatory actions needed.
• Modes of operation for each phase of flight, safe operating limits and emergency conditions.
• Weather effects and impact on performance.
• Design features to prevent injury to anyone.
• Warning information against unsafe operations.
• Standard Operating Procedures for normal and emergency operations.
• Assembly and adjustment procedures.
901.80 A declaring manufacturers shall keep records of all mandatory actions and how they verified meeting STD 922 for 2 years from date of
manufacture of that model, or for the life of any component.

Division VII - Requirements Related To Flight Review

901.82 Flight Reviewer must hold advanced cert endorsed for Reviewer under 901.83 and be affiliated with a training provider (921.05 Standard
921).
901.83 901.83 Minister will issue Reviewer Certificate if:
• Candidate is older than 18 years and holds an advanced Cert per (901.64) and meets recency (901.65) for at least 6 months before
application Passed Reviewer's exam with more than 80%.
901.84 Reviewers should not cheat on exams per 901.58.
901.85 Reviewer candidates wait 24 hours for retest.
901.86 Schools must submit Reviewer names to Ministry and changes within 7 days, and ensure they adhere to 901.87.
901.87 All reviews must be done as per 901.56(1)(b)(ii) Review in past 12 month 901.64(c) and 901.65 (1)(b)(ii) to Standard 921.

Subpart 3 – Special Flight Operations

903.01 Operations need special flight operations certificate (903.03) for any of the following
• More than 25 km beyond visual line of sight.
• Foreign Operators.
• More than 400 feet above ground level.
• Controlling more than 5 aircraft from 1 controller.
• Any special aviation or advertised events.
• Hazardous payloads (901.43(1)), less than 3nm from Military installations (901.47(3)).
• Anything else the ministry wants to cover.
903.02 Application for a special flight operations certificate includes:
• Legal name, trade name, address and contact numbers of applicant.
• Means to contact pilot during operations.
• Description and purpose of operations with dates/times plus alternates.
• Manufacturer, model, description with photo or 3 view drawings of aircraft, + performance, operational limits, & equipment.
• Safety plan for proposed area with emergency contingency plan.
• Mission plan describing the operation.
• Pilot Name, certificate number, License number, permits and qualifications of crew members including maintainers.
• Minimum weather requirements for operations and if an air traffic controller / traffic coordination is needed.
• Collision avoidance methods, normal SOPs and emergency procedures.
• Anything else the Minister wants.
903.03 Minister will issue special flight operations certificate with the info above if the ops won't adversely affect aviation safety or other people.

Important Interpretation Notes

Declarations –
There are 3 separate advanced operations and the manufacturers' USE CASE declaration is required to be specifically listed on each

COPYRIGHT 2019 – SUGU WORLD

unmanned aviation vehicle registration (a)(b)( c).
If your unmanned aviation vehicle only lists "control zones" (a) then you still can't operate less than 30m or less than 5m overhead.
AC 922.001 Sect 7.0 says all modifications must be done as per the manufacturer’s recommendations, so few if any 3rd party
modifications will ever qualify. Otherwise you are limited to basic operations without each use case being listed on your unmanned
aviation vehicle Registration Cert

Modifications
Declaration of 922 by manufacturers or modifications is a simple 1 minute on-line form but an onerous commitment to its 82 pages of
requirements.
Declaration of 922 is simple but comes with huge liabilities such that few if any modification builder will do it.
If you do the modification yourself, you accept "the same obligations of the manufacturers" 922 Sec 7.0 (3).

Overflight
Where the PART IX talks about not getting closer "at any altitude" it should be interpreted that you cannot fly overhead any closer than the
horizontal standoff specified, so consider standoff as a "Vertical Cylinder" as high as the radius.
This means the 901.62 (b) manufacturers Declaration allows near people but you need 901.62(c) on your unmanned aviation vehicle registration
for over people.

Accident
If anything odd or unexpected happens like contacting anything or anyone, operations must STOP and not resume until investigated and
resolved, and not resumed until corrective action is implemented.
However, if you claim it was intentional then ops can continue and no report is required unless there is injury or report filed by Police,
Fire rescue or anyone files an Air Incident Report

No Declaration
901.63 is where all the action is since it brings in 922 standards, declarations and modifications. Para
901.62 it seems is the ONLY Advanced ops with special restrictions apply.
There seems to be the ONLY 3 special cases where Manufacturer declarations are required.
EXCEPT Control Zones, near airports or closer than 100ft from anything.

COPYRIGHT 2019 – SUGU WORLD