PHARMACOGNOSY WITH PLANT CHEMISTRY

(PCOG 211)

ASSIGNMENT NO. 6
(TERPENOIDS and RESINS)

Complete the table: (50 pts)

 Active constituents
Characteristics Examples
present (based on the
Classification (enumerate at least 2 (Scientific name of the USES
examples)
characteristics) plant)

Simplest of all the  Schoenocaulon  Tiglic acid  Flavorants

terpenoids as it is officinale  Senecioic acid  Ingredients in
composed of only 1  Senecio milkanioides  Isoamyl alcohol perfumes
Hemiterpenoids isoprene unit; They are  Tuber meanosporum  Pharmaceutic aid
generally having only 5
carbons as their
backbone

Consists of 2 isoprene  Laurus nobilis  Citral  Flavorant

units with 10 carbons  Cinnamomum  Linalool  Ingredients in soaps
camphora  Myrcene  Antidiabetic
Monoterpenoids Can be unsaturated or  Lippia citriodora
having other functional
groups attached to them

Composed of 3 isoprene  Citrus aurantium  β-Nerolidol  Flavorant

units  Zingiber officinale  β-Bisabolene and  Ingredients in soaps
 Humulus lupulus β-Zingiberene  Analgesic
Sesquiterpenoids Represents the most
 β-Humulene
diverse group of
terpenoids

Consists of 4 isoprene  Salvia divinorum  Salvinorin A  Used in psychiatry

units with a 20-carbon  Marrubium vulgare  Marrubiin  Antidiabetic
backbone  Rosmarinus officinale  Carnosic acid  Antioxidant

Diterpenoids They are chemically

heterogenous from one
another and can be
found as polyoxygenated
forms

Composed of 5 isoprene  Gossypium hirsutum  Heliocide H1  Used in dentistry

units with 25 carbons  Gentianella nitida  Nitiol  Antineoplastic
 Hyrtios erecta  Sesterstatin 7  Antimycobacterial
Sesterterpenoids Typically exist having
linear, mono-, bi-, tri-,
tetra- and macrocyclic
frameworks

the  Taraxacum officinale  β-Amyrin  Anti-obesity

Formed by
Questions on Resins
1. Illustrate the biosynthetic pathway of resin
The biosynthetic pathways involved in the formation of resins include the shikimic acid pathway, malonic acid pathway and the
mevalonic acid pathway. These pathways are illustrated below:
 2. Give 5 industrial uses of resins

Resins come in many forms and are thus employed for many uses; examples are:
 Alkyd and amino resins are often used as ingredients in paints
 Polyurethane resins are used as surface coatings and in foam making
 Several types of resins are used as adhesives
 Some unsaturated varieties of resins are used in the making of boat hulls and for the production of synthetic marble
 Other uses include paper coating, furniture and footwear making, and reconstitution of wood

References:
Biddle, R., & Packer, J. (n.d.). Industrial resins. New Zealand Institute of Chemistry. https://nzic.org.nz/app/uploads/2017/10/10A.pdf
Dilworth, L. L., Riley, C. K., & Stennett, D. K. (2017). Plant constituents: Carbohydrates, oils, resins, balsams and plant hormones. In S.
Badal, & R. Delgoda (Eds.), Pharmacognosy: Fundamentals, applications and strategies (pp. 61-80). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-
12-802104-0.00005-6
Evans, W. C. (2009). Trease and Evans pharmacognosy (16th ed.). Saunders Ltd.
Ludwiczuk, A., Skalicka-Wozniak, K., & Georgiev, M. J. (2017). Terpenoids. In S. Badal, & R. Delgoda (Eds.), Pharmacognosy: Fundamentals,
applications and strategies (pp. 233-266). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802104-0.00011-1
Mehta, G., Nayak, U. R., & Dev S. (1973). Meroterpeniods – I: Psoralea corylifolia Linn. – Bakuchiol, a novel monoterpene phenol.
Tetrahedron, 29(8), 1119-1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(73)80071-7
Meyre-Silva, C., Yunes, R. A., Schlemper, V., Campos-Buzzi, F., & Cechinel-Filho, V. (2005). Analgesic potential of marrubiin derivatives, a
bioactive diterpene present in Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae). Farmaco (Societa chimica italiana : 1989), 60(4), 321–326.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farmac.2005.01.003
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 125468, Tiglic
acid. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tiglic-acid.
Shah, B., & Seth, A. K. (2010). Textbook of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. Elsevier.
Youssef, D. T., Shaala, L. A., & Emara, S. (2005). Antimycobacterial scalarane-based sesterterpenes from the Red Sea sponge Hyrtios
erecta. Journal of natural products, 68(12), 1782–1784. https://doi.org/10.1021/np0502645