LIMAY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

National Road, Brgy. Reformista,

Limay, Bataan, 2103, Philippines

Rosalinda P. Samong

BEED-3

Educational Reforms in the Philippines

 American Period-The American Devised Curriculum

Educational Types
Educational Aims
-Formal education
-To teach democracy Medium of Instruction
-First Public School
-Separation of church and -English
-English language
state
-Democracy

Methods of Education
Role of the Teacher
-Socialized Recitation
-Teach concepts
-Participation
-Develop the rational mind (e.i.
-Debate
Debates, empirical evidences)
-Game/playing

Basic Education. The curriculum was based on ideals and

tradition of American and hierarchy of values. The medium
of instruction is English language. The primary curriculum in
1904 for Filipinos consisted of three grades; (1) The body
training that consist of singing, drawing, hard word and
Physical Education; (2) The Mental training that compose of
English (reading, writing, conversation, phonetics and
spelling), nature study and arithmetic; (3) Geography and
civic were added to the list of subjects.

Intermediate Curriculum. It is consisted of subjects
such as arithmetic, geography, science and english,
plant life, physiology and sanitation. Collegiate level.
Normal schools were opened with a teacher’s training
curriculum appropriate for elementary mentors. Its aim
was to replace the soldier and the Thomasites.
The curriculum organization remained separate subjects.
The group method of teaching was adopted.
A significant aspect of the American devised curriculum was
the prohibition of compulsory religious instruction in the
public schools.
 LIMAY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

National Road, Brgy. Reformista,

Limay, Bataan, 2103, Philippines

 Commonwealth Period-Period of Expansion and Reform in the Philippine Curriculum

Develop moral character Memorization Promote nationalism Filipino Language

Civic conscience C.A.T. (values, moral character,
Vocational efficiency Recitation personal disciplne)
Preparation for incoming Socialized recitation
independence

Methods of Medium of
Educational Aims Role of Teachers
Education Instruction

The curriculum for the training of elementary schoold

teachers was expanded by the Bureau of Education by
elevating it from the secondary schools to the collegiate
level, organizing eight regional normal schools. In this
period, 1935 Consitution; Article XIV section 5 says that
all educational institutions shall be under the supervision
of and subject to regulation by the state; All schools shall
aim to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic
conscience, and vocational efficiency, and to tecch the
duties of citizenship.

Optional religious instruction, academic freedom and

scholarships are concerned.

Educational practices. Filipino language was used s the medium of instruction. Vocational schools were made more
similar in curriculum to Academic schools. Celebration of National Language week every August.

Values. Moral character, personal discipline, civi conscience, vocational efficiency and citizenship training.
 LIMAY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

National Road, Brgy. Reformista,

Limay, Bataan, 2103, Philippines

 Japanese Period-Japanese Devised Curriculum

Educational Education Methods of Medium of

Aims Types Education Instruction
Eradicate old Nihongo Stressed dignity Nihongo
idea of reliance language of manual labor language
on western Vocational Emphasis voc.
nations language Ed
Love of Labor Health
Military training education
agriculture

Japanese Devised Curriculum introduced many changes in the

curriculum by including Nihongo and abolishing English as medium of
instruction and a subject. All textbook were censored and revised. This
curriculum caused a blackout in the Philippine education and
educational progress.

Curriculum. School calendar became longer. No summer vacation for

students. Class size increased to 60. Deleted anti-Asian opinions,
banned the singing of American songs, deleted American symbols,
poems and pictures. Nihongo as a means of introducing and cultivating
love for Japanese culture.

Educational program. The teaching of tagalog, Philippine History, and

character education of Filipino students, with emphasis on love for
work and labor. Japanese language is popularized to terminate the use
of english. Filipino children went to school to learn Japanese songs and
games.The teachers were to become condescending mouthpiece of
Japanese propaganda.

The Six Basic Principles of Japanese Education

(1) Realization of new order and promote friendly relations between Japan and the Philippines to the farthest extent.
(2) Foster a new Filipino culture based. (3) Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving up over emphasis of
materialism. (4) Diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines. (5) Promotion of vocational course. (6) To
inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor.
 LIMAY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

National Road, Brgy. Reformista,

Limay, Bataan, 2103, Philippines

 Third Republic

es Citizenship The concept of academic Moral Character

Morality freedom The quality of a person that
tiv Democracy am Religious instruction in the ces guides his thinking,
Industry public schools behavior and relationships
jec Family Responsibility ogr The creation of scholarships cti with others social concern
in the arts, sciences an and involvement.
Use of leisure
Ob Pr dletters was for special Pra Vocational Efficiency
Helping the community gifted citizens Productivity
al Cultural Heritage for youth al For those who possess as
al Complete and adequate
Understanding of other certain level of capability system of public education
ent nations on for academic studies and
on Changes with the changing
am ati are unable to afford the ati time and the changing
cost of college education. needs of changing human
nd uc uc beiongs
Fu Ed Ed

Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)

Focused on the rehabilitation of the school system

Board on textbooks
PNS to Philippine Normal College

Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)

Educational must be reviewed and revised for coordination with the objectives of proposed development program.
Able to evolve a revision of the school system more adaptable to and in keeping with national requirements.

Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)

Attainment of Social and Economic development.

Republic Act#896-New law restore Grade 7 which was abolished by the Education Act 1940.
Republic Act #1124 - Board of National Education
Republic Act#1425- Compulsory daily flag ceremony

Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)

The secondary curriculum has been revised

Vocational course and a college preparatory course
The community school has been developed
Home industries are being fostered

Diosdado
Diosdado Macapagal
Macapagal
Economic expansion and the growth of social benefits
Formulated policies and implementation for quality educatio
 LIMAY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

National Road, Brgy. Reformista,

Limay, Bataan, 2103, Philippines

The focus of Third Republic is on the rehabilitation of the school systrem which
was in keepimng with the policies of the government. 80% of the schools were ruined;
the caused of reconstruction was 120million and the annual deficit is 200 million.
According to Carlos P. Garcia “No less significant are the strides made in public
education”. In addtion, the vernacular is now being use as a medium of instruction in
the first two years of the primary grades, thereby promoting optimim literacy, specially
among those pupils who can stay in school for only a few years. The concept of
academic freedom is that only universities were established by the state and religious
instruction in the public schools. Hence, for those who posess a certain level of
capabilty for academic studies are unable to afford teh cost of college education. Lastly,
moral character , behavior and relationship with others is their educational practices.

 New Society

Educational Aims Education Type Pledges

Love of country For national Peace & order
Teaches duties of development Land Reform
citizenship Economic Dev.
Develops moral Development of moral
character values
Self-discipline, science Government
and technology and reorganization
vocational efficiency Employment and
manpower
development
Social Services

New Society needs to achieve and maintain social and economic development progress an
assure maximum participation of all the people based on the presidential decree of 1972. In addition,
they develop the high level professions for leadership of nation, reapond effectively to changing
needs, acquire the essential educational founation, enhace the range and quality of individual.
Furthermore, they provide a broad and general education and train the nation’s man power in the
middle level skills. According to Section 8 , all educational institution shall be under the supervision
of, and subject to regulation by the state. Lastly, the state shall established and maintain an complete,
adequate, and integrated system of edjucation relevant to the goals of development.
 LIMAY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

National Road, Brgy. Reformista,

Limay, Bataan, 2103, Philippines

 Post Edsa Republic

There are five joint administration in the post edsa

republic who make an action that will help students
and new generation to become globally competive
and a youth workers. The provision of once
administartion resulted to a concrete and spiral
progression curriculum that all universities used
today.

Post edsa
Republic

The post- edsa republic started on Corazon Aquino’s administration on 1986-1992. The administration
enhance the constitution as a subject to patriotism and nationalism. Scholarship, students, indigenous,adult
citizen , OSY and PWD are benificial to free complete education.

The post-edsa republic by the administration of Fidel V. Ramos. In terms of education reform must also
develop a strong curriculum in science, mthematics and languages. It must include the enhancement of the
condition of teachers in both their livelihood and work. Moreover, vocational education and technical
training should keep to their basic purpose, which is to prepare young people like us for worthwhile jobs and
to teach new technologies that our economy needs.

The second adminitration under Post-Edsa Republic was Joseph Estrada on 1998 to 2001. In his
administration, the commision shall be given one year to define a comprehensive and a budget feasible
program to reform in the following areas: currila, teaching method, instructional media, education
technologies, textbooks, kaguage policy and school calendar in use in the elementary and secondary levels
using international benchmarks. Moreover, modernization of science laboratories, improvement of scienc and
mathematics education and the feasibility of establishing regional centers of excellence in science education.

Another adminitration is underby former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, she employ English as a
medium of instruction which aims to prepare the succeding generations to be globally competitive . She also
prioritize the area of upgrading the teaching of mathematics and science in basic education to prepare the
youth to be the next generation of knwledge workers.

Last administration is underby Benigno Aquino III proposed and implement the K-12 program last June 4,
2011.
 LIMAY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

National Road, Brgy. Reformista,

Limay, Bataan, 2103, Philippines

 Reflection

Basic Education

One of the most important aspects of one's life is education. It enables a person
to realize his or her worth as a living being. It provides wonderful opportunities for man
to learn more about himself and to adapt to the many different changes that are taking
place around him. Man finds satisfaction in answering the world's many questions by
education. Education is vital to one's survival. When I compared education in the past to
education today, I noticed that educational objectives were already established. From
the American period, a free primary school was built, as well as a school for Filipino
teachers. It advocated for the hiring of qualified teachers in the United States. It
eliminated religious education as a requirement. In terms of the students, I had learned
that in the past, the majority of the students were males. Students were mostly males
from an early age, owing to the belief that men are more useful than women, particularly
in military and political matters. It is for this reason that men receive more education
than women. From the past up to the present, females have had the opportunity to be
educated and express themselves. Now, I've noticed that the females succeed in a
variety of areas. In terms of instructional approaches, I believe it was all memorization
and analysis of texts in the beginning. The center on the stage is the teacher. He or she
is the central figure in the educational phase. No one may doubt the information that
comes from him/her because he/she is the source of all knowledge. However, now that
we are in a modern era of education, the learning approach is student-centered, which
means that the student is the one who provides the knowledge or points of discussion.
The teacher, who used to be the center on the stage, is now the support or guidance.
The students themselves are unlocking the lesson, and the teacher can simply process
it later. In terms of curriculum, I discovered that at a young age, the emphasis was on
hunting, fishing, songs, poetry, and dances.
 LIMAY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

National Road, Brgy. Reformista,

Limay, Bataan, 2103, Philippines

Higher Education

The Americasns provided opportunities for young Filipino students to pursue

higher education in American colleges and universities. Since their education in the
United States was paid for by the Philippine government, these Filipinos were known as
"pensionados." Filipinos enter the public and private schools because of lack of
information. Education tended to receive the same level of attention from the
Commonwealth government as it did from the Americans. During the Commonwealth
era, an organized attempt to create a common national language was launched in
accordance with the 1935 constitution's mandate. President Quezon promoted the
preservation of native culture as well as desirable Filipino values to help counter the
American cultural influence among Filipinos. President Quezon issued his famous Code
of Ethics, which was required to be taught in all schools, to help strengthen the moral of
Filipinos and to foster love of country, particularly among the youth. The Japanese have
used schools and churches as propaganda instruments. The Japanese language,
Nippon-go, was made a mandatory subject in all schools. In Nippon-go, classes were
opened to spread the Japanese language and culture. Japanese Catholic priests were
dispatched to the Philippines to promote the idea that, as an Asian nation, Japan was a
friend to all Asians, including the Filipinos. Land reform, taxation, economic production,
anti-drug and anti-pollution education, and environmental education have all been
introduced with educational policies in order to achieve improved manpower production.
However, in the "new society," the term was often linked to martial law. Now, in modern
learning, The K-12 curriculum aims to provide every child with the education they need
to thrive in a global setting, which means that it covers all facets of human life and
prepares students for the global challenges that the world poses.