STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Time 25 – minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is
appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in
this section, with special directions for each type.
STRUCTURE
Directions: Questions 1–15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence, you
will see four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or
phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.
Look at the following examples:
 
Example I
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both emit hot liquids
from below the Earth's surface.
A. due to
B. because
C. in spite of
D. regardless of
The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes
because they both emit hot liquids from
below the Earth's surface." Therefore, you should choose answer B.
Example II
During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for sophisticated
instruments and techniques.
A. so that hardly
B. where there hardly was
C. hardly was
D. there was hardly
The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Therefore, you
should choose answer D.
Now begin work on the questions.

1. In its pure state antimony has no important uses, but..................with other

substances, it is extremely useful metal.
a. the physical and chemical combination
b. combined when physically or chemically
c. it is combined physically and chemically
d. when combined physically or chemically

2.With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases,................them more

fragile.

a.make
b.thereby making
c.and to make
d.which it makes

3. The assurance of high-quality laboratory results..................a commitment to all

aspects of the testing system, including attention to preanalytical, analytical, and
postanalytical factors.
a.give to
b.relies on
c.reply on
d.rely on

4. Filters are made of glass or dyed gelatine between glass plates................have a

limited transmission band at which they transmit maximally.
a. but
b. so
c. and
d. if

5. Microbiology laboratories involve...............manual diagnostic methods to identify

pathogens in blood, urine, or other specimens
a most
b.the most
c. most
d.mostly

6. Technologists monitor the laboratory results and intervene only when.............,

such as when results are critical or otherwise needing attention
a. to require
b. requirement
c. requiring
d. required

7. Waste reduction means less frequent use a..............test, substitution of an

expensive test with another less expensive one with similar diagnostic accuracy, or
waiting for the result of one test before ordering another
a. giving
b. give away
c. gift
d. given

8. The complexity of healthcare reimbursement............the laboratory as much as any

other specialty, making the concept of shopping around for the “cheapest” test a
challenge.
a. affected
b. affects
c. can be affected
d. is affecting

9. Mass spectrometry and other chromatography are expensive.................the

technical nature of the testing, which requires more specialized personnel with a
unique skill set, and the cost of cutting edge instrumentation.
a. although
b. however
c. because of
d. therefore

10. simple and effective method to reducing ordering of unnecessary tests...........to

make them unavailable.
a. will be
b. can be
c. are
d. is

11. The concerted use of appropriate tests can not only increase the accuracy of
blood test diagnostics,..............allow for the availability of resources needed for rare
and complex cases.
a. however
b. because
c. so that
d. but also

12.Collecting the right amount of blood for the right testing the first time is.............for
effective patient care and, at times, for the protection of the community at large.
a.help
b.need
c.critically
d.Critical
13.The disease is...............and can be spread from person to person by direct
contact with nose or throat fluids.
a.containment
b.Contained
c.content
d.Contagious

14. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by decline in insulin action.............the

resistance of tissue cells to the action of insulin.
a. due to
b. because
c. while
d.cause

15. Inadequate amounts of heparin or improper mixing of the heparin into the
specimen causes clots to form that make analysis of the sample ......................in
most flow-through systems.
a. impossibility
b. impossible
c. impossibly
d. out of question
Written Expression
 
Directions: In questions 16– 40, each sentence has four underlined words or
phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C and D.
Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the
sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Look at the following examples:
The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of
the males' bright colors."  Therefore, you should choose answer A.
The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm
became an important United States politician." Therefore, you should choose answer
B.
Now begin work on the questions.
 

16. People reacted rapidly to the emerged severe 

                A                                   B    

 acute respiratory   syndrome coronavirus  
               C
threat to dental services

                             D
a. reacted
b. emerged
c. respiratory
d. Service

17.It is advisable that pregnant  woman should  necessary

            A                                    B                     
stay at home and receive necessary antenatal 
        C                                                            
care via online antenatal care programs.

                D
a.
advisible
b.
woman
c.
at
d.
online

18. A high maternal mortality rate is one of the major

               A                                      B                               
health problem in developing countries
                 C                               D
a.
maternal
b.
one of
c.
problem
d.
countries

19. The releasing of relatively low amounts of fluoride 

            A                                 B                                                     

may result in a significant concentrations 

                                 C            
of fluoride in a microleakage gap

                 D
a.
releasing
b.
amounts
c.
significant
d.
in

20. Priority should be given to dentist communication and 

                                               A  

dental assistant's knowledge  toward patient's needs 

                                    B               C                                                        
to enhance the service quality

              D
a.
dentist
b.
knowledge
c.
toward
d.
service

21. It would be benefit to actively involve users when 

                       A                         B                  C                        
developing sorting Infrastructures

                     D
a.
benefit
b.
involve
c.
when
d.
sorting

22. There is no evidence of a difference in nutrient   

                         A                                       B                                    

quality  between organic and conventionally 

                             C                                                          
produced foodstuffs

                       D
a.
evidence
b.
nutritient
c.
organic
d.
foodstuffs

23. Diets on high organic food consumers  

                 A                                B

were generally characterized with strong

                                          C
nutritional and environmental benefits

                                                   D
a.
high
b.
consumers
c.
with
d.
benefits

24. The pulmonary circulation play a pivotal role 

                                             A                    B
in the cardiopulmonary functions of gas 
         C
exchange and oxygen transport

  D
a.
play
b.
role
c.
cardiopulmonary
d.
exchange

25. Most neonates with clinically significant pulmonary 

                                     A 
  hypertension will have either persistent  PH 
         B                                          C
of the newborn nor bronchopulmonary dysplasia
             D
a.
clinically
b.
hypertension
c.
persistent
d.
nor

26. Hemodynamic instability are common after 

                                         A  
cardiac arrest, and may be associated
               B                                 C
 with poorer prognosis

             D
a.
are
b.
arrest
c.
associated
d.
prognosis

27. Regular catheter care is require to ensure 

                   A                      B                         
that there no recurrence of infection

  C                                            D

a.
catheter
b.
require
c.
that
d.
infection

28. An appropriate diet is necessary to meet 

         A                                 B                       
with metabolic demand of the patient

  C                                           D
a.
An appropriate
b.
necessary
c.
with
d.
the patient
29. The key to the succeed  of solid waste management
                             A                         B          
 system in any urban area is  the  cooperation of citizens                      
              C                          D
a.
succeed
b.
waste
c.
in
d.
is

30. Dental caries can lead to a smaller hole 

               A                               B       
in a tooth, called a cavity      
         C                     D
a.
carries
b.
smaller
c.
tooth
d.
cavity

31. Severe dental caries affects general health  

                                      A                             
and often causes pain and infection,   
                   B                         C

which may result in tooth extracted
                       D
a.
affects
b.
causes
c.
infection
d.
extracted
32.
Dental products are specially fabricated materials, 
                  A                                 B                
designing for use in dentistry   
      C                             D
a.
products
b.
fabricated
c.
designing
d.
dentistry

33. The chest-attached patch electrode 
                 A                              B          
can be used for 3 to 7 days at a time  
               C                                D
a.
chest-attached
b.
electrode
c.
used
d.
at a time

34. Cardiogram premium lets patients share real-time 

   A                                 B                 
heart rates, activity, and sleep data          
      C                                      D

with their physician  and family

a.
cardiogram
b.
lets
c.
heart-rates
d.
sleep-data

35. Microbiological quality was primarily determined 

             A                                    B            
by enumeration of indicator organics           
             C                                   D
a.
Microbiological
b.
primarily
c.
enumeration
d.
organics

36. An incubator is a devices used to grow and 

                                A                       B  
maintain microbiological cultures or cell.
                        C                           D                            
a.
devices
b.
microbiological
c.
microbiological
d.
or

37. Toxic tests are categorized by test 

    A                        B                    
duration, life stage, and endpoints 
      C                                    D
a.
Toxic
b.
categorized
c.
duration
d.
endpoints

38. Food product testing is the scientific analysis of food, 

                           A                                    B       
its contains, and characteristics of food
          C                        D
a.
testing
b.
analysis
c.
contains
d.
characteristics
39. Following childbirth the woman and newborn 
                       A                                     B          
should be examined within 24 hours by a health workers
                       C                                                         D
a.
childbirth
b.
newborn
c.
examined
d.
workers

40. A cesarean section are often necessary when 

                                  A                      
a vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk   
                    B                  C                                       D
a.
are
b.
delivery
c.
put
d.
at risk

READING COMPREHENSION
Time 55– minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 55 minutes
This section is designed to measure the ability to read and understand short
passages similar in topic and style to those found in North American
universities and colleges.
 

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a
number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, A, B, C or D,
to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and
fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what
is stated or implied in that passage.

Sample Passage and Questions

                              The railroad was not the first institution to impose

                             regularity on society, or to draw attention to the

                             importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as

Line                      merchants have set out their wares at daybreak and

(5)                        communal festivities have been celebrated, people have

                             been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the

                             time of day. The value of this tradition is today more

                            apparent than ever. Were it not for public acceptance of

                             a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably

(10)                    chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services,

                             and information would proceed in fits and starts; the

                             very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.

Example I

What is the main idea of the passage?

     A. In modern society we must make more time for our neighbors.

     B. The traditions of society are timeless.

     C. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning of
society.

     D. Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.

The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is
measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose answer C.

Example II                                                                                          

In line 7, the phrase "this tradition" refers to

     A. the practice of starting the business day at dawn

     B. friendly relations between neighbors

     C. the railroad's reliance on time schedules

     D. people's agreement on the measurement of time

The phrase "this tradition" refers to the preceding clause, "people have been in
rough agreement with their neighbours as to the time of day." Therefore, you should
choose answer D.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

a. The effects of vitamins on the human body

b. Nutritional practices of the nineteenth century

c. The stages of development of clinical nutrition as a field of study

d. The history of food preferences from the nineteenth century to the present

2. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made
during the first era in the history of nutrition?

a.

Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.

b.

Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health

c.

Vitamins were synthesized from foods

d.

Effective techniques of weight loss were determined

3. The word "tempting" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

a.

correct
b.

ealistic

c.

attractive

d.

necessary

4. It can be inferred from the passage that medical schools began to teach concepts of
nutrition in order to

a.

encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease

b.

convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition

c.

support the creation of artificial vitamins

d.

convince doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients

5. The word "Reckless" in line 14 is closest in meaning to...........

a.

informative

b.

urgent

c.

irresponsible

d.

recorded

6. The word  "them"   in line 15 refers to....................

a.

claims
b.

effects

c.

therapies

d.

vitamins

7. Why did vitamin therapy begin losing favor in the the 1950's

a.

Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts.

b.

Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated

c.

The public lost interest in vitamins

d.

Nutritional research was of poor quality

8. The phrase  "concomitant with"  in line 16 is closest in meaning to

a.

in regard to

b.

prior to

c.

in dispute with

d.

in conjunction with

9. The word  "skyrocketing"   in line 18 is closest in meaning to

a.

acceptable

b.

surprising
c.

increasing rapidly

d.

internationally popular

10. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses

a.

problems associated with undernutrition

b.

how drug companies became succesful

c.

The fourth era of nutrition history

d.

why nutrition education lost its appeaL

11. What is the main topic of this passage?

a. Benefits of Breastfeeding for Baby

b. advantage and disadvantage of breastfeeding

c.comparison between breast milk and formula milk

d. benefit of breastfeeding

12. According to the passage, breast milk provides the ideal nutrition because it has..
a. vitamin

b. everything your baby needs to grow

c.

fat

d.

protein

13 In line 1, the word " infant " is closest in meaning to...

a.

baby

b.

child

c.

toodler

d.

boy

14. In line 6, the word " formula " is closest in meaning to...

a.

genuine

b.

rule

c.

artificial milk

d.

standard

15. In line 10, the word " bond " is closest in meaning to...

a.

relationship

b.

rope

c.

promise
d.

financial document

16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

a.

disadvantages of breast feeding

b.

prevention of SIDS

c.

physical closeness

d.

Nutriotion of breast milk

17. The author of the passage implies that the breast feeding ....

a.

prevent diabetes, obesity and certain cancer

b.

maintain stamina

c.

lower IQ

d.

controls emotion

18. Where is the passage does the author describe benefits of breast feeding for mother?

a.

at the end of paragraph 2

b.

at the beginning of paragraph 2

c.

at the beginning of paragraph 3

d.

at the end of paragraph 3

19. Which of the following is NOT true of the breast feeding?

a.
feel numb

b.

help your baby bond

c.

linked to higher IQ scores

d.

feel secure

CLEAR MY CHOICE

Question 20
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Question text
How can breast feeding help mother lose pregnancy weight faster??

a.

it burns extra calories

b.

it takes much money

c.

it bothers mind

d.
it takes sleeping time

CLEAR MY CHOICE

Question 21
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Question text
In line 19, the word " sterilize" is closest in meaning to...

a.

medical

b.

standard

c.

clean

d.

special
What is the main topic of this passage?

a.

a result of cellular metabolism

b.

maintaining fluid homeostasis

c.

introduction to the urinary system

d.

the excretory function

CLEAR MY CHOICE

Question 23
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 Flag question

Question text
According to the passage, the lungs in the respiratory system excrete..

a.

blood

b.

hemoglobin

c.

pigment

d.

carbon dioxide

CLEAR MY CHOICE

Question 24
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In line 2, the word " rid " is closest in meaning to...

a.
produce

b.

sell

c.

support

d.

remove

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Question 25
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In line 6, the phrase " respiratory " is closest in meaning to...

a.

breathing

b.

immune

c.

excreting
d.

digesting

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Question 26
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In line 11, the phrase " compensate " is closest in meaning to...

a.

pay

b.

exchange

c.

damage

d.

crash

CLEAR MY CHOICE

Question 27
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Question text
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

a.

blood pressure

b.

excretory organ

c.

enlargement of the alveoli

d.

function of the urinary system

CLEAR MY CHOICE

Question 28
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The author of the passage implies that the skin ....

a.
rids the body of wastes through the sweat glands

b.

maintains normal blood pressure

c.

excretes bile pigments

d.

controls red blood cell production

CLEAR MY CHOICE

Question 29
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Where is the passage does the author describe other organs contribute to the excretory
function?

a.

at the end of paragraph 2

b.

at the beginning of paragraph 2

c.

at the end of paragraph 3

d.

at the beginning of paragraph 3

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Question 30
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Which of the following is NOT true of the urinary system?

a.

supply of oxygen for the metabolic processes

b.

maintain the volume and composition of body fluids

c.

maintaining normal blood pressure

d.

rid the body of waste products

CLEAR MY CHOICE

Question 31
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Question text
How does the urinary system control red blood cell production?

a.

accumulating the result of cellular metabolism

b.

secreting the hormone erythropoietin

c.

secreting the enzyme renin

d.

excreting bile pigments

Choose the best title for the passage...

a.

Why are nurses and doctors losing empathy?

b.

Doctor and nurse in the hospital

c.

Nurse students

d.

Nurse job description

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Question 33
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What is the impact of the technology for patients, nurse and doctors?

a.

monitor non-verbal communication

b.

develop the ability to patient’s rapport

c.
changing patients, nurse and doctors interaction

d.

monitor patient’s health

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Question 34
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Touch help patients to release .......... the-feel good hormone.

a.

dophamine

b.

growth

c.

oxytocin

d.

adrenalin

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Question 35
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According the passage two technologies that subtitute to administer medications and access
documents and support patient interviews are..

a.

smartphone and computers

b.

digital scale

c.

digital blood presure measurer

d.

computers on wheels

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Question 36
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Games and virtual entertainment can help patients’ .....

a.
complain on their pain

b.

detect diseases

c.

medical treatment

d.

distract and reduce the pain during painful procedures

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Question 37
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One important skill that could be misssing during students’ simulation with computerised
mannequin is....

a.

develop patients’ rapport

b.

integrated communication skills

c.

computing skills
d.

detect early sympton on patients

The word vulnerable population has similar meaning to…….

a.

healthy

b.

safe

c.

good

d.

risk

CLEAR MY CHOICE
Question 39
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The topic of the passages discuss about

a.

prenatal and postnatal care

b.

pregnancy during pandemic

c.

the parents of newborn

d.

COVID-19 as a global pandemic

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According to the Economist prediction fewer birth would be..
a.

more than a million

b.

less than 500,000

c.

close to 500,000

d.

500,000

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The World Bank has classified the U.S. as one of five and only country with..

a.

high birth rate

b.

high pregnancy number

c.
high paid

d.

high income

What is the reading passage about?

a.

the spread of COVID-19 virus

b.

malnutrition as the real epidemic n the world

c.

COVID-19 epidemic

d.

the world versus COVID-19

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In line 3 the word "enormous" has a similar meaning to...

a.

medium

b.

small

c.

big

d.

tiny

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What will generate long wave impact to the world?
a.

COVID-19 virus

b.

COVID-19 and malnutrition

c.

health consequences

d.

the malnutrition case

45. Lancet Comission called for....

a. civil society involvement

b. all the answer above

c. food systems

d. national and international governance

46. ...........revolves around strengthening community and state capacity and resilience to
future shocks. This sentences refer in line..

a.19

b.12

c.13

d. 10
47. The topic of the reading passage is about..

a. midwives expertise and working details

b. virus in Canada

c. midwives and pregnant woman

d. professional health workers

48. According to the passage, midwives are divided into

a. five

b.two

c. four

d. three

49. Midwives speciality in birthing is...

a. low risk normal birth

b. cesarean birth

c. high risk birth

d. normal delivery

50. Advances skills that some midwives have are..

a.perform bedside ultrasound

b.conduct vacuum deliveries

c.all the answers

d.surgery’s assistant