THE SHARD

LONDON

A002 ROSHNI RAJA

A003 SONALI CHAMADIA
A012 PRISHITA MEHTA
A022 ACHIRA SHAH
A029 AARYAA JOSHI
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INTRODUCTION

Built : November 2012

Architect : Renzo Piano

Height : 306m

Built Up Area : 56,000 sq. m

Storeys : 95

Function : Hybrid Structure (Offices, Residence,

Restaurant, Hotel)
SITE CONTEXT

The site is placed near london bridge station and a hospital and even large scale water line
runs below the road next to site.
It was calculated that any structure within 100m of the site’s perimeter could be at risk with any
movement caused while excavation.
So the impact of the construction should be minimum.
- The Shard began as a political statement as well as a business proposition. In 2000, the British
government released an Urban White Paper encouraging high-density development at transit
nodes.
- The Shard is the only building in Southwark of London Above 20 Storey while the buildings in the
surroundings are hardly 15 storey max. The remaining high storey office structures are on the
opposite side of the river including like the Gherkin.
 DESIGN CONCEPT

Wanted to reflect the life of London on the glass facades of the

building, which reflect the seasons or weather variations with its
diversity of color.

The form was determined by the skyline of the city, after the rain is
blue and in the evening it will become warmer. The building was
designed to be a “vertical city, with many functions” to remain alive 24
hours a day.

The shape and design are influenced church towers. The shape of
the building narrows as it ascends, ending in a kind of needle -shape
having some buildings of that era.
DISTRIBUTION

● Floor 0-1 Lobby

● Floor 2-28 Offices
● Floor 31-33 Restaurants
● Floor 34-52 Hotel
● Floor 52 Spa
● Floor 53-65 Residential apartments
● Floor 68-72 Gazer
● Floor 75-87 Spire
FLOOR 0-1
FLOOR 2-28
FLOOR 31-33
FLOOR 34-52
FLOOR 53-65
FLOOR 68-72
FLOOR 75-87
CORE
21 Lift and stair shafts in the core at
the ground level

Total 44 elevators including double

decker lifts and 31 escalators in the
structure.
 CIRCULATION
Circulation around spaces with geometric shapes.

Spiral movement around core structure.

CIRCULATION
SECTION
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

The tower is effectively three separate structures -

a steel-frame building for the first 40 floors

(offices and retails)

a post-tension concrete frame up to level 72

(hotel and residential)

then a steel spire to complete the shape to the

equivalent of level 95.
 9TH FLOOR PLAN 23RD FLOOR PLAN

FLOOR 3 -36
Distance between two perimeter columns is almost 6m.

Distance between perimeter column to the core is 15m.

 39TH FLOOR PLAN 68TH FLOOR PLAN

FLOOR 39-72
Distance between two perimeter columns is almost 3m.

Distance between perimeter column to the core is 9m.

 The floor plates of the
lower four levels of
hotel are steel framed.

Downstand edge
beams on all four
levels act as load
sharing systems
transferring load from
perimeter columns
spaces at 3m centres
to perimeter column
6m centres.

Post tensioned slab

In some parts of the office levels,
the perimeter columns rise
vertically for several floors before
gaining the slope of 6 degree.

In one location the slope is

reversed for some of the levels.
These are the places we call “Kink
points” that substantial horizontal
forces are produced, and from
there transfers from the steel struts
and ties, back to the core.
 FLOOR

Flat plate floors were the most economic and most likely
to maximise the number of floors for a given height.
FLOOR
Lower level are constructed using steel
framed slab with storey height 3.65m.

Higher levels are constructed using post

tensioned floor slabs with storey height
of 3.1m

the beams were set orthogonally to the

shards (façade planes) rather than
being arranged at right angles to the
core walls.

HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

FLOOR- VIERENDEEL TRUSS
SYSTEM
At the junction of the main tower with the backpack(the
office space extension which is 19 stories high), the
spacing of columns was increased to 12m.

The reason is because they wanted to avoid a wall of

columns interrupt the office spaces. Here, they used
simple but very large trusses.
 HORIZONTAL
WIND LOAD

LOAD PATH VERTICAL

LOADS

LATERAL
INTERNAL
FORCES
THE CORE
the central reinforced concrete core is the major lateral
stability system. The push-and-pull forces resulted from the
lateral load primarily from wind are transferred to the piles
and the raft.

As the use of the structure changes and demand for lifts

decreases, the core reduces in plan area.
The plunge columns had to be incorporated within the thickness of the core walls, whilst avoiding existing piles
within the core footprint. The core walls internally were 450mm and externally were 800mm. This restricted the
plunge columns to a maximum width of 350mm and 600mm respectively
FOUNDATION

Secant piles of 900mm diameter at 700mm spacing and

1500mm bored piles.
DIAGRID SYSTEM
level 72 to 87

Diagrid is an exterior structural system in

which all perimeter vertical columns are
eliminated and consists only of inclined
columns on the facade of the building

Shear and overturning moment developed

are also resisted by such diagonal.
OUTRIGGER SYSTEM
An outrigger system located in the plant
room between floors 66-68.

Transfers load to perimeter columns.

Contribution of the outrigger system, it can

be seen that the stress in the core wall is
in the allowable level, The only
disadvantage is the loss of office space at
the outrigger level.
CONSTRUCTION
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Fractures

- The spaces created between the glass panels of the double facade are called fractures.
- As they are open to the wind,receiving natural light and ventilation while providing a vital link with
the external environment often denied in airtight building.
- The huge double ventilated facade,use crystals with low iron content with a mechanical roller
blind in the cavity to provide sun protection.
SIMILAR STRUCTURES
1. TIANJIN CTF FINANCE CENTRE

LOCATION- CHINA

MATERIAL - COMPOSITE

FLOOR COUNT- 97

HEIGHT- 530 m

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM- OUTRIGGER, CORE, SLOPING

COLUMNS
The tower's design is a synthesis
of architectural, structural, and
functional requirements. The
composite structural system is
composed of a central reinforced
concrete core, a perimeter moment
frame consisting of structural steel
spandrel beams, and a sloping
column and belt truss system.
2. RAFFLES CITY, CHINA
A composite moment frame
plus concrete core structural
system was adopted for the
tower structures. Concrete
filled steel tubular (CFT)
columns together with steel
reinforced concrete (SRC)
beams form the outer
moment frame of the towers'
structure. The internal slabs
and floor beams are of
reinforced concrete.
 Aspire Tower, Doha
● LOCATION : Doha, Qatar

● ARCHITECT : Hadi Simaan

● BUILDING USE : Hotel , Commercial spaces and

mixed use
Structural analysis
1. A 62m high steel diagrid frame tops out at 300m above the ground level.

2. The diagrid springs from a substantial concrete frame: a 1m wide and 1.5m deep
circumferential ring beam supported by nine concrete columns each approximately 1m by
1.5m arranged radially on top of the concrete core wall

1
 1 2

4 3
1. RHS
2. 3
3. The primary loadbearing elements of the diagrid shell are the circular
hollow sections (CHS), which vary from 610mm diameter near the base 4
to 457mm diameter at the top.
2

4. The shell is restrained laterally by a series of horizontal trusses outside

3
the “petal” at 8.1m vertical centres, spaced to coincide with the cladding
system’s horizontal support elements.
4
SHS
 Wind load

The wide direction is the critical direction for wind loading

because (a) the widest face area is exposed to the wind, and
(b) the structural depth available to resist the loads is at a
minimum.
 CONCLUSION

Concrete used 580,000 sq ft

Weight of Steel 11,000 tons
Glass Panels 11,000

Population 8,000

Gross Internal Area 1,367,000 sq ft

Residential 62,000 sq ft
Hotel 192,000 sq ft
Offices 594,000 sq ft
Retail 61,000 sq ft