See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/273698018

Calculation and modeling long-haul DWDM system with advanced format

modulation tolerated by chromatic dispersion

Conference Paper · October 2014

DOI: 10.1109/APEIE.2014.7040911

CITATIONS READS

0 1,223

1 author:

Roman Ibragimov
Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics
9 PUBLICATIONS   7 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Roman Ibragimov on 05 June 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

2014 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
APEIE – 34006
Calculation and modeling long-haul DWDM
system with advanced format modulation
tolerated by chromatic dispersion
R.Z. Ibragimov, V.G. Fokin
Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Novosibirsk,Russia
Abstract – In this paper investigate influence of nonlinear
effects with no compensation link. The Non-linear opti-
cal phenomena greatly enhanced our knowledge
about interaction of light with matter and created a
dramatic change in optics technology. This nonlinear
products will reduce the optical signal to noise ratio
(OSNR) which in turn increases the Bit Error Rate
(BER). Also, authors propose some solution for calcula-
tion OSNR for usage different methods.
Index Terms – DWDM, advanced format modualtion,
PM-QPSK, OSNR, transponder devices.
I. INTRODACTION
T oday wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)
system based on 40-Gb/s time-division multiplex-
ing (TDM) channels are an attractive approach to real-
ize future terabit-per-second networks. DWDM sys-
tems use for transmission C and L-band, that it allow
to increase total capacity of system from 1.6Tbit/s and
over [1]. Recently, the main challenge for commercial
use DWDM systems are spectral efficiency. It is
major parameter for DWDM systems.
One of the popular method increasing spectral
efficiency is polarization-multiplexed quadrature
phase-shift keying (PM-QPSK) or quadrature
amplitude modulation (PM-QAM) [4], [5]. The
performance of long-haul broadband optical
transmission systems is mainly limited by two distinct
phenomena: amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)
noise accumulation and the generation of nonlinear
interference (NLI) due to the Kerr effect in the fiber.
According with ITU-T G.652, contribution for
coefficient of PMD have value of about 0.5 ps/√km,
however value of PMD for high bitrate system with
wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical
network has ≤0.04 ps/√km.
Coherent detection optical channels in WDM system
allows to decrease influence of nonlinear effects.
Also, for high-speed (40-Gb/s and beyond) optical
fiber communication systems, more powerful FEC
codes have became necessary in order to achieve
higher correction ability that FEC codes and compen-
sate for serious transmission quality degradation.
978-1-4799-/14/$31.00 © 2014 IEEE
II. PROBLEM FORMULATION
Fiber optic communications have provided us
with high-speed communications with enormous
bandwidth potential. The nonlinear effects depend
on the transmission length of the optical fiber.
The longer the optical fiber and more optical
power are available over its length, the more the
light interacts with the fiber material and the greater
the nonlinear effects. On the other hand, if the power
decreases while the light travels along the optical fi-
ber, the effects of nonlinearity diminish. According
with [3], we can calculate optical signal-to-noise ratio
in DWDM systems by different methods. Fiber
nonlinearities become a problem when several
channels coexist in the same fiber. Nonlinearity
effects arose, when optical fiber data-rates,
transmission lengths, number of wavelengths, and
optical power levels are increased.
III. THEORY
This equation can be generalized to account for the
OSNR of any end-to-end path through an optical net-
work (including the effect of the amplifiers in the
WDM line segments) which results in equation 1.
−0,1(P − NF −10 lg(hf Δf ))
OSNRout = −10 lg(10 in1 1 + ...
−0 ,1(P − NF −10 lg (hf Δf ))
... + 10 inN N
), (1)
where Pin1, Pin2,…, PinN – are the channel powers
(dBm) at the inputs of the amplifiers or ONEs on the
relevant path through the network;
NF1, NF2,…,NFN – are the noise figures (dB) of
the amplifiers or ONEs on the relevant path through
the network.
It should be noted, that at the input port of the
ONE is determined by vendors range 40-50dB. The
most characteristic and essential problem for
multichannel optical systems, beside attenuation and
dispersion, is interchannel crosstalk. We assume that
the effect of nonlinear interference on WDM signals
can be modeled as additive Gaussian noise,
statistically independent of ASE noise. If so, the ASE
and NLI contributions add up in power. The BER then
depends on the OSNR modified to include the NLI
noise, defined as [2]:
339
 АПЭП – 2014
XII МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
Pch
OSNR = , (2)
PASE + PNLI
where Pch – per-channel power;
PASE – dual-polarization ASE power;
PNLI – nonlinear interference power.
The DWDM signal in (1), (2) is made up of many
individual channels. Individual power in channel de-
fined as:
PSUM = P1 + 10 lg N , (3)
where N – number of channels;
Psum – total power of DWDM signal +17dB;
Pch – per-chanel power.
In telecommunication systems often use optical fiber
G.652. This fiber accumulates chromatic dispersion
along fiber length, that it is negative factor for OSNR.
G.652 fibers need dispersion compensation to span
conventional distances in metropolitan, regional, and
long-haul networks. For decreasing chromatic disper-
sion we can use Non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber
(NZDSF), specified in ITU-T G.655. Because the ze-
ro-dispersion point of NZDSF is outside of the normal
communications window, four-wave mixing and other
non-linear effects are minimized. NZ-DSF, due to
lower dispersion in the 1550 nm window than SMF,
has only one quarter of the total dispersion compensa-
tion requirements of SMF for a network to operate at
its optimal level. The resulting next-generation NZ-
DSF with optimized-dispersion fiber provides opti-
mum performance with both current and future system
needs [6], [7].
IV. RESULT OF CALCUALTION
According with (1), (2) and (3) we demonstrate of
calculation OSNR with different type of fibers (G.652
Aeff = 80 mcm², γ=1.54; G.655 Aeff = 72 мcм², γ=2.3).
Results in Fig 1, 2 show the simulated system reach
results, obtained for 40Gbit/s per channel. We propose
absence of chromatic dispersion because current tran-
sponders have automatic correction dispersion over
60000 ps/nm [1], [8], [9]. We have calculation for
DWDM grid with 16 optical channels. Spacing be-
tween channels are equal 100GHz.
Fig. 1. Number of span vs. OSNR for G.652: – OSNR, calculat-
ed by the equation 1; – OSNR, calculated by the equation 2.
340
Fig. 2. Number of span vs. OSNR for G.655: – OSNR, calculat-
ed by the equation 1; – OSNR, calculated by the equation 2..
V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
From calculation and figure 1, it is observed that
difference between two methods is approximately
5dB. For the figure 2, it is observed that both results
of calculation coincide. Our calculations has shown
that the difference between two methods of calculating
OSNR are made explicit.
VI. CONCLUSION
This paper has investigated the calculation of sev-
eral equations of OSNR with different fibers. The
main points we wish to make are:
1. OSNR from ITU-T G.680 ignores nonlinear
effects such as Stimulated Raman Scattering, four-
wave mixing and etc.
2. Equation 2 is more flexible then equation 1,
and it allows to increase of nonlinear penalty.
3. The analysis of penalties is done by set-
ting various power levels and channel spacing of
individual channels in DWDM system.
REFERENCES
[1] Listvin V.N., V.N. Treschikov DWDM systems: a
scientific publication. - Moscow: Nauka, 2013. – 300 с.
(in Russian)
[2] Analytical Modeling of Nonlinear Propagation in Un-
compensated Optical Transmission Links, Poggiolini, P.,
Photonics Technology Letters vol. 23, no. 11, June 1,
2011
[3] A. Carena et al., “Statistical characterization of PM-
QPSK signals after propagation in uncompensated fiber
links,” in Proc. ECOC 2010, Torino, Italy, Sep. 2010,
Paper P4.07
[4] Renaudier J., et al, Nonlinear Tolerance of Ultra-Densely
spaced 100Gb/s Coherent PDM-QPSK channels//Proc.
of ECOC, paper Mo2C3 (2010)
[5] Nanii O.E. Treschikov V.N. Prospective DWDM
communication system with a speed 20Tbit / s
connection, Photon Express, №3 (99), April 2012. (in
Russian)
[6] Planning fiber optic networks, Bob Chomycz, McGraw-
Hill Professional; 1 edition, June 2009
[7] Agrawal, G.P. Nonlinear fiber optics. / G.P. Agrawal.
NY. : Academic Press, 2013. – 629 p.
 2014 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
APEIE – 34006

[8] Gyrkin. Characteristic one-span DWDM system with 40
Gbit/s per channel DPSK в сетке 50 ГГц //Elecrtosvyaz.
– 2012. – No 1.
[9] S.O. Plaxin etc. Optimization decision threshold in an
optical communication system // Т-Comm. – 2011. – No
6. С. 31–33
Fokin Vladimir Grigorevich, associated
professor in dept. of Multichannel com-
munication and Optical systems, Siberian
State University of Telecommunications
and Information Sciences. His current
interests include optical communication
systems, multimedia communication sys-
tems, coherent detection and communica-
tion theory. He has published over 30
journal and conference articles in these
field.

Ibragimov Roman Zahirovich, assistant of

professor in dept. of Multichannel com-
munication and Optical systems, Siberian
State University of Telecommunications
and Information Sciences. His current
interests include optical communication
systems, dense-division multiplication,
coherent detection and nonlinear effects in
optical fibers.

341

View publication stats