Course Technology Application of Business

Course Instructor Prof. Mukund Prasad

Title of the Project Applications of Technologies in

Airlines

Submitted by Smaran Garg (J003)

Zain Syed Ahmed (J013)
Eshan Chatterjee (J023)
Ananthsyam G (J033)
Siddarth S (J043)
Valay Shah (J053)
V.Vamsi Krishna Reddy (J063)

Group Number 3

Division J

Submitted on 19th August, 2021.

 Introduction
Sentiment Analysis may be used in the aviation industry to determine what their
consumers desire and then adjust their customer strategy to fulfil those demands. The
International Air Transport Association (IATA) highlighted the technology and
components that will influence how the aviation business evolves in its latest study,
"Future of the Airline Industry 2035Cybersecurity, robotics and automation, 3D
printing, new manufacturing techniques, virtual reality, augmented reality, IoT, big
data, alternative fuels and energy sources, new aircraft designs, alternative modes of
rapid transit, and geospatial technology are all expected to play a role in the aviation
industry's future, according to the report.

Sentiment Analysis can be used in the aviation industry to determine what their
consumers desire and then modify their customer strategy to match those needs. In its
latest study, "The Future of the Airline Industry in 2035," the International Air
Transport Association (IATA) highlighted the technologies and traits that will affect
how the aviation sector progresses. According to the report, cybersecurity, robotics and
automation, 3D printing, new manufacturing techniques, virtual reality, augmented
reality, IoT, big data, alternative fuels and energy sources, new aircraft designs,
alternative modes of rapid transit, and geospatial technology will all play a part in the
aviation industry's future.

1) DATA ANALYTICS

• Introduction and Background

The world of aviation has been affected totally by data. Data is transforming airlines from
priorly pre-flight operations to post-flight operations including ticket purchase, seat selection,
luggage etc. Hence, the data is captured throughout the journey of customers.

• Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis

The airline industry today is immensely competitive and is worth more than billions of
dollars but the cumulative profit margin is less than 1% in total. The most taxing reason for
this would be because of the extremely complex landscape, seasonality and fierce
competition.

• Business Solution / IT solution / System

The solution for all of the above-mentioned problems would be to use big data analytics
which could make our system more efficient and also provide insights into customer
behaviour.
• Functionality Perspective -
Usage of analytics in airlines would fetch more bookings, less maintenance cost, more
data about competitors and also the real time forecast predicting.

• IT Infrastructure Requirements –

o Data base layer: Third party data requirements, Social Data requirements, Airport
data requirements.
o Application Layer: Airline data processing units, Search algorithms by sites,
Business logic and data processing
o Presentation Layer: Graphical and analytical display interface, User friendly and
easy to understand presentation.

• Cost Benefit Analysis

Analytics have immense benefits and one-time costs for a single technology. This
would go a long way in benefits with tangible outcomes such as revenue.

• SWOT Analysis -
o Strengths:
 A very large amount of data is collected by airlines which will help in
predictive analysis
 Airlines have the internal structure in place to support big data
o Weakness:
 Lack of quality experts for the same.
 Rapid changes in the data. It is always dynamic so only forecast can be
provided not the actual prediction
o Opportunities
 Decrease in logistic errors
 Increase in efficiency of maintenance
o Threats:
 Data breach and hacking can cause a variety of problems for an industry like
airlines with serious consequences
 Misuse of data might take place.
• Challenges (Management / Implementation / People)
o The data handling of an avalanche of data - It's no surprise that industry analysts
predict yearly data generation to reach 98 million terabytes by 2026, given that the
next generation of aircraft would create five to eight terabytes per flight, data handling
becomes very important.
o Managing different types of data, formats and structures - Weather conditions, air
traffic, aircraft speed, fuel consumption, and other information are all included and all
of them in different formats. We need to structure all different formats.

• Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house)

o Oracle Big Data Appliance - Used to consolidate and load unstructured data into
Oracle database software; Business Analytics Solutions and BI by SAP - Very
helpful and very powerful tool for complex organisations.

• Ethical / Security Issues

o Ethical and security issues related to big data are the leakage or hacking of data. This
would potentially put into risk the total number of people using the airline industry.
 • Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products
o Vendors and consultants would play a key role in implementation of big data in the
airline industry. The list of vendors and consultants would: SAP, ORACLE.

• Tangible & Intangible Benefits

o Tangible - Increase in revenue, Loss of baggage reduction, Predictive
customer interaction
o Intangible- Customer satisfaction, Customer engagement

• Novelty factor
o Big Data Analytics is a new and fresh way of looking at data. It would give us the
gaps and opportunities to increase effectiveness in the industry. Apart from this the
graphical representation provides quicker and easier to understand and to get insights
from.
• Future Scope
o The shift toward data democratisation is enabling the sector to make data-driven
strategic decisions. Big data, in combination with AI and machine learning, is
assisting the industry in predicting and forecasting consumer behaviour in order to
fine-tune their approach.

2) CYBER SECURITY
• Introduction and Background -
Aviation benefits from technology and digitization, but it also creates issues in addressing
cyber threats in this complex industry. Cyber security will help in reducing the threats and
also provide more assurance to customer.
• Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis
The aviation industry is a tempting target for cyber threat actors with a variety of motives,
ranging from stealing valuable data or money to disrupting and harming operations. The
requirement of cyber security is pivotal to safeguarding the customer data and also the data
of airlines.
• Business Solution / IT solution / System

• Functionality Perspective - A cyberattack might result in mass casualties and total

devastation in a matter of minutes. It has the capacity to erode trust in a single
corporation, with disastrous consequences for the entire industry.
• IT Infrastructure Requirements - Leading airlines have begun to address these
issues by establishing collaborative IT-infrastructure-modernization and cybersecurity
projects, leveraging synergies from both, and establishing alignment from the start.
• Cost Benefit Analysis - Though the initial cost and the regulation cost might be high
but the total development would increase the customer base and provide for many
intangible benefits which would further transform into revenue.
• SWOT Analysis -
Strengths:
data encryption procedures that are strong, antiviral software that is routinely updated
and a strict access policy
Weakness:
 There isn't a written security plan in place, Security patch updates are patched on a
sporadic basis, insufficient security funding
Opportunities:
choices for data cloud storage, information security, Edge computing
Threats:
Concerns about the environment, such as flooding or fires, as well as attempts to hack
computers with viruses, noncompliance with the rules

• Challenges (Management / Implementation / People)

Lack of uniformity in devices used for internet access, Lack of national level
architecture for Cybersecurity, Lack of separation, Lack of awareness

• Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house)

Business partners would be PwC, Deloitte, EY.

• Ethical / Security Issues

Personal privacy, data access rights, and damaging Internet acts are some of the most
basic ethical challenges surrounding the usage of IT on worldwide networks. Cyber
security challenges in civil aviation are a global concern because to the potential for a
catastrophic cyber-attack, which might have economic, social, fiscal, and public-safety
consequences.
• Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products
Consultant with the solutions is PwC, Deloitte, Accolite Digital, KPMG, EY

• Tangible & Intangible Benefits

o Tangible - Solutions will increase revenue and also increase safe data.
o Intangible- Customer satisfaction and customer engagement.

• Novelty factor -Cybersecurity will provide airlines with the necessary safety net
against leakage and harmful usage of data. This further increase trust between
customers.
• Future Scope -Cybersecurity in the aviation ecosystem encompasses not only the
protection of information in the form of digital data, but also the accompanying
networks, websites, services, computers, and portals that carry and provide access to
data.

3) Cloud Computing

Airlines are continuously dealing with massive amounts of data in complicated

situations, and worldwide personnel want data access 24x7 to ensure that ground and
air operations operate smoothly. What technology would be a better fit for this
application than cloud computing?

• Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis

The airline industry has a lot of data that is needed to be accessed readily. The main
problems that a cloud-based system could solve for the airline industry would be the
scalability and accessibility.
• Business Solution / IT solution / System
• Functionality Perspective
 The major advantages cloud provides in the aviation industry are:
Scalability to handle large number of customers and easy onboarding of apps

• IT Infrastructure Requirements
There are different types of cloud computing services:
IAAS (Infrastructure as a service) - Through an internet connection, a cloud service
provider maintains your infrastructure—the physical servers, network, virtualization,
and data storage—for you. The user is in charge of the OP.
PAAS (Platform as a service) - PaaS indicates that an outside cloud service provider
provides and manages the hardware and application-software platform, but the user is
responsible for the programmes that run.
SAAS (Software as a service) - SaaS is a service that provides customers with access
to a software application that is managed by the cloud service provider.

• Cost-Benefits Analysis
The cost benefit analysis of setting up the cloud infrastructure in the aviation industry
would be beneficial for the industry. The cloud cost is based on a pay as you use model.
• SWOT / PEST of this solution
o Strengths:
Cost reduction and onboarding of new apps made easier.
o Weakness:
The data will be exposed online, will require extra security layers
o Opportunities:
People can have access to the applications and services and also we can scale.
o Threats:
Regulatory issues in terms of data security and privacy concerns

• Challenges (Management / Implementation / People)

In this digital era, there are multiple threats lingering around to attack the
Aviation's security requirements cover a wide range of security issues, including the
security of financial information, trade secrets, customers' personal information etc

• Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house)

Getting in partnerships with cloud providers to get the best services and help in
onboarding the services onto cloud.

• Ethical / Security Issues

Research suggests 66% IT professionals believe security is main while implementing
cloud. Threats like ransomware aren't going away anytime soon. For those ready to
fully embrace digital transformation, software that secures file transfers and records
data in a compliant manner is pivotal.

• Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products

o In cloud computing the major vendors are:
o Microsoft Azure
o Amazon Web Services
o Google cloud
o IBM

• Tangible & Intangible Benefits

 o Tangible benefits:
Flexible technology access, Cost savings, Fast access to technology
o Intangible benefits
Intangible benefits, Increased customer engagement, Better Comms

• Novelty Factor in your project

o Cloud computing in the aviation industry is still a novice technology and
moving applications from the legacy to cloud will provide a ton of benefits.

• Wrap up and Concluding remark and Future Scope

o The accessibility and the scalability power of cloud computing can be
leveraged in many use cases in the industry. Having a proper plan to move the
legacy systems and services onto cloud will make the aviation industry
profitable. There is a huge scope for cloud in the near future for airlines.

4) Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality

• Introduction and Background

Given the significant cost of making mistakes in the aviation sector, virtual reality has
emerged as a valuable tool for aviation firms to improve service and teach their
employees more accurately.

• Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis

In the years 2017-2019, there were around 59, 000, and 280 deaths due to aircraft
disasters and mishaps, respectively. Virtual reality technology can make the aviation
sector safer and more cost-effective by enhancing airline crew training methods. AR can
also be used to give these people an immersive experience of complex paths.

• Business Solution / IT solution / System

• Functionality Perspective
The AR and VR are use cases are: Aircraft Inspections, Training Cabin Crew In-
Flight Entertainment and airports navigation

• IT Infrastructure Requirements
Virtual reality requires only goggles as an extra equipment for implementing the VR
applications.
• Cost-Benefits Analysis
The cost for the AR and VR applications in only developing the applications and the
benefits are numerous. It helps in saving costs by visualising the big instruments
investments and then investing the actual amounts.

• SWOT / PEST of this solution

o Strengths:
Reduced costings and wastage of large investments
o Weaknesses:
No weaknesses in these solutions apart from high starting investments.
o Opportunities:
 There are multiple opportunities to expand the horizon for these technologies.
o Threats:
The technology is changing at a very high speed, there may be a new technology
that may replace the current technology.

• Challenges (Management / Implementation / People)

The technology is a little nascent and still requires development to create crisp
applications. This is needed so that we can have a good accuracy.

• Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house)

These technologies can be produced in house as well as outsourced There are
companies that provide consultancy ideas for implementing AR and VR solutions

• Ethical / Security Issues

The VR technology has some health issues when exposed for a long amount of time.
With new technologies come security issues which has to be diligently dealt with.

• Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products

There are consulting companies like thoughtworks and Valour consulting that provide
end to end solutions to the airline companies for AR and VR.

• Tangible & Intangible Benefits

o Tangible: Reduction in lead times, Cost savings from operations, Reduced
workforce expenditures
o Intangible: Higher customer retention, Higher customer engagement

• Novelty Factor in your project

AR and VR is a nascent technology and it intrigues people. This is because we have
never seen this kind of technology around and is a whole new experience to the people.
People are eager to try this technology.

• Wrap up and Concluding remark and Future Scope

By the end of 2025, the VR and AR - based market in aviation is expected to have
grown by more than $1372 million, a compounded annual growth rate of 61.2 percent.
Companies who do not use VR at the proper time, on the other hand, risk slipping
behind their competitors.
5) AI and ML

• Problem Statement:
The airline industry needs technology that efficiently helps us make decisions based
on the past data to provide predictive and prescriptive solutions to the various aviation
industry problems.
• Introduction:
o The use of AI and ML has even been accelerated by pandemic. The airlines
are looking to develop entire AI based chat platforms
o Last year Air Asia developed a virtual all-star (AVA), which was a
continuously self-learning chatbot
• Functional Perspective:
o Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence displayed by machines. In
today's world, Artificial Intelligence has become highly popular. It is the
imitation of human intellect in computers that have been programmed to learn
and copy human actions.
• Infrastructure requirement for AI
o Storage requirement:
 It shows the net storage capacity for storage of data as the volume of
the data increases
 The type of the data storage infrastructure required depends on the
company and the level of the real time decision making that the
company aims to achieve.
o High computing capacity:
 Organizations require sufficient performance computing resources,
such as CPUs and GPUs, to properly exploit the opportunities given by
AI. Basic AI workloads can be handled in a CPU-based environment,
but deep learning requires many big data sets and the use of scalable
neural network algorithms.
o Network infrastructure:
 Another important part of AI infrastructure is networking. Deep
learning algorithms rely heavily on communication, and as AI efforts
grow, networks will need to keep up with demand.
o Security
 Handling sensitive data, such as patient records, financial information,
and personal information, can be a challenge for AI. A leak of this data
would be disastrous for any company.
 Furthermore, faulty data may cause the AI system to form wrong
inferences, resulting in erroneous judgments.
o Cost effective solutions
 As AI models become more complicated, they become more expensive
to run, thus maximising the performance of your infrastructure is
critical to keeping costs under control.
 Over the next few years, we can expect continued growth in companies
using AI, placing heavier burdens on the network, servers, and storage

• SWOT

• Ethical issues in implementation of AI

o Accuracy.
o Respect for privacy.
o Transparency.
o Interpretability.
• Tangible and Intangible benefits of AI
o Intangible
 Competitive advantage
 Agility
 Reduced downtime
o Tangible
 Increased cost savings due to better decision making
 Results in running of the operations at the most optimal level

• Novelty factor of the project

o The future of all the fields from manufacturing to complex decision-making

lies in AI and ML. It will help the user leverage the data available and make
more informed decisions that will bring better service providing and optimized
processed
6 ) Social Media

• Introduction:
According to the Simplifying Airlines Social Media Outlook Survey, 87 percent of airline
executives want to generate consumer insights via social media analytics. Every day, airline
firms receive millions of mentions.
• Problem statement:
The gap in the aviation to engage with their customers be it routine or the potential requires
a platform where they have various touchpoints to get connected with them.
• Functional Perspective:
Social media allows for instant communication with a disgruntled passenger. When
companies respond right away to a customer service issue, it's been shown that their
customers spend upwards of 40% more with the company.
• IT Infrastructure and requirement:
Social media platforms chosen for engagement and how they are connected to one another
for SEO with a Blog at its base pushing content to other platforms.
A social media infrastructure includes following
o Networks
Internet and 5G networks are examples of data and communication networks.
o IT Platforms
Digital media, in general, is supported by a number of IT platforms, including cloud
infrastructure services and content management platforms.
o Applications
End-user software, such as mobile apps for news, streaming video, and games.
o Streaming media
Services that supply mobile and home devices with on-demand media.
• Cost benefit analysis
o With the following inputs available one can do cost benefit analysis

1. The number of hourly or daily inquiries handled in social media

2. The average resolution time per inquiry
3. The average hourly rate paid to social media Customer Service agents
4. The percentage of an agent’s shift that is considered “downtime

• SWOT analysis:
• Challenges in implementation of social media

1. Adopting different social media marketing and engagement strategies for different
populations and target audience.
2. Providing the right IT infrastructure for marking the social media presence
3. Training of the staff and the account handlers to increase the customer experience at
each touch point.
• Business Partners
The key to deciding whether to keep social media operations in-house or outsourcing it to
a good quality provider is having a clarity of purpose clearly communicated to your team,
whether kept in-house or outsourced.
o Marketing or PR Representative: This person ensures that social media
messaging adheres to brand guidelines.
o Sales Representative: This person ensures that salespeople who use social
media are properly trained.
o IT representative: This person is an information security professional who
ensures that the plan complies with company cybersecurity requirements and
standards.
o Legal Representative: This person is familiar with the (evolving) body of laws
and regulations governing social media governance and intellectual property
protection.
• Ethical and security issues
o Take Privacy Seriously.
o Aim for Transparency.
o Don't Distort or Overstate.
o Avoid Over-Promising and Under-Delivering.
• Intangible and Intangible benefits
o Brand management
o Reputation management
o Better engagement with customers
• Tangible benefits
o Increased revenue
o Increased customer touch points
o Real time data of customer feedback

7) Internet of things (IOT)

• Introduction:
o The Internet of Things (IoT) has long been a popular idea in the IT sector, but it
wasn't until the early 2010s that it became a global phenomenon. The Internet of
Things (IoT) is made up of ordinary devices that can connect to each other through a
network, could be your printer, traffic lights, or jet engines This capacity to connect
and share data allows things and processes to function smarter, safer, and more
intelligently since they can be monitored and managed on a frequent basis. It is
widely utilised in a variety of industries, depending on their unique needs and
requirements.
• Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis
The airline industry can make use of sensors in many parts of the business, these sensors
can communicate with one another and make implementation of IOT possible. We can
take an example of cargo on airplanes. Cargo loading and unloading causes delays in
flight operations. Reducing these delays can improve services.
• Business Solution / IT solution / System
RFID tagging is being used to help airline customers so that they may soon be able to
find their bags at their destination. Shipping firms may use the same technology to track
their cargo.
• Functionality Perspective
What exactly is the Internet of Things, or IoT? Consider this: people may use cell
phones and laptops to connect to digital networks and the Internet in order to share
information, talk, shop, and so on.
• IT Infrastructure Requirements
Requirements in the IOT infrastructure needed are:
1. Sensors to record and collect data
2. Network connectivity to transfer and store data at remote location
3. Data computing in cloud to make inference of data collected
• Cost-Benefits Analysis
o IOT technology helps in reducing the operating costs. There is faster
movement of cargo. The main cost goes into building sensors only.
• Benefits include:
o Reducing delays by 20%
o Reducing deferred defects by 15%
o Saving each airline engineers 2 hours per day

• SWOT / PEST of this solution

• Challenges (Management / Implementation / People)
o Compatibility of Various IoT Systems. ...
o Authentication and Identification Issues in IoT. ...
o Integration of IoT Points with IoT Software. ...
o IoT Data Storage Challenge.
• Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house)
o Executives
o Finance
o Product management
o Operations
o Sales
o End customer
• Ethical / Security Issues:
o Informed consent. ...
o Privacy. ...
o Information security. ...
o Physical safety. ...
o Trust. ...
o Future research
• Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products
o There are consulting companies like thought works and Valour consulting that
provide end to end solutions to the airline companies to help them onboard the
solutions on to AR or VR.
• Tangible & Intangible Benefits
o Tangible:
 Reduction in lead times
 Cost savings from operations
  Reduced workforce expenditures
o Intangible:
 Higher customer retention
 Higher customer engagement
• Novelty Factor in your project:
The possibilities for IoT in the future are endless. Increased network agility, integrated
artificial intelligence (AI), and the ability to deploy, automate, coordinate, and secure varied
use cases at hyperscale will accelerate progress in the industrial internet.
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Introduction The aviation sector can use Sentiment Analysis to figure

out what their customers want and then tailor their customer strategy to meet those
needs. In its recent research, “Future of the Airline Industry 2035,” the International Air
Transport Association (IATA) identified the technologies and elements that will affect
how the aviation industry will evolve.

According to the report, cybersecurity, robotics and automation, 3D printing, new

manufacturing techniques, virtual reality, augmented reality, IoT, big data, alternative
fuels and energy sources, new aircraft designs, alternative modes of rapid transit, and
geospatial technology will all play a role in the aviation industry's future. Sentiment
Analysis can be used in the aviation industry to determine what their consumers desire
and then modify their customer strategy to match those needs.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) identified the technology and
characteristics that would influence how the aviation sector evolves in its recent
research, "The Future of the Airline Industry in 2035." Cybersecurity, robotics and
automation, 3D printing, new manufacturing techniques, virtual reality, augmented
reality, IoT, big data, alternative fuels and energy sources, new aircraft designs,
alternative modes of rapid transit, and geospatial technology, according to the report,
will all play a role in the future of the aviation industry. 1) DATA
ANALYTICS Introduction and Background The world of aviation has been affected
totally by data.

Data is transforming airlines from priorly pre-flight operations to post-flight operations

including ticket purchase, seat selection, luggage etc. Hence, the data is captured
throughout the journey of customers. / Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis
The airline industry today is immensely competitive and is worth more than billions of
dollars but the cumulative profit margin is less than 1% in total. The most taxing reason
for this would be because of the extremely complex landscape, seasonality and fierce
competition.

Business Solution / IT solution / System The solution for all of the above-mentioned
problems would be to use big data analytics which could make our system more
efficient and also provide insights into customer behaviour. Functionality Perspective
- Usage of analytics in airlines would fetch more bookings, less maintenance cost, more
data about competitors and also the real time forecast predicting. IT Infrastructure
Requirements - Data base layer: Third party data requirements, Social Data
requirements, Airport data requirements.

Application Layer: Airline data processing units, Search algorithms by sites, Business
logic and data processing Presentation Layer: Graphical and analytical display interface,
User friendly and easy to understand presentation. Cost Benefit Analysis Analytics have
immense benefits and one-time costs for a single technology. This would go a long way
in benefits with tangible outcomes such as revenue.

SWOT Analysis - Strengths: A very large amount of data is collected by airlines which
will help in predictive analysis Airlines have the internal structure in place to support big
data Weakness: Lack of quality experts for the same. Rapid changes in the data. It is
always dynamic so only forecast can be provided not the actual prediction
Opportunities Decrease in logistic errors Increase in efficiency of maintenance Threats:
Data breach and hacking can cause a variety of problems for an industry like airlines
with serious consequences Misuse of data might take place.

Challenges (Management / Implementation / People) The data handling of an avalanche

of data - It's no surprise that industry analysts predict yearly data generation to reach 98
million terabytes by 2026, given that the next generation of aircraft would create five to
eight terabytes per flight, data handling becomes very important. Managing different
types of data, formats and structures - Weather conditions, air traffic, aircraft speed, fuel
consumption, and other information are all included and all of them in different formats.
We need to structure all different formats.

Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house) Oracle Big Data Appliance - Used to
consolidate and load unstructured data into Oracle database software; Business
Analytics Solutions and BI by SAP - Very helpful and very powerful tool for complex
organisations. Ethical / Security Issues Ethical and security issues related to big data are
the leakage or hacking of data.

This would potentially put into risk the total number of people using the airline industry.
Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products Vendors and consultants
would play a key role in implementation of big data in the airline industry. The list of
vendors and consultants would: SAP, ORACLE.

Tangible & Intangible Benefits Tangible - Increase in revenue, Loss of baggage

reduction, Predictive customer interaction Intangible- Customer satisfaction, Customer
engagement Novelty factor Big Data Analytics is a new and fresh way of looking at
data. It would give us the gaps and opportunities to increase effectiveness in the
industry.

Apart from this the graphical representation provides quicker and easier to understand
and to get insights from. Future Scope The shift toward data democratisation is
enabling the sector to make data-driven strategic decisions. Big data, in combination
with AI and machine learning, is assisting the industry in predicting and forecasting
consumer behaviour in order to fine-tune their approach.

2) CYBER SECURITY Introduction and Background - Aviation benefits from technology

and digitization, but it also creates issues in addressing cyber threats in this complex
industry. Cyber security will help in reducing the threats and also provide more
assurance to customer. Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis The aviation
industry is a tempting target for cyber threat actors with a variety of motives, ranging
from stealing valuable data or money to disrupting and harming operations. The
requirement of cyber security is pivotal to safeguarding the customer data and also the
data of airlines.

Business Solution / IT solution / System Functionality Perspective - A cyberattack might

result in mass casualties and total devastation in a matter of minutes. It has the capacity
to erode trust in a single corporation, with disastrous consequences for the entire
industry. IT Infrastructure Requirements - Leading airlines have begun to address these
issues by establishing collaborative IT-infrastructure-modernization and cybersecurity
projects, leveraging synergies from both, and establishing alignment from the start.

Cost Benefit Analysis - Though the initial cost and the regulation cost might be high but
the total development would increase the customer base and provide for many
intangible benefits which would further transform into revenue. SWOT Analysis
- Strengths: data encryption procedures that are strong, antiviral software that is
routinely updated and a strict access policy Weakness: There isn't a written security plan
in place, Security patch updates are patched on a sporadic basis, insufficient security
funding Opportunities: choices for data cloud storage, information security,
Edge computing Threats: Concerns about the environment, such as flooding or fires, as
well as attempts to hack computers with viruses, noncompliance with the rules
Challenges (Management / Implementation / People) Lack of uniformity in devices used
for internet access, Lack of national level architecture for Cybersecurity, Lack of
separation, Lack of awareness Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house)
Business partners would be PwC, Deloitte, EY.

Ethical / Security Issues Personal privacy, data access rights, and damaging Internet acts
are some of the most basic ethical challenges surrounding the usage of IT on worldwide
networks. Cyber security challenges in civil aviation are a global concern because to the
potential for a catastrophic cyber-attack, which might have economic, social, fiscal, and
public-safety consequences.

Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products Consultant with the
solutions is PwC, Deloitte, Accolite Digital, KPMG, EY Tangible & Intangible Benefits
Tangible - Solutions will increase revenue and also increase safe data.
Intangible- Customer satisfaction and customer engagement. Novelty
factor -Cybersecurity will provide airlines with the necessary safety net against leakage
and harmful usage of data.

This further increase trust between customers. Future Scope -Cybersecurity in the
aviation ecosystem encompasses not only the protection of information in the form of
digital data, but also the accompanying networks, websites, services, computers, and
portals that carry and provide access to data.

3) Cloud Computing Airlines are continuously dealing with massive amounts of data in
complicated situations, and worldwide personnel want data access 24x7 to ensure that
ground and air operations operate smoothly. What technology would be a better fit for
this application than cloud computing? Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis
The airline industry has a lot of data that is needed to be accessed readily. The main
problems that a cloud-based system could solve for the airline industry would be the
scalability and accessibility.

Business Solution / IT solution / System Functionality Perspective The major advantages

cloud provides in the aviation industry are: Scalability to handle large number of
customers and easy onboarding of apps IT Infrastructure Requirements There are
different types of cloud computing services: IAAS (Infrastructure as a service) - Through
an internet connection, a cloud service provider maintains your infrastructure—the
physical servers, network, virtualization, and data storage—for you. The user is in charge
of the OP.

PAAS (Platform as a service) - PaaS indicates that an outside cloud service provider
provides and manages the hardware and application-software platform, but the user is
responsible for the programmes that run. SAAS (Software as a service) - SaaS is a service
that provides customers with access to a software application that is managed by the
cloud service provider.

Cost-Benefits Analysis The cost benefit analysis of setting up the cloud infrastructure in
the aviation industry would be beneficial for the industry. The cloud cost is based on a
pay as you use model. SWOT / PEST of this solution Strengths: Cost reduction and
onboarding of new apps made easier. Weakness: The data will be exposed online, will
require extra security layers Opportunities: People can have access to the applications
and services and also we can scale.

Threats:
Regulatory issues in terms of data security and privacy concerns Challenges
(Management / Implementation / People) In this digital era, there are multiple threats
lingering around to attack the Aviation's security requirements cover a wide range of
security issues, including the security of financial information, trade secrets, customers'
personal information etc Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house) Getting in
partnerships with cloud providers to get the best services and help in onboarding the
services onto cloud. Ethical / Security Issues Research suggests 66% IT professionals
believe security is main while implementing cloud.

Threats like ransomware aren't going away anytime soon. For those ready to fully
embrace digital transformation, software that secures file transfers and records data in a
compliant manner is pivotal. Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products
In cloud computing the major vendors are: Microsoft Azure Amazon Web
Services Google cloud IBM Tangible & Intangible Benefits Tangible benefits: Flexible
technology access, Cost savings, Fast access to technology Intangible benefits Intangible
benefits, Increased customer engagement, Better Comms Novelty Factor in your project
Cloud computing in the aviation industry is still a novice technology and moving
applications from the legacy to cloud will provide a ton of benefits.

Wrap up and Concluding remark and Future Scope The accessibility and the scalability
power of cloud computing can be leveraged in many use cases in the industry. Having a
proper plan to move the legacy systems and services onto cloud will make the aviation
industry profitable. There is a huge scope for cloud in the near future for airlines.

4) Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Introduction and Background Given the
significant cost of making mistakes in the aviation sector, virtual reality has emerged as
a valuable tool for aviation firms to improve service and teach their employees more
accurately. Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis In the years 2017-2019, there
were around 59, 000, and 280 deaths due to aircraft disasters and mishaps, respectively.

Virtual reality technology can make the aviation sector safer and more cost-effective by
enhancing airline crew training methods. AR can also be used to give these people an
immersive experience of complex paths. Business Solution / IT solution / System
Functionality Perspective The AR and VR are use cases are: Aircraft Inspections, Training
Cabin Crew In- Flight Entertainment and airports navigation IT Infrastructure
Requirements Virtual reality requires only goggles as an extra equipment for
implementing the VR applications.

Cost-Benefits Analysis The cost for the AR and VR applications in only developing the
applications and the benefits are numerous. It helps in saving costs by visualising the
big instruments investments and then investing the actual amounts. SWOT / PEST of this
solution Strengths: Reduced costings and wastage of large investments Weaknesses: No
weaknesses in these solutions apart from high starting investments.

Opportunities: There are multiple opportunities to expand the horizon for these
technologies. Threats: The technology is changing at a very high speed, there may be a
new technology that may replace the current technology. Challenges (Management /
Implementation / People) The technology is a little nascent and still requires
development to create crisp applications.

This is needed so that we can have a good accuracy. Business Partners (say outsourcing
or in-house) These technologies can be produced in house as well as outsourced There
are companies that provide consultancy ideas for implementing AR and VR solutions
Ethical / Security Issues The VR technology has some health issues when exposed for a
long amount of time.

With new technologies come security issues which has to be diligently dealt with.
Vendors / Consultants Role with their solutions or products There are consulting
companies like thoughtworks and Valour consulting that provide end to end solutions
to the airline companies for AR and VR.

Tangible & Intangible Benefits Tangible: Reduction in lead times, Cost savings from
operations, Reduced workforce expenditures Intangible: Higher customer retention,
Higher customer engagement Novelty Factor in your project AR and VR is a nascent
technology and it intrigues people. This is because we have never seen this kind of
technology around and is a whole new experience to the people. People are eager to try
this technology.

Wrap up and Concluding remark and Future Scope By the end of 2025, the VR and AR -
based market in aviation is expected to have grown by more than $1372 million, a
compounded annual growth rate of 61.2 percent. Companies who do not use VR at the
proper time, on the other hand, risk slipping behind their competitors. 5) AI and ML
Problem Statement: The airline industry needs technology that efficiently helps us make
decisions based on the past data to provide predictive and prescriptive solutions to the
various aviation industry problems. Introduction: The use of AI and ML has even been
accelerated by pandemic.

The airlines are looking to develop entire AI based chat platforms Last year Air Asia
developed a virtual all-star (AVA), which was a continuously self-learning chatbot
Functional Perspective: Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence displayed by
machines. In today's world, Artificial Intelligence has become highly popular.

It is the imitation of human intellect in computers that have been programmed to learn
and copy human actions. Infrastructure requirement for AI Storage requirement: It
shows the net storage capacity for storage of data as the volume of the data
increases The type of the data storage infrastructure required depends on the
company and the level of the real time decision making that the company aims to
achieve.

High computing capacity: Organizations require sufficient performance computing

resources, such as CPUs and GPUs, to properly exploit the opportunities given by AI.
Basic AI workloads can be handled in a CPU-based environment, but deep learning
requires many big data sets and the use of scalable neural network algorithms. Network
infrastructure: Another important part of AI infrastructure is networking.

Deep learning algorithms rely heavily on communication, and as AI efforts grow,

networks will need to keep up with demand. Security Handling sensitive data, such as
patient records, financial information, and personal information, can be a challenge for
AI. A leak of this data would be disastrous for any company. Furthermore, faulty data
may cause the AI system to form wrong inferences, resulting in erroneous judgments.

Cost effective solutions As AI models become more complicated, they become more
expensive to run, thus maximising the performance of your infrastructure is critical to
keeping costs under control. Over the next few years, we can expect continued growth
in companies using AI, placing heavier burdens on the network, servers, and storage
SWOT Ethical issues in implementation of AI Accuracy. Respect for privacy.
Transparency. Interpretability.

Tangible and Intangible benefits of AI Intangible Competitive advantage Agility

Reduced downtime Tangible Increased cost savings due to better decision making
Results in running of the operations at the most optimal level Novelty factor of the
project The future of all the fields from manufacturing to complex decision-making
lies in AI and ML.

It will help the user leverage the data available and make more informed decisions that
will bring better service providing and optimized processed 6 ) Social Media
Introduction: According to the Simplifying Airlines Social Media Outlook Survey, 87
percent of airline executives want to generate consumer insights via social media
analytics. Every day, airline firms receive millions of mentions.

Problem statement: The gap in the aviation to engage with their customers be it
routine or the potential requires a platform where they have various touchpoints to get
connected with them. Functional Perspective: Social media allows for instant
communication with a disgruntled passenger. When companies respond right away to a
customer service issue, it's been shown that their customers spend upwards of 40%
more with the company.

IT Infrastructure and requirement: Social media platforms chosen for engagement and
how they are connected to one another for SEO with a Blog at its base pushing content
to other platforms. A social media infrastructure includes following Networks Internet
and 5G networks are examples of data and communication networks. IT Platforms
Digital media, in general, is supported by a number of IT platforms, including cloud
infrastructure services and content management platforms.

Applications End-user software, such as mobile apps for news, streaming video, and
games. Streaming media Services that supply mobile and home devices with
on-demand media. Cost benefit analysis With the following inputs available one can do
cost benefit analysis / The number of hourly or daily inquiries handled in social media
The average resolution time per inquiry The average hourly rate paid to social media
Customer Service agents The percentage of an agent’s shift that is considered
“downtime SWOT analysis: Challenges in implementation of social media Adopting
different social media marketing and engagement strategies for different populations
and target audience.

Providing the right IT infrastructure for marking the social media presence Training of
the staff and the account handlers to increase the customer experience at each touch
point. Business Partners The key to deciding whether to keep social media operations
in-house or outsourcing it to a good quality provider is having a clarity of purpose
clearly communicated to your team, whether kept in-house or outsourced.

Marketing or PR Representative: This person ensures that social media messaging

adheres to brand guidelines. Sales Representative: This person ensures that salespeople
who use social media are properly trained. IT representative: This person is an
information security professional who ensures that the plan complies with company
cybersecurity requirements and standards.

Legal Representative: This person is familiar with the (evolving) body of laws and
regulations governing social media governance and intellectual property protection.
Ethical and security issues Take Privacy Seriously. Aim for Transparency. Don't Distort
or Overstate. Avoid Over-Promising and Under-Delivering. Intangible and Intangible
benefits Brand management Reputation management Better engagement with
customers Tangible benefits Increased revenue Increased customer touch points Real
time data of customer feedback Novelty factor Social media is becoming one of the
most important aspects of digital marketing which provides incredible benefits by
reaching millions of customers worldwide. They help you to connect with the customers,
increase your brand awareness, and boost your leads and sales.

7) Internet of things (IOT) Introduction: The Internet of Things (IoT) has long been a
popular idea in the IT sector, but it wasn't until the early 2010s that it became a global
phenomenon. The Internet of Things (IoT) is made up of ordinary devices that can
connect to each other through a network, could be your printer, traffic lights, or jet
engines This capacity to connect and share data allows things and processes to function
smarter, safer, and more intelligently since they can be monitored and managed on a
frequent basis. It is widely utilised in a variety of industries, depending on their unique
needs and requirements.

Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis The airline industry can make use of
sensors in many parts of the business, these sensors can communicate with one another
and make implementation of IOT possible. We can take an example of cargo on
airplanes. Cargo loading and unloading causes delays in flight operations. Reducing
these delays can improve services.
Business Solution / IT solution / System RFID tagging is being used to help airline
customers so that they may soon be able to find their bags at their destination. Shipping
firms may use the same technology to track their cargo. Functionality Perspective What
exactly is the Internet of Things, or IoT? Consider this: people may use cell phones and
laptops to connect to digital networks and the Internet in order to share information,
talk, shop, and so on.

IT Infrastructure Requirements Requirements in the IOT infrastructure needed are:

Sensors to record and collect data Network connectivity to transfer and store data at
remote location Data computing in cloud to make inference of data collected
Cost-Benefits Analysis IOT technology helps in reducing the operating costs. There is
faster movement of cargo. The main cost goes into building sensors only.

Benefits include: Reducing delays by 20% Reducing deferred defects by 15% Saving
each airline engineers 2 hours per day SWOT / PEST of this solution
Challenges (Management / Implementation / People) Compatibility of Various IoT
Systems. ... Authentication and Identification Issues in IoT. ... Integration of IoT Points
with IoT Software. ... IoT Data Storage Challenge.

Business Partners (say outsourcing or in-house) Executives Finance Product

management Operations Sales End customer Ethical / Security Issues: Informed consent.
... Privacy. ... Information security. ... Physical safety. ... Trust. ... Future research Vendors /
Consultants Role with their solutions or products There are consulting companies like
thought works and Valour consulting that provide end to end solutions to the airline
companies to help them onboard the solutions on to AR or VR.

Tangible & Intangible Benefits Tangible: Reduction in lead times Cost savings from
operations Reduced workforce expenditures Intangible: Higher customer retention
Higher customer engagement Novelty Factor in your project: he future of IoT has the
potential to be limitless. Advances to the industrial internet will be accelerated through
increased network agility, integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and the capacity to
deploy, automate, orchestrate and secure diverse use cases at hyperscale

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