Assignment 2

1. For A ∈ Mm×n (R), prove that ρ(A) ≤ min {m, n}.

2. For A ∈ Mm×n (R) and b ∈ Mm×1 (R), prove that
ρ(A) ≤ ρ(A|b) ≤ ρ(A) + 1.

3. Suppose A is a 2 × 1 matrix and that B is a 1 × 2 matrix. Prove that

C = AB is not invertible.
4. Prove the following generalization of Problem 3: If A is an m × n
matrix, B is n × m matrix and n < m, then AB is not invertible.
5. Let A and B be n × n matrices. If AB is invertible, then prove that
both A and B are invertible.
6. If an n × n matrix A is not invertible, then prove that there exists a
non-zero n × n matrix B such that AB = 0.
7. Prove that left and right inverses of a square matrix are equal.
8. Prove that a square matrix with either a left or right inverse is invert-
ible.
9. Prove that an upper triangular square matrix is invertible if and only
if every entry on its main diagonal is different from 0.
10. Let  
a b
A= .
c d
Prove that A is invertible if and only if (ad − bc) 6= 0.
11. Find the inverse of
1 1
 
1 2 3
 
1 1 1

A=
2 3 4
 
1 1 1
3 4 5

Please turn over...

 by using Gauss-Jordan method. Note that A−1 has integer entries.

12. Given any constants a, b, c, where a 6= 0, find all values of x such that
the matrix A is invertible if
 
1 0 c
A=  0 a −b  .
− a1 x x2