CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.0 Introduction

This chapter is basically concerned with the discussion of the findings, analysis,
interpretation, and presentation of the collected data from different respondents
(Male and Female ) who are involved directly in Grapevine production based on the
contribution of Grapevine farming to households income at Mpunguzi Ward

4.2 Characteristics of Respondents

The general characteristics of the respondents examined include their age, marital
status and education level.

4.1 Age category of the respondents

Table 1 below shows the age composition of the respondents. The age ranged from 17-25 years,
26-34 years, 35-43 years and 44-52 years, 53-63 and above years. The result shows that 29.2 %
of the respondents fall in the age category of 26-43 years that means that at this age people are
mostly involved in Grapevine production because in this age most of them they have families
and they engage in Grapevine production as their major income generating activity source to
meet their daily basic needs to improve their livelihood; so this group is very important in the
economy of the area and the Nation at large
 Table 1.0 . Age of respondent
Age of
respondent Frequencies Percentage%
 
17-25 14 14.6

26-34 28 29.2

35-43 28 29.2

44-52 12 12.5

53-63 14 14.6

Total 96 100.0

Source: Field data, 2021

Sex of the respondent

Results in Table 2 indicate that, 59.4% of the respondents in the study area were males while
40.6% of the respondents were females. This implies that, most of the respondents were males
rather than females, in these situation males’ respondents involved much information expression
rather than females. So the gender equity is important in different social and economic activities
in order to improve development activities in the study area and Tanzania in general. In the study
conducted by Kiyingi (1994) revealed that, gender refers not only to women or men per sex, but
to the socially defined roles of each sex, as well as to the relation between them. Gender issues,
therefore, form part of the development approach that puts people at the center and ensures their
participation in the entire development process.

Table 2.0 . Sex of the respondents

Sex of the respondent Frequencies Percentages

 Female 39 40.6

Male 57 59.4

Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data.2021

4.2 Marital status of the respondent

The table 3 below show marital status of the respondents in which 69.8% most of them are
married which shows that the number of married women and men in the study area were higher
than singles and widows which is 28.1% and 2.1% respectively. This implies that Grapevine
production activities conducted by both men and women in the area enable these individuals and
their families to afford their daily living costs

Table 3.0. Marital status of the respondent

 Marital status Frequencies Percentages  
  Married 67 69.8  
Single 27 28.1
Widow 2 2.1
Total 96 100.0  
Source: Field data.2021

4.3 Education level of the respondent

Table 4 below show the level of education attained by the respondents in the study
area which indicate four levels of education status which are: None education,
primary education, secondary education and college/institute/University. The study
showed that 8.3 % of the respondents did not attend to school, 62.5% had attained
primary education; also 27.1% attained secondary education and 2.1% had attained
tertiary education.

Table 5.0. Education level of the respondent

Education level of the
respondent Frequencies Percentages
 
None 8 8.3

Primary 60 62.5

Secondary 26 27.1

collage and above 2 2.1

Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data,2021

4.4 Information related to the Grapevine production in the study area

4.4.1 Currently Grapevine Market status,

The table 6 and graph below indicates the Grapevine Market status in the area, basing on the
information in the table and graph, all expression provided by respondents shows that market
status occupy 100% of grapevine sold in the market. This implies that growers sell their grapes
well and earn income that support to get basic needs for their survival
 Table 6.0. currently grapevine market status
Market status Frequency Percentages
  Good 96 100.0
Source: Field data, 2021.

4.4.2 Currently Grapevine price status

The table 7 below, show the expression of respondents on grapevine price status in the area in
terms of percentages in which, 99% of respondents said the grapes price was good while 1.0% of
the respondents said grapes price was very good. This implies that, growers generate high
income while growers of 1% generate higher income than those of 99%.

Table 7.0. Currently Grapevine price

Grapevine price
status Frequencies Percentages
  Good 95 99.0
very 1 1.0
good
Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data, 2021.

4.4.3 Perception of the accessibility of credit services in the area

The table 8 below shows the perception of credit services in the area, in which 1% of the
respondents said that credit services are easily accessible while 99% of the respondents said
that ,credit services are not easily accessible. This implies that, if 99% of people said that credit
services are not easily accessible, it shows that there is severity of accessing credits to grape
growers and intervention should be undertaken compared with those who said 1% had accessible
of credit services.
Table8.0. Perception of credit services in the area

Accessibility of credit
services Frequencies Percentages
 
Easily 1 1.0
accessible

not easily 95 99.0

accessible
Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data,2021.

4.4.4 Reception of loan to support Grapevine production activities

The table 9 below shows the expression of the respondents on the reception of loan to support
Grapes production, in which 100% of the respondents said that, there is loans have been given
them to support grape farming. This implies that, there is severe condition to farmers to access
loans to support the production.

Table 9.0. Reception of loan to support grapevine production

Loan reception Frequencies Percentages
 
No 96 100.0
Source: Field data.2021

4.4.5 Insurance services that support Grapevine in the area

The table 10 shows the availability of insurance services in the area in which 99% of the
respondents said that, there is no availability of insurance services in the area while 1% of the
respondents said there is availability of insurance service in the area. This implies that, if 99% of
the respondents said that, there is no availability of insurance services compared with 1% who
said there is, therefore the insurance services in is severely.
 10.0. insurance service that support grapevine farming
Insurance
services Frequencies Percentages
 
yes 1 1.0
No 95 99.0
Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data.2021

4.4.6 Currently pattern of Grapevine infrastructures in the area

The table 11 below shows the pattern of infrastructures around grapevine production zone in
Mpunguzi Ward in which 100% of the respondents said that, the infrastructures like Tarmac road
and gravel roads are good and do not cause much barrier to transport the bulk cargo of Grapes
from production zone to marketplace.

Table 11.o. currently pattern grapevine

infrastructures status
Infrastructure
status Frequency Percentages
Good
96 100.0

Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data, 2021
4.4.7 Potential benefits which grapevine growers get by engaging in grapevine farming
There are a lot of benefits which grapes growers get by engaging in grapevine farming in the
area, in which 41.7% of the respondents said that ,the benefits they get by engaging in grapevine
farming are accessing food and clothes, followed 40.7% of the respondents said grapevine
farming helps them to generate income and accessing healthcare while employment opportunity
occupies 9.4%,fincing children education occupies 7.3% and investing to other business occupies
1%.So this implies that at least grapevine farming contribute to farmers to access the basic needs
for their survival.

Table 12.0. Potential benefits

  Potential benefits Frequencies Percentages

 

accessing food and accessing 40 41.7

clothes

income generation and 39 40.6

accessing health care
employment opportunity and 9 9.4
accessing food

financing children education 7 7.3

investing on other businesses 1 1.0

 Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data, 2021.

4.4.8 Strategies employed by government to support grapevine in the area

table below shows the expression of the respondents about the strategies employed by the
government to support Grapes farming at Mpunguzi Ward, in which 100% of the said that, there
is no any strategy employed by government to support the grapevine farming at Mpunguzi
Ward. This implies that, this is the serious problem that might hamper grapevine farming in the
area and much intervention must be done to support the farmers at the area.

Table 13.0. strategies employed by government to support

the grapevine farming
Strategies Frequencies Percentages
 
No 96 100.0

Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data, 2021.

4.4.9 Challenges facing grapevine production in the area

The table 14 below shows the expression of the respondents about the challenges facing
grapevine farmers at Mpunguzi Ward. According to Funchs (1997) listed some challenges of
grapes farming to grapes growers as follows, heavy initial investment for establishing vineyard,
higher recurring costs in the vineyard management, marketing problem, insects and diseases and
low proportion of export. But at Mpunguzi Ward, it shows that 38.5% have said that, they have
challenges of wild animals and unstable price, followed 24% said medicine and fertilizers while
11.5% pests and diseases. All these are major challenges facing grape growers at Mpunguzi
Ward while other challenges occupy minor position.

Table 14.0.Constraints or challenges grapevine production in the area

  Frequencies Percentages
 
wild animals and unstable 37 38.5
price

pests and diseases 11 11.5

medicine and fertilizers 23 24.0

few industries and lack of 5 5.2

institution support
seasonal production 4 4.2

shortage of water 8 8.3

little exportation 2 2.1

Superstition beliefs 1 1.0

 Total 96 100.0
Source: Field data, 2021.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and recommendations
Conclusion: In spite the grapevine farming contributes to income generation of households’
income still grapevine farming facing like high cost of inputs, lack of institutional support and
physical environment.
In spite, the grapevine farming facing these challenges, there is no any strategies taken by the
government and other stakeholders to support grapes farming
Grapevine production is important in improving income and food in household level and
community level in the study area. Most of investors in the study are involved in grapes
production in order to support them in accessible cash and food.

Recommendation:

To government

The government should improve the agriculture equipments and inputs such as tractors,
fertilizers, better seeds and plough in rural areas in order to improve agriculture sectors. Most of
farmers demand agriculture inputs for improving grapes production to support them in increasing
income to household level and community level in the study area.

To community

The community should engage in improvement of agriculture production in terms of its quality.
The improvement of Grapes production influence community to earn high amount of income
which support them to meet daily basic needs such as education, health, water and education in
the study area.
To NGOs and CBOs

The NGOs and CBOs by collaboration with community and government should support the
improvement of agriculture sectors for provision of training and facilities in the study area. The
training is important for improving Grapes production, market accessibility and financial
management.

To policy makers

The policy makers should improve the National Agriculture Policy in order to be current for the
purpose of improving agriculture sector in order to improve living conditions of rural people and
Tanzanians in general. The National Policies should support community to understand their
importance in Tanzania in order to increase people awareness for future Grapes production
sustainability.