UNIT KIMIA

KOLEJ MATRIKULASI KELANTAN

TITLE : EXPERIMENT 5; CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

OBJECTIVE :
1. To study the effect of concentration and temperature on chemical equilibrium
2. To determine the equilibrium constant, Kc of a reaction.

INTRODUCTION :

PROCEDURE : Write passive sentences.

RESULT : (A) Effect of concentration in the formation of thiocyanoiron(III) complex ion

Fe3+ (aq) + SCN- (aq) [Fe(SCN)2]+ (aq)

Yellowish brown blood-red

Experiment Observation

I. Addition of 1 mL of
0.1 M Fe(NO3)3

II. Addition of 1 mL of
0.1 M KSCN

III. Addition of 6-8

drops of 10% NaOH

(B) Effect of temperature on equilibrium

Co( H2O)62+ (aq) + 4 Cl- (aq) CoCl42- (aq) + 6 H2O(l)
Pink Blue

Test Condition Observation

I At room temperature

Ice bath (0 oC)

II
At room temperature

In water bath
III (80 – 90oC)

Prepared by: Zuraini binti Abdul Aziz, Badrisam bin Saindin, Norazreean binti Muhamad
 At room temperature

(C) Determination of Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium involved is represented by the following equation:

SbCl3 (aq) + H2O (l) SbOCl (s) + 2HCl (aq)

Reading Burette reading/mL

Initial reading 0.00
Final reading 13.50
Volume of water 13.50

CALCULATION : Moles of SbCl3 =

=

Final Volume =

Thus, [ SbCl3] =
=

Moles of HCl =
=

Thus, [ HCl ] =
=

Equilibrium constant, Kc =

DISCUSSION : (A) Effect of concentration in the formation of thiocyanoiron(III) complex ion.

Fe3+(aq) + SCN– (aq) Fe(SCN)2+(aq)

yellowish brown blood-red

Test I: Addition of Fe(NO3)3 causes the concentration of

Fe3+ to __________. The disturbed system responds by
decreasing the added Fe3+ as to re-establish __________________.
As a result, the position of the equilibrium will ___________________.
Therefore the concentration of ________________________________.

Test II: When SCN– is added to the system, it reacts with ___________________.
This causes the position of the equilibrium __________________________
and as a result the blood-red colour ___________.

Prepared by: Zuraini binti Abdul Aziz, Badrisam bin Saindin, Norazreean binti Muhamad
 Test III: Addition of NaOH decreases the____________ because OH– ions react with
_______ to form a rusty brown precipitate of Fe(OH)3. Some of the
Fe(SCN)2+ ions dissociate to replace the Fe3+ causing the position of
equilibrium ________________________.

(B) Effect of temperature on equilibrium

Co( H2O)62+ + 4Cl – CoCl42- + 6H2O

pink blue

The formation of ______________ at room temperature shows the presence of

________ and ____________ at equilibrium. When cooled in ice the colour of the
mixture changes to _______, which indicates that the equilibrium mixture is largely
composed of ____________. Thus, we can conclude that the position of the
equilibrium _________________ at low temperature.

When the temperature rises to 90OC, a ___________________ forms, showing that the
system has a net forward reaction. Applying Le Chatelier’s principle, we can
conclude that the system favours an _________________ so as to counteract the
added heat.

(C) Determination of Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium involved is represented by the following

equation:

CONCLUSION :
1) The chemical equilibrium is affected by ___________ and ____________.

2) Kc of the reaction is _____________.

QUESTION :
1) Explain why the concentration of pure liquid and solid are excluded
from the equilibrium constant expression for a heterogeneous system.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Prepared by: Zuraini binti Abdul Aziz, Badrisam bin Saindin, Norazreean binti Muhamad