I.

Water
Used for prep of reagents like dilution for controls and calibrators, cleaning
Type I: controls and buffer, Highest purity for sensitive
Type II: most laboratory analysis: routine, distilled water
Type III: wash water
*Do not use mineral water, absolute distilled water usually
CLSI grade water
Reagent grade: type ii
Special reagent water:
Instrument feed water
Water supplied by method manufacturer
Autoclave
Wash water

Water parameter: no microbes microbiologic counts(<10CFU/ml)

pH (7)
resistivity (lack of conductivity)
silicate (<0.05mg/L)
particulate matter (contaminants) and organics

Purification process
1. Prefiltration (<0.2mm) submicron, glass, cotton, act. Charcoal
2. Distillation: vaporized and condensed. Removes bacteria, pyrogens, particulate
matter
3. Deionization: sodium chlroride, pass through bed of cation and anion
4. Reverse osmosis: thru high pressure, semi permeable
5. Ultra violet oxidation and sterilization: microorganism
Glasswares
1. Borosilicate/thermal resistant glass- pyrex/ kimax, resistant to heat, corrosion,
thermal shock, has low alkali content
Used whenever heating or sterilization by heat is employed.
2. Alumina-silicate glass-high silica content which makes it comparable to fused
quartx in its high resistance, chemically stable and electrical characteristic. Not
for med techs. For mirrors,laser *corex
3. Acid resistance/alkali resistant
4. Low actinic (amber colored) glass- reduce the amout of light transmitted through
to the substance. Trapping of light: vitamin bottles
5. Flint glass (soda lime): composed of a mixture of oxides of silicon, calcium and
sodium.
: inexpensive but low resistance to heat and chemicals *cannot put into autoclave
: ex. Disposable test tubes

Hematology/ blood tube: carbon paper cover *bilirubin=photosensitive, if bond

paper-ensure that it is covered