THE COMPONENTS OR ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

1. SOURCE/SENDER

 The sender carefully crafts the message. The sender may be anyone an author,
a public speaker, a student, or a teacher. The source of information or
message.

2. MESSAGE

 It refers to the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in

words or in actions.

3. CHANNEL

 The medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or

nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed.

4. RECEIVER

 The recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message.

5. ENCODING

 The process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms
that the speaker understands.

6. DECODING

 The process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the

receiver.

7. FEEDBACK

 The reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver.

8. CONTEXT

 It involves expectations of the sender and the receiver and the common shared
understanding through environmental signals.

9. BARRIER/INTERFERENCE
  The factors that affect the flow of communication.

KINDS OF INTERFERENCE/BARRIER

A. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS – these are thoughts that hamper the

message to be interpreted correctly by the receiver.
B. PHYSICAL BARRIERS – it includes competing stimulus, weather and
climate, health and ignorance of the medium.
C. LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL BARRIERS – it pertains to the language
and its cultural environment. Words may mean anther in different
cultures.
D. MECHANICAL BARRIERS – those are raised by the channels employed
for interpersonal, group, or mass communication. These includes
cellphones, laptops, and other gadgets used in communication.

VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

 Verbal communication
It refers to the communication in which words (spoken or written) are
used to transmit information
Example:
Oral communication: face to face conversation, lectures, telephonic
conversation, speeches etc.

Written communication: letters, emails, newsletters, messages (SMS) etc.

 Non – verbal communication

It refers to the communication in both parties in which words are not
used as a means for interchanging message.
The use of other means such as symbols, actions, and expressions.
Communication takes place non-verbally through:

 Body language – e.g. gestures, postures, body movements.

 Paralanguage – e.g. pitch variation, tone, speaking speed, word stress
 Sign language – hand movement, facial expression.