SCIENCE – GRADE 10

ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE WORLD

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

The Earth’s lithosphere consists of layers - the crust and the upper mantle.
The Earth’s crust is divided into oceanic crust and continental crust. Landforms
including active volcanoes and mountain ranges are some of the geographic
features that are present in the plate boundaries. These geographic features cause
several geographic events and processes that slowly shaped the Earth’s surface.

The Philippines is blessed with different geographic features such as

mountains and volcanoes that support livelihood, agricultural interests, and
contribute to aesthetic value of the place. The presence of these different landforms
provided people with opportunities in tourism and sources of living for the people.

In this lesson, you will learn the connection between those geographic
features and some processes that occur at the plate boundaries and understand why
several features of the Earth continuously change with time.

II. LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake

epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES-Ia-j-
36.1)

Objectives:
1. Trace the location of volcanoes in the world;
2. Describe the distribution of volcanoes along plate boundaries; and
3. Relate the geographic events associated to the presence of volcanoes.

III. ACTIVITIES

3,1 ELICIT:

Let’s find out what you know about our lesson for today. Answer the questions
below.
True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is false.

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_______ 1. Mayon Volcano is the only active volcano in Bicol Region.
_______ 2. All Active volcanoes have a record of eruption of at least 20 years.
_______ 3. Volcanoes are found at the boundaries of lithospheric plates.
_______ 4. Earthquakes are usually experienced in places where there are active
volcanoes.
_______ 5. Albay is prone to earthquake because of the presence of an active
volcano.
_______ 6. Volcanoes are found at the boundaries of oceanic plate and continental
plate.
_______ 7. The formation of a volcano is a result of the movement of the crustal
plates.
_______ 8. Volcanic activity may result to geographic events like earthquake and
tsunami.
_______ 9. People living in areas with active volcanoes must always prepare for
their safety in case of unexpected volcanic activity.
_______ 10. The presence of volcanoes is a factor that causes changes in the
lithosphere.

3.2 ENGAGE:

Activity 1 – Getting to Know Me.

Do you know other volcanoes which are found in the Bicol Region?
Considering the illustration below, identify whether the volcano presented in the
illustration is ACTIVE or NOT ACTIVE. Write your answer inside the box.

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 Activity 2 – Be Aware!

Directions: Can you name other volcanoes that is found in the Philippines. List at
least 5 volcanoes that you know.

3.3 EXPLORE:

In order to have a clear understanding on the distribution of active volcanoes,

let us find out the location of active volcanoes along the tectonic plates.

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Activity 1 – Let’s Mark the Boundaries
MAP OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE WORLD
In this activity you will need:

1. Plastic used as book cover/ transparent plastic sheet

2. Marking pens.

Procedure:

1. Study the map of active volcanoes in the world that is presented below.
2. Put the transparent plastic on top of the map.
3. Use colored pens to trace the location of active volcanoes found at the map.
4. Mark and trace the location of the active volcano.

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Guide Questions:
1. How are volcanoes distributed?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Where are they located?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3.4 EXPLAIN:

The places on Earth where most of the volcanoes were formed mark the
boundaries of each lithospheric plate. Each plate is slowly moving relative to each
other, causing geologic events to happen along their boundaries. Studying plate
boundaries is important because along these boundaries, deformation of the
lithosphere is happening. These geologic events has a great impact not only on the
environment but also on us.

In the image shown below, you can see that most of the number of volcanoes
can be seen on the plate boundaries. This happens during collision of two plates.
You will learn more of this in the proceeding modules. You will notice that most of the
active volcanoes are located on the Ring of Fire. It traces boundaries between plates
like the Pacific, Philippine, Juan de Fuca, Cocos and the Nazca Plates.

USGSPlatesvolcanoes. Retrieved from

http://www.explorevolcanoes.com/Platetectonics.html

Reference: Science 10 Leaner’s Material page 12-14

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 Ring of Fire Map By USSG Retrieved from
http://www.geologyin.com/2018/01/the-ring-of-fire.html

Countries lying near the plate boundaries are prone to some geologic events
like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions caused by the continuous movement of the
plates. The Philippines, which lies on the Ring of Fire, also has experienced volcanic
eruptions from different regions and even earthquakes that cause destruction to the
lives of the people and even to its environment.

One particular danger is pyroclastic flows which are avalanches of hot rocks,
ash, and toxic gas that race down slopes at speeds as high as 450 miles an hour.

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 Similarly, volcanic mudflows called lahars can be very destructive. These fast-
flowing waves of mud and debris can race down a volcano's flanks, burying entire
towns.

Ash is another volcanic danger. Unlike the soft, fluffy bits of charred wood left
after a campfire, volcanic ash is made of sharp fragments of rocks and volcanic
glass each less than two millimetres across. The ash forms as the gasses within
rising magma expand, shattering the cooling rocks as they burst from the volcano's
mouth. It is not only dangerous to inhale as it is heavy and builds up quickly.
Volcanic ash can collapse weak structures, cause power outages, and is a challenge
to shovel away post-eruption.

Reference: Wei-Haas, Maya (2018,January 15) Volcanoes,

Explained Retrieved from
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-
disasters/volcanoes/

3.5 ELABORATE:
Activity 2 – CONNECT THE DOTS.

Directions: Read each situation below and locate the places where each situation
occurred by drawing a dot on the world map presented above. Then,
connect all the dots you have drawn.

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 Map of the Pacific Ocean Clipart Retrieved from
https://clipartart.com/categories/map-of-pacific-ocean-clipart.html

1. On June 15,1991, Mt. Pinatubo erupted, this was noted as the second most
powerful eruption. It is located in Zambales, Philippines.

2. Mount Ruapehu in New Zealand is one of the more active volcanoes in the
Ring of Fire with yearly minor eruptions, and major eruptions occurring about
every 50 years.

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 3. Mount Fuji, Japan’s tallest and most famous mountain, is an active volcano in
the Ring of Fire. Mount Fuji last erupted in 1707, but recent earthquake
activity in eastern Japan may have put the volcano in a “critical state.”

4. On April 10, 1815, Tambora produced the largest eruption known on the
planet during the past 10,000 years.

5. Mount St. Helens in the U.S. state of Washington, is an active volcano in the
Cascade Mountains. Its historic 1980 eruption lasted 9 hours and covered
nearby areas with tons of volcanic ash.

6. The Bogoslof Island is the exposed summit of a volcano that sits in 6,000 feet
of water in the Bering Sea about 40 miles west of the Alaskan island of
Alaska, and is part of the Aleutian chain. Bogoslof lsland had a series of
eruptions for several weeks last December 2016 which spewed gases and
ashes into the sky and prompted aviation warnings.

Answer the following:

1. Based on the 2 sets of activity, name the countries that are likely to
experience volcanic activity.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Where can you find active volcanoes?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. How are active volcanoes distributed around the world?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3.6 EVALUATION:

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Where are most volcanoes on Earth found?

A. along the equator C. over the hotspot
B. on the ocean floor D. long plate boundaries

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2. The following are geologic events that can possibly be experienced in places of
active volcanoes except_________.
A. Deep and shallow earthquake
B. plate movement
C. Volcanic eruption
D. flooding

3. What plate boundary forms part of the Ring of Fire?

A. Arabian plate
B. Pacific plate
C. Scotia plate
D. Plate tectonics

4. Why is the Pacific Ring of fire dangerous?

A. Risk for subduction zone
B. Volcanic activities
C. presence of earthquake
D. all of the above

5. What is likely to happen when countries are located near the plate boundaries?
A. Earthquake
B. Volcanic activity
C. Plate movement
D. Flooding

3.7 EXTEND:

Activity 1 – WHERE ARE THE VOLCANOES?

Based on what you have learned answer the activity below.

Directions: On the map, encircle/identify the location of countries with the

most active volcanoes found around the world. Color and label the different plates
that can be found in the Pacific Ring of Fire where these active volcanoes are found.

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 Map of the Pacific Ocean Clipart Retrieved from
https://clipartart.com/categories/map-of-pacific-ocean-clipart.html

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Activity 2 – ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPIINES. Study the map of the
active volcanoes in the Philippines.

Directions: List down at least 10 active volcanoes found in the Philippines.

Active
Volcanoes in
the Philippines
1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
4. __________
5. __________
6. __________
7. __________
8. __________
9. __________
10. __________

Map of volcanoes in the Philippines and major tectonic features

(PHILVOLCS 2008)
Retrieved from
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/philippines.html

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IV. RUBRICS FOR SCORING

Activity 2 (EXPLORE) – CONNECT THE DOTS.

Activity 1 (EXTEND) - WHERE ARE THE VOLCANOES?

Criteria 5 4 3

The application of
One color was Colors were not
colors used was
used to used to
perfect for
Color represent the represent the
identification of the
location of the location of active
location of active
active volcanoes. volcanoes.
volcanoes.

The expected
The expected data The data were data were not
were all present incomplete only present and
Content following the a few instructions
instructions of the instructions was were not
activity. followed. carefully
followed.

Map was
labelled was Map label was
Map was correctly
Completeness complete but incomplete and
labelled completely.
with incorrect incorrect.
data.

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V. REFLECTION

I have learned that ______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

I wish to ask my teacher about _____________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

VI. ANSWER KEY

Elicit
1. F 6. T
2. T 7. T
3. T 8. F
4. T 9. T
5. T 10. T

Engage
Activity 1
1. Active
2. Not active

Activity 2 -
1. Mt Bulusan
2. Mt. Mayon
3. Mt. Labo
4. Mt. Malinao
5. Mt. Isarog

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 Explore
Activity 1 –
Output may vary
1. Volcanoes are scattered around the world. They are randomly
distributed.
2. At the edges of the continent, near the land and ocean

Activity 2. TRACE THE DOTS

Explain

(ANSWERS VARY)

Extend:

Activity 1 (answers vary) may be rated using the rubric for rating
Activity 2: any of the following
(Iraya, Babuyan Claro, Didicas, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Cagua, Pinatubo,
Taal, Banahaw, Iriga, Mayon, Bulusan, Biliran, Cabalian, Kanlaon, Hibok-
hibok, Musuan, Ragang, Makaturing, Leonard Kniaseff, Bud Dajo)

Evaluate:

1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A

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VII. REFERENCES

 Map of volcanoes in the Philippines and major tectonic features (PHILVOLCS

2008)
Retrieved from https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/philippines.html

 Which was the world’s biggest eruption. Volcano Discovery 2020 Retrieved
from https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/volcanoes/facts/biggest-eruption.html

 Plate tectonics and the Ring of Fire Retrieved from

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/plate-tectonics-ring-
fire/?utm_source=BibblioRCM_Row

 Fountain, Henry (2016, December 30) An Alaskan Volcano Erupts, Largely

Out of View Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/30/science/an-
alaskan-volcano-bogoslof-erupts-largely-out-of-view.html

 Map of the Pacific Ocean Clipart Retrieved from

https://clipartart.com/categories/map-of-pacific-ocean-clipart.html
Writers:

ELLYN B. MAGISTRADO- Teacher III, Zeferino Arroyo High School

SALVE JOY T. BUERE- Teacher I, Zeferino Arroyo High School

Reviewers:

MANUEL LUIS F. TEODORO- EPS Science, Masbate Province

HELEN Z. CORNELIO- EPS Science, Iriga City
MARNEL M. BULLO- Teacher III, Cataingan NHS
ELENITA P. FABELLA- Master Teacher II, Palanas North CS

Editors:

LOURDES P. CASTROVERDE, Head Teacher III, Science,

Zeferino Arroyo High School
MARISOL D. ANDRADA- Master Teacher I, Sto. Niño National High School
ALVIN C. BORROMEO – Principal II, Bantayan NHS, Tabaco City

Layout Artist:

MYLA ANN A. BERNALES- Teacher I, Rinconada National Technical

Vocational School

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