pts, 2014 edition COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAM ENGLISH TEST SECRETS STUDY GUIDE Your Key to Exam Success Strategies, Practice and Reviewrnin eu tet 24 Contents ‘PREPOSITIONS... PRONOUNS. VERBS... ‘TENSES. ‘SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT. PRONOUN AND ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT... COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS renner [SENTENCE COMPLETION enon EXERCISES. ANALOGY nes ‘Common Types of Analog ren mnmen ‘What to Do When the Stem Words Are Just Too Preaky mn ERIS DD VOCABULARY ovine Analyze: Break Words apt ene ‘Learning word roots and affixes Is an important pat of building an impressive vocabulary. th Find patterns: earn how words relate in sentences, forms, and COgMt6S awe—e—enennn BT Simplify: Make Word g£0UP8we-e-ensem enn Connect to knowledge: Connect new vocabulary to Your own experlenceS enum nnm Find alternatives I: Use ALIVE System for tough words... Find alternatives : Consider secondary meanings Of Wor een IB ‘Think logically: Practice drawing inferences about meaning from sentences renew een BB ‘Check: Test yourself continually as you speak and writ. Vocabulary Lesson 1: Get to the Point. Vocabulary Lesson 2: Think Helore You judge. ‘Vocabulary Lesson 3: Let's Talk AbOUt tne ‘Vocabulary Lesson 4: "Good, Thanks". Vocabulary Lesson 5: Changes. ‘Vocabulary Lesson 6: One Boring World. Vocabulary Lesson 7: The Humours. Vocabulary Unit| Exercise Set. aieage ‘English 2014 09155057703 | 3998504en SENTENCE CORRECTION / IDENTIFYING ERRORS. \VERBS: WHERE THE ACTION 1S nemo Subject-Verb Agreement ener Vers Ten wnneneee ‘PRONOUNS: IN PLACE OF THE RIGHT ANSWER... Pronoun Ref] Pronoun Number MISPLACED MODIFLERS... PARALLELISM sovane IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS eee FALSE COMPARISONS: APPLES AND ORANGES cen ener quantity... RARE ERRORS. ‘THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF ERROR. HOW TO APPROACH A HARD QUESTION ons You Have t0 GUS nme EXERCISES, READING COMPREHENSION. READING COMPREHENSION STRATEGY. PASSAGE TOPICS PASSAGE STRUCTURES. STRATEGY cnn (QUESTION TYPES... ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS: FOCUSED READING... EXERCISES, English 2014 09155057703 | 3998584red hi nt | PREPOSITIONS PREPOSTION OF MME PREPORTION ise BAPE on Tae wth days and day ‘a Ronday ‘on September 30, % ‘se wth Rows of he day of dock time and wih noon, | AtS30 am. ‘night midnight, dawn, beginning, end, weekend ‘tnoon Iegious Festival /Wakaye ‘They come a Oistmas. m Use with other parts ofthe day months Years, sensonand | Inthe morning afternoon the period a tne orevenng in uy inthe year 2000, in Finished n thee hous a “Toman “upto a corain ne Wai untishe comes By "Tomean “before” o "not han" ier Teed the money By Daring TTomean nor fora period of ime ‘She ced during he For [atid ote: answers how ing? He wil stay fortes months PREPOSITIONS OF LACE FREPOSTION a Dawe on Iniatcr a vfaces an which | The lots othe Be Somethingrests, Aso for vehides | The picture hangingon the wall forpublieuse “Teavelingon the WRT ® Indieates a meeting pace or "AtMeqamaly atthe ambaven location edgeof something, | sitingat the dest postion ahowse oraddves,a | Athe intersection, at DSA and Bhceen ajoumey,avilageor= | New York street in Indicatesan endosed space, | lathe room, nthe Bo, nthe smmhcletcraredor | erwlone Streets buidng or ater large | inthe Phipps in Nueva Ea Space, country, ty.townete. | inthecar ‘Aso for vehicles for private use Alpage English 2014 09155057703 | 3998508ee IDIOMATIC PREPOSTIONS ‘UNIBTOMATIC tide bia decision) abide with rer with (2 person) srevt apologize for apologlee about owed with bored of encarned about, over, with concerned about, 0,00 ‘tert rom ‘tert than insearchof Insearch for Independent of independent rom intend tod Intend on doing interested in, by Incraste about panto do plan on doing referable to preferable than puraed at by punled on orto Brie than Sima to ‘sn thon superior to Superior han PRONOUNS Pronouns functioning as subjects or subject complements appear inthe SUBJECTIVE case, 2 object inthe [OBVECTVE case and as pasesives nthe POSSESIVE case r ‘me my We ur on else fe Fieri Fishers They them he ‘the possessive cases of pronouns never take apestrophes, Do not conuse possessive with centrations Totest forthe correct pronouns in compound constructions, you can id the ight case by temporary timinating the noun or one ofthe pronouns 3s you read ito yours =veryone laughed when Ruth sé that her brother and her had seen an ln, essed: Everyane laughed when Ruth said that hr brother and she had seen an aen Strip the words her brother and to hear the corect pronoun: she hd seen an aie, not her had sen “on and im went tothe store Revsed: john and he went tothe store John ands eliminated, the sentence would be Him wen 10 the stove. Jobn and he the subject ofthe verb went wonmopwHose WHO sured or subject and subject complement, + ean’ the man who sold me this broken ai. + who is going tothe concert tonight? English 2014 09155057703 | 3998564‘1s ioralond Review sates Kotpunen rach | 20 wom used fr subnets. You will work withthe seniors, whom you wll meet me ater. orm isthe direc object ofthe verb wil ec of the subordinate aut: you wil meet whom. +The tutor whom was asians to was very suppor, Whom isthe obec ofthe preposition 0 + "Whom dd the committe ssect? Whom is thedveat object of the verb did selec: The committe dl select whom? 038s possesne * Noone was sure whose voice that was + wmode bg this? _WHOAWHIOK/THAT (when used to begin causes) {WHO's used for people and sometimes animal) 1 Hes person who con help you + Asgnficantnumbee of caiates who ran in the recent elections are show busines personales. an refers to things: used most refer for non-essential couses (as extra information but canbe removed {tom a sentence without String the meaning ‘+The move, which saw st night had awesome specal effects + Most general eduation asses held are Palma Hal whieh s better known a AS. THAT generly refers to things, but may be used 1 ert group ods f people; wed most often for ‘essential clauses (spate fer as noun and eset inthe sentence to complete the meaning) + Please repair al windows that ae broken + _Theteamthat scores the mor points inthe game wl win the tournament VERBS ‘TENSES “The four kinds of tenses forthe pst presen, aa future are SIMPLE, PROGRESSIVE PERFECT, and PERFECT PROGRESIVE. ‘nrc ai Tale, ‘wa, PROGRESSIVE am wallng Ia walking wil walking envecr ‘have waled had walked llhave walked PERFECT PROGRESSIVE nave bsen walking had beenwalking. Iwill hve been walking SIMPLE PRESENT Present action or condition: she counts the books. They are happy. General: Humans make mistakes, + Future tine: The pane aries a 0 pm. tonight. + Userary or Timeless truth: shakespeare uses humor eetvey erae English 2014 09155057703 | 3998504ee PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ‘Ae in progress, not ished, or continued: The commit is studying that proposal Ferm: ae ing form of the ver We are going. He singing. ‘PRESENT PERFECT + Ation that began nthe past and leads up to and nudes the present: The company has athe produc since January Habitual r continued ation startedinthe past and continuing nto the present: She has nat moked a iartte fortivee years. Ferm: have or har + past partie of the ver ‘have eaten Neha nt called PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE + -etion that began in the pat contin to the preset, nd may continue to the future ‘They have been considering that purchase for tee month. Fem: have otha + past participle form of he verb Hehas been running. They have been meeting, PASTTENSE ssnarte past + Completed action We vised the museum during the summer * Completed condition twas cloudy yesterday. ‘+ Past action that took place overs perio of time: They ware having pienicinthe Sunken Garden when the rin started to pour. ‘+ Past action that wasinerupted by another action: The engne was runing whan elf the ca. Form: wns or were ing form ofthe verb She wes singe ‘We were iaughing AST PERFECT + ‘Aetion or event completed before another event inthe pas When the meeting began, she had lead let the bung. Form: had +n form ofthe verb Ne had ready reviewed the ist when pat ame in Tas. English 2014 99155057703 13998584Pao htt | 04 Sr PRrET PROGRESSIVE ‘Ongoing condtion nthe past hat has ended: The diplomat had ben planning ovis when his government was Form: hang form ofthe verb ‘Tey had been locking ‘Shea bean speaking FUTURE Tense SIMPLE FuruRe + Aation or evetsin the future: The new student co-op will open next week Form: shal or wis base form ofthe ver hn Amercan Engh wil commonly used fora persons, butin British Engh halls on ved for the st person) FUTURE PRosRESSivE + Future action hat wl ontnu for sometime: willbe expecting Your al Form: willor shall be + Ing form othe verb He wil be studying. ‘hey witb eeving. ‘Tune penrect * Actions tha willbe completed before a specie tne nthe futur: By Thursday, we wl have leaned up the whole tambayan orm: ilo salle have + past pate form ofthe verb They wil ave walked, FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE “+ Ongoing actions conditions unt a specie ime nthe future: In une, we wl hve been renting this partment of the yor Form: wl or shall: hae + been + Ing form af the vers “They will have been payin MoDaLs ‘Moras are helping vers that express ability, 2 request, oran atte, such aan intrest expectation, possy oregon. 1+ Sha shoul express to do something aavebly You should to exercise mere often. + Um, woud expres strong intent possi: "wil rturn those books t the Boar tomorrow. had the time, | would wk you. + Con, coud exes capa, pssibity, request: [ean oan you my tape af that concert you tusled harder, you could master cles. English 2014 0915507702 3998864+ Moy, might expres possibty or permission, request: might goto the shopping enter after this lass 1+ mus, ought to express obligation ar nest: "ought to writ the English paper before zo home this weekend ‘You must cal me tonight. ‘THE SUBJUNCTIVE ‘The subjunctive mood is used to expres wishes, requests or condons contrary tothe fac. ‘orm: use the hae form ofthe ver present tense ver dona change form ainda numb and person of the subject) ‘+ isimportant that you be not are) prepared forthe exam, ‘+ We asked that he dive (ot drives more slowly ‘There sony one pas tense form of ben the sjecve mood ~ were never was): were you proceed moce cautious 11 Contrary to theft uses beginning with Ii were a member ofthe anges, woul vote fr the bl * Don't use the subjective mood inf causes expressing conlons hat stor may et: Aes graduates this March, he wil leave for UK. ght away 2 contrary to theft lates exresing a wish "ish that Welington were my Soyend 3. Tat clauses following verbs such a5 ak, Iss, recommended, request and suggest | soegest thet Noel dop calls SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT 2, Angular subject must have asngula ver, ‘A plora subject must have s lr verb © Geri was playing seftbal. © We are ready forthe eam. phrases o clause that interunt the subject and ite ve das not affect the subject verb agreement ‘example: Along with, as welas, together with oecompanied by, with no, including ‘©The captain ofthe guards stands a atention, ©The cangressman, wh kidnapped a Chinese boy along with fou of his ends, sentenced with death pena. 2. Subject jones by ror nor Two.or more singular subjects by or or nor © Kenar Rafal going to win “Two or more purl subject ined by or or nor musthave 2 pura er, © The gis othe boys are gong to win Hone or more singular subjects joined oF one or more pura subjects by or nor oases English 2014 09155057703 13998564Subjects dates to the vers determines the agreement. ‘© Neither the ons nor the bears have escaped from the 200, 1 Ether the wine or Sam iegongto win 3. Subject joned by anc 'Acompound subject joined by ands general purl and must havea plural verb 0. Two lure pahages and eter were delivered Exception: the parts ofthe compound subjects are though with the on itm, then singular verbs © Bacon and eg sm favorit breakfast 4. Indefinite pronouns Singular nti pronouns take singular verbs Plural indefinite proncuns ake plural verbs. One ofthe books ming, (Sever ofthe witnesses have testified. The pronouns al any, more, ros, nane, ana some usually take a singular ver the antecedent singular anda plural vert spurl (© Alf the soup was eaten, © Alof the seat were taken. INDEFINTE PRONOUNS say — eating | ae eth af tenety | te oe | fon ae sevinne — | much | ameody | many wore bl neither ‘someone others: ba roe rotewy — [eameting [ives | RE retin + Atl singtar and must have singular ver, ‘© Wuthering Heights is famous novel by Emly Bronte + calectve nouns ‘collective tesa singular ver when the group it names acs 2. singe uit. ‘colectietales 3 plural verb when the group names at az indus with liferent point of view 9 Theaudiance applauding © Theaudieoesare dirusng + PhuraLooing nouns Noun that re plural in the form but singular In meaning agre wth singular verbs ther purl looking nouns Branches of knowledge ~ Economics, Physics, Mathematics (thers mumps, news, messes Some words sch as assets, oiies,canings savings and thanks are singular but requ plural vers (0 My savings were wiped out by the ess oir age English 2014 0915505703 | 3998584P13 Tt and Review tens atpunon Bron | 2014 Nouns such as gases, ssors, and pants ae regarded as purl ules preceded bythe phrase pl of 0 yo of lasses i msing My seisors were broken + Subject of tuys. ules or Events Words used as 2 subject of studies require singular ver, Nouns as qualities or events requre a plural er. ‘9 Mathematis isa ati sublet © He palltes affect te election camens + Adjectives used as subjects Adjective used as subject require pra verb © The poor became poorer. + Subjuntve verbs fe sussion above) + Trenumber sa number Sentence bepnning wth the umber requis a ingularvetb ‘Sentence bepnning with the number requires a plural ver. © Anumber of students ore going to lpan next semester ‘© The numberof student going to span not yet determines. + Amounts or measurements ‘Noun expressing an amount or measurements usually singular andrequlres. 2 singular verb, ‘© Theength ofthe cloths five fet Fractional expresios usually take a single ver unless theres something ese inthe sentence that determines numbers ‘0 Two-ifths ofhe fete were rotten. (0 TworFiths ofthe cake war aft PRONOUN AND ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT ‘+ Apersona pronoun must pre wth is antecedent a number, person and gender © Charegave his assignment tothe teacher + -Agreementin number Use a singular personal pronoun with two or mare singular antecedents ne by a rn. «6 Neither andy noe Eis ea finder book. Use pla personal pranoun with te or mere antecedents joined by ond. © lame ad ig have changed thet plans + Aareementin person and gender ‘Wine desing th pronoun wth two or mre singular antecedent agreement, tke care notte sftether person or gender ‘Shitin person: Mandy is studying Zoology 3 couse you ned inorder to prepare for medial chao. {Correct Mandy i studying Zoology, course she needs in order to prepae medal schock English 2014 99155057703 | 3998564rtd tet etnn e 4 + Generic masctine pronouns When gender isnot speced se the masculine pronoun, (0A student shuld tm hi stgnment on ine, Agreement with indefinite pronoun Uses purl persona pronoun when the antecedents puralindfirite pronoun 1 Faw ofthe bids had returned to thei nents, ‘Uses plural persona pronoun when the antecedents plural indefinite pronoun (6 One ofthe boyslost his test permit + Agreement with eflesve pronouns “Areflogve pronoun must gree with an antecedent that is ceased Poor Or fiends gave Lara and mys surprise pay. (Coect-out fiends gave Lara and me s surprise pay. ‘COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS 2. bad aay Bad's an adjective not an adverb. Tus, it should not be used as an adver ater 2n action verb X Maggie played bod. Qi et bod, ian ave. Thess be sd as an active er alnking rh can eves be ed Seat aero acon ib age ay Groep pape bay 200d, wall ‘Good ian adjective, not an adverb. Thus, it should not be used a an adverb after an action ver. tan, however be used as an adjective after inking ver, Maggie played good @ rast et good Wells generally an adverbs. ike bay, It canbe weed after an action ver Qresie raved wet When wells used to mean “healthy” itisan adjective. Thus, wll can lo be used after alinking verb Maggie fl well agin afer a good night sleep 3. Advice sa noun meaning “opon ‘Advise is vero meaning “to ve an opinion to" 4. fect ia ver meaning ta inftvence” {fet sully 2 noun, means "est" Occasional, effect 2 verb meaning to bring about” orto cause” 5. alde-sesitant 6 ave Ain't was orginally 2 contraction ofam not. t isnot considered standard English, Avid iti alwtng seating. naiPare English 2014 09155057703 | 39985042, 13 15. v. 38 w. 20. [Atready isused asm adjective meaning “ready” ‘Aiecady an verb meaning or boar thie” ‘Ariat, alight ‘Aight used frequently but isnot considered corset speling Aways se the two-word frm all fie. ‘A together means Together 3 group” ‘Akogether means "completely" on al anticipate denotes an tea of preparation frpect doesnot denote anes of preparation ‘S105 awkward Replace with about ‘Do not use at after where. Simply liminat "Nonstandard: Tellme where's at at present means now presently means soon ‘avealy means conten ot present ‘Rutile an adver, which means” fora while. ‘Aviles an orci anda noun usually used afer the prepoiion for because Do nt ie hecause after the reason. Nonstandard The reason he Baguio becouse he wants ost his lates ther, {Correct The reason bei Baguio that he wants to Wslthis relates here. He Bag Because he wants ovis his relatives here. ‘being as, being that, ‘Aol sing eth expressions. Use hecauseo ine instead "Nonstandard: Being st was raining so har we canceled the tp Corre Becouse twos aiing shard, we cancelles the tp. biannual, semiannual, bennil ‘annua(/emannual means ice a year Denna means every wo years borrow man to received something with thentension of returning it loan means te lend something for temporary ue ofthe borrower bring means” to carr from a dtant place toa neter one” ‘ke means “to cay rom nea place to more dant pce” burst, bust busted ‘The verb burst has the same present, pas and past partie Bust and busted are nonstandard forms English 2014 99155057703 | 3998584snags | 21, carat is2 unit of 200 mitgrams uses to measure weight artis defined a: twenty-fourth part pure god 22, cement ponder used fr construction. concrete hard construction materia 23, celbate—means unmarried” Charte~ mean "doesnot engage nit ex" 24, lizanisa member f legally constituted state, possessing certain ght and privileges and subject to correspondents duties ‘eaiden ian habitant of place tative born ina certan place 25, compiz the part comprises the whole empose the wheleis composed af the pats onsttute parts that when combined creates the whole 26. contin means repeated ‘continuous means uninterupted 27, Alsintrasted means impartial uninterested means not inerested 28. dueto (et mean “covted bY and shouldbe uted only whan the words caueed by can be Fogialysubsteute 29. emigrate means “to move rom one county oregon" Emigrants someone who isleavng the country Immigrate ~means to lve one country or region”. Immigrant someone from anther county further means "odtonal “or "ta greater degree or extent” St fewer, toss Use fewer fr tings that canbe counted, Use les fr tings that cannet be counted 52, fin the blanks {ip thes (eer to vlume) ‘out the frm 33. goneywent Sones the past partie of go should beused a averb only with helping vers, hove, had, has. Went isthe past of go ands never used with alin vers 34. eat ety “Things re healt peopl are heathy, 35. nretersto2 postion Into sugest ation English 2014 99155057703 | 3990584race ete apn | 28 36 dust When you ue fst as an aver meaning “ro more than” place right before the oily modes. 1 She ust wants one pece of candy, “Afi wants just ne piece of end 37. taymeans “to put something down” lay, ying ie id. Usual flowed bya rect abject Lemeans“orecie"He, hing ay, lan Never flowed bya rect, 28. onbehalf~ used when one means “representing” Inbehalf— used when one means “in benef of” 29, orarefersto someting spoken ‘oral refers to something heard ‘orb refers toll words 40. promiere~refers tothe opening ofthe movi or pay Dramier~ means “st cass" A ate se aie takes direct object. se never takes direct object, 42, rebut means to contradic” Refutemeaneto prove wrong” 42, Warranty sa guaranten by 2 zea he goods wil be of certain uaty I they ae below he ait, the buyer may sve fo the ference n value “Warrantes ie person with waran of rest. x v ses pices of advice erdences edence Informations 'nformation fauipments cauioment Jeweltes jewelry PREPOSTIONAL IDIOMS. ‘The us of many prepostons in English purely Komal. In any language, here ate certain conventions of xpression- ways of wing and saying things-that are not necessary detated by grammatical ues. There so Tagal reason that one prepostian s wrong and another corectin a aven expression. But when these ‘conventions ae not flowes, the rests af considered poor eltin, a bed weting. There arena les for ‘choosing the correct prepeston: you must simply larn the om namples of uidlomatic English 1 Although agree to a few of Sith’ points, Imus lsngree tothe malony. 2. Wecan df the transportation and ual model of communication by contrasting the space-based nature of ‘one wth the tne bse nature ofthe second asirage English 2014 09155057703 | 3998584rena attra apart | 2 |. These ae the major theoretical pols ntend on concentrating In hs paper. “A. Thstecher had wo interest or rexpect frie students, 2. mmumber the problem sthe two uses of the word “to. The df heres that English allows fora ‘umber of prepositions efit domatially with the verb agree, but you must know when to ure which ‘Prepotion. Forinstance, you can use the word to but only ina sentence like this She agreed tthe conton peed out inthe contac. ut, asf to make matters more confusing, you can ao use the preposition "on, asin the fllowag think we ean al agre onthe abso the acient occurred, Imnumber 1 above, anda ito make things confusing beyond racon, the correct dlamatic English sneer of these prepostens! instead, the cotect wots "with -Aitough agree with afer of Smith's points, must disagree with the maj 2-Thecereect idiomatic wording in number? wold be "We can dferentiate between.” 2. Here we would ay that intend to oneantrate ann this paper: 4.14, the preposition “Yor does wth "espect ("respect for his students), but t doesnot ft with "erest” ‘interest for his student's uridtomat¢) Unidomatle prepositions sometimes ecu in compounded phases Ihe the one inthis example. Te avo this problem, breck the compound phrase Into two parts and heck to sce that the preposition works with both. Has fis example doesnot you med to write the sentence with the corect preposition attached to each pat: “This teacherhad no interest in, nr respect fo hi students ‘The major eft for peopelearingEnlish that not only re there no spec rules for correct ios, but logieseemsto ploy tle ono partn establshng correct idiamatie ractces. tf loge played such aol, we would ‘probaly "look down words Inthe con, ater than lok up words nthe dionar/1 After al we aely hold beaks over our heads whl reading ‘o1owsn Uumiowane ecard wth secordto cording to secon with ede secede with Birt prove Sim atoning argh inane among themselves {among one another anynay snyoays ssregards sstepardsto uthorty on uthonty about ‘all oneself of itor selPage English 2014 09155057703 | 3990504a, wat for ‘blame meforit bese moreover, aude fom) ‘cannot butik fore) ‘annotheptalking fore) charged wihetfense) fan tardy compare to (analogcaVsuperfi compare with neve, selentie) tonto, with feope with orrespond to (a thing) forrespond with imesring, to wrt) esr of fist second follow nthe footstep (tee tom raduated from fnsttuton health ood fore) Identical wth Insideout side/ subject mater consier) in secordance with in complnce within regard of to Inthe meantine ‘ongoodterms take something) ofsomething) taken eae oF {a search for something) plan to go prefer anetofanother) regardless ‘esponsibetofor should English 2014 ‘tame ton me beside cannot help bt tak ‘armot hep butt ‘charged orftfense) cant hardly compare with conform in expe up with corespond with carespondto ‘esrousto fist, secondly fellow the footsteps froeof ‘gaduatedtnstiuton) eal fod, fore) dental to Inedeout de of Insceordace to Incomplance to forthe meantime Ingood terme take (something of afsomething) ‘ken cre of to reareh for something san on gine prefer (onebveranather) preter (onehinantanather) argos irogodist ‘response of, on su o| should of boing 3 wiPase 09155057703 3998584ral neers tee bt | 208 treat fo subject) treat ona subject) tek, untack tein, tack out nequalto unequal tha, for with regard to with egadlss to English 2014 (09155057703 | 3998564rsperaeenne meron | Bet ‘SENTENCE COMPLETION This of the Book Deal with Sentence if you could figure cut that heading you are wel on your way to succeeding on Sentence Completions (SC) problems. Uke the heading, SC prablems feature a sentence—often a convoluted one filled with ‘multiple tyes of punctuation (commas, semicolons, and so forth), kind oflike the sentence you are currently reading that has one oF more words mising from it. A sample SC problem would look like: ‘SC problems feature a sentenceoften a convoluted one filed with multiple types of {commas semicolons, and so forth, kind af ike the sentence you ae currently ‘eading—that has ane or more words misting fram i pauses punctuation grammar subjects Using contests the critical element with SC problems. You are not required to conjecture randomly t0 figure out what the missing word shouldbe. Instead, every sentence will contain hints and clues in the context that should steer you toward the right word to place in the missing blank. nthe sample sentence above two words immediately fllowing the blank are commas and semicolons, both forms of punctuation. These ae the main ues that should lea you tothe correct answer of choice (8), unetuation. Of course, having the entire sentence directly above the problem also helps ‘The idea of context should be familar to everyone enhancing thelr vocabulary by grabbing unfamiliar ‘words in the context of everyday reading. When you encounter a unfamillar word in context, you can ‘often determine its meaning from the way tis used in the sentence it sin. You igure out the meaning ‘ofthe word through ts context, an ths practice is very similar to the strategy used to determine what ‘word should appear inthe biank space ofthe Sentence Completion problem, Anticipating the answer will help you on SC problems. People who read the original sentence and then {0 shopping in the answer choices increase their possibilty of picking a wrong answer. The Incorrect answers ae created to catch shoppers, so don’ follow ths patter of behavir. Instead, read the ‘original sentence slowly, and try te decide what word would ft best in each bank. Figuting out a word can be dificult, but remember that every sentence will contain context clues to help you determine the right answer. the mising word doesn't come to you right away, scan the sentence and lock for words cor phrases that provide a clue. There wil always be some. Ifyou come up with a word but are 2 bit Uncertain it is the correct one, finding the context clues can help you decide whether or nat you made ‘the right chotce Determined to bring back an egg ofthe Emperor penguin, Apsley and his companions struggled ‘through ferocious lizards, low temperatures, and across dangerously unknown antarctic In order to complete their mission ‘A. appalling. terran terrtyingy-erors ceyptialy Jee bite. forces stingnaly.lreumstances sir nee English 2014 09155057703 | 3998584tel ott eta a This two-blank SC problem has. a host of contest clues, We can break down tis entire sentence and discuss the relevance ofall the words. Word or Phrase “Determined to bring back ‘an eat of the Emperor penguin” “apsley and his companions" “struggled through ferocious blizzards” *. ow temperatures" “and scross dangerously unknown Antarctic English 2014 Sgniicance ‘On rrany Sc problems) the invoductory phase ms employed tosetupa change the flow ofthe sentence. These introductory phrases start wth words like although, while and something related. However, this phrase ‘doesnot do this. The key words inthis phrase might be Determined — showing resolution —and Emperor penguin, which would lad to start ‘thinking about cold weather since penguins are associated with cold weather. 'Not much here excep forthe fact that Apsley’ a decigely British name? In terms of answering a SC question, the phrase and his companions |s completely worthless. Whether or not Apsley ated alone or with an entite troupe of clowns doesnot help you figure out the missing words. Think ofthese worthless phrases as sentence completion chat. eres bg clue that ties in well with the penguin cue from earlier. The words penguin and blizards should evoke images of very old weather. ‘The words struggled and ferocious reinforce the idea thatthe place ‘Apsley satis very harsh and cold, Given the way this sentence Is going, you should conjecture that the missing word should be something ke “extremely” or "teribly” The phrase “pleasantly low temperatures” simply would not ve with ‘everything you've read upto now. ‘Apsley hasn't gone to poach penguin eggs from 2 200. He's obviously fighting to get ena inthe Antarctic. Pleturlng Antarctica your mind, you might think the ice would fit wellinto the sentence, It would, but so, ‘would land or ground, Keep both options in mind. o1Pase 9155057703 | 3998584artnet tte brs | 204 "Now that you have potential words fr each blank, look atthe answer choices. tart with only one ‘word, and eliminate any answer choies that do not Fi the words you came up with, Start with the fest ‘blank and cross out any words that do not mean “terribly or “exremely.” appallingy. terrain terifvingly. errs cryptically. ice bingy. forees stingingly. circumstances Cholee (C) canbe eliminated, since “rypticaly low temperatures” does not make sense, andit does rt mean the same thing as what you are looking fr. Note thatthe secand word in choice (C, ee, ea ‘very good word to use for that bank. People shopping might pic choice (C) because the second word fits 50 wel, eventhough the frst word isa poor choice. you work one blank ata time and eliminate Improbable answer choies, you spare yourself this mistake For the second blank, ce works nicely but it’ already gone. The word errors does not work very well, so (8) canbe crossed out. This leaves (A, (D) and (€). The word terainis synonymous with ground, "making tthe best choice from the ones let (A) is your answer, then. You didn’t star ou thinking of the words appolinaly and tera, but you understood the context clues well enough to choose words that led you to these correct answers. The approach outlined above should be used on all SC questions, one blank or two. AS always, vocabulary ploy a factor. since itis difficult toebminate 2 word ike cryptically you are uncertain of what ft means. Even though vocabulary works asa limiting factor on SC problems, the fat remains that Sentence completion questions are very “techniquabl.” Ifyou can understand the sentence, you have a shot at getting the answer right. “This ie the best thing about S¢ problems. The worst thing i that there are usualy Fewer SC problems than anyother question type. You might see as few 2s ive, and these arrive near the backend ofthe test whore their impact on scoring lessened. ltt strange how the question type thats most solvable appears the least, while the question type that’s ile more than a “do-yourknow-the-word-o- ‘not? appears the most? Hmm, English 2014 09155057703 3998504ttt tenets | 4 EXERCISES Directions: Each sentence below contains one or two blanks, with each blank corresponding to an ‘omitted word. Find the answer choice that has the word or set or word that best fits the meaning of ‘the sentence as a whole, 4 The mayor's unpopularity was dramatially demonstrated by hs performance the cotywide straw pol ‘Acsanguine B.dismal fiery D.impoverished discouraging 2. Country Xwill never stabilize its economy iit does not Its isastrouslftationary spending practices, ‘A. exacerbate curtail strengthen D.maximize E,weaken 3. The ater pedestrian plot ofthe film was elevate by ts_ cinematography; the magnificent ponoramas of the Aca eit were photographed stunning cry and with breatvaking Det "stan Beexquiite ordinary E sparse 4. Before Mr. Gomer gets approval to bull the new shopping center he designed he requitd to submit 2 an ofc summary of his propose vet Bvliieation C stndardnaton Di consraction prospecus 5. Normally the pross secretary faiey but in todays briefing her face was quite ‘and her responses ively ‘®- peppy. morose subjugated. active noxious. expressive D.concise. perturbed .subeued. animated nalrare English 2014 99155057703 | 3998584‘eso teeteee 6.Aslight. ofthe si’ setting rate caused the building's foundation to ‘which led to the building being deemed unusable. ‘estimation. settle 8B. deviation. bulge miscaleulation. shit . permutation. stabilize Eeselaton, liquefy 7. Prison reform in Victorian England, though allthe vestiges of harsher times, ‘A-apprecable. miscellaneous B.signifcant.cruet €. dogged. basic D. laudable. benign E,wrongheaded. base was not far-reaching enough to eliminate 8. For three centuries classical mechanics was the. paradigm in physics unl developments in quantum mechanics began to call. scsumptions of classical mechanic inte question, ‘A-strongest. tangential B. supreme. superficial reigning. fundamental D. secondary, basic unchallenged. facie The poetry of George Herbertis surprising in that Ris bath and is verse humbly expresses is devotional eli in images tat are often imbued with payl wi, ‘A.relous. pedestrian B pious. comedic (Cscaar mitt dogmatic. joclar 10. Our uid informed us that far rm having a doe ature and 3 sedentary este, this pees of orangutans ae, ond, ‘Atame oats Bisavage- setled evolved. peacelal Discientfe...chaote ferocious. nero apap English 2014 09155057703 3998504ANALOGY ‘An analogy question starts off with two stom words that bear some type of relationship to ane another. ‘As You wil see, understanding the relationship between the two stem words isthe critical sil to master when handling analogy problems. FEATHER OSTRICH beak: raven scale: inard foot: chicken desert cactus tall: mammal monpr ‘There's a colon between the two stom words, but there Is also Some kind of Ink between the two Words, One ofthe answer choices—the correct one—will share this same link or analogous relationship. Hence the term, analogies ‘To geta clearer picture of whats needed on an analogy problem, ithelps to get ri of the colon and format the question in the following manner: FEATHER osraict A. beak. ‘aven Bscale aard C foot chicken Di desert actus tll ‘mammal Ifthe question were setup this way, i would be easy to see that what you need to dois write some: tex that shows the lik between the two stem words. You can have something like a FEATHER part ofan OSTRICH Creating a link between the two stem words isthe fst step of every analogy problem. If you can ereate 2 good link, then you can take that ink down into the answer choices and see which answer choices ‘hare that ink beaks part ofa raven scale ispart of a lizard foot spat of a chicken desert is part ofa cactus tall ispart of a mammal ‘A desert is NOT part ofa cactus, so choice () is nat gong to be the right answer on this problem since Itdoes not contain the same link as the two stem words (desert: cactus do share alin, i's just nat the right one for this problem). Choiees (A, (C, and (Ell seem to share the same link. This doesnot ‘mean that allfour choices are correct. Instead, we must refine our intial link and be 2 tle more precise in describing how the words feather and ostrich are connected. itl it of thinking here will ‘make the problem e257 to solve ‘Some people might say that feathers are used by birds to fy. This is somewhat true, although it could be argued thatthe wings are what enable a bird toy. In any ease, the ostrich isa fightless bird, so ‘reatinga lnk that states, “A feathers part ofan ostrich that is used to fy" would be incorrect. HlPape English 2014 09155057703 | 3990504‘rsa othr et | 4 What do the feathers do for an ostrich? Without over-thinking It, feathers cover the outside of the bird and protect tin the same way that skin protects us. You can then modify our inital linking sentence to read something ike: 23 FEATHER part of the outer covering ofan OSTRICH 2 FEATHER the part ofan OSTRICH foun along the outside of ts body | FEATHER isthe part of an OSTRICH [Allthree ofthese sentences gve a more precise definition ofthe connection between feather and ‘ostrich Use any of them above and see how they fit in with the remaining answer choles. 1A. beaks part ofthe outer covering ofa raven scales part of the outer covering ofa liard CC. foot fe part of the outer covering of chicken D. tallispart ofthe outer covering of a mammal You could try to make the case that choles (A, (C], and (are stil vale, butt should be clear that hole (8) the best answer for ths analogy problem. Seales cover the outside of lard, and feathers cover the exterior of ostriches Ifyou know both the tem words for an analogy question, then you should focus on ereating link that describes the connection between the two words. Once this is dane, you simply take that nk and ‘heck it against al the answer cholces to find the one that shares the same relationship. That is your coreect answer Creating good inks can take some practice. Quite often, you might start out with a general link and then have to madity eto be mare specific. The chart below discusses some ofthe mare common types ‘of Analogy inks that will b encountered on the entrance exam, Common Types of Analogies 1. Synonyms: Synonyms are fairy simple analogies, since the two words mean the same thing. An example would be PREVARICATE: LIE, since prevaricate Ijusta fancy word meaning “tole.” ‘Synonym analogies lke to combine one tough word witha simple one, leaving you to wonder what the relationship between the words ae, The words could be synonyms, oF 2. Antonyms: These analogies are exactly what you would expect them to be. PREVARICATION: ‘TRUTH isan example of an antonym analogy, Many synonym and antonym analogies use _2djectives asthe stem words. 3. Degree: Degree analogs combine two things tat are similar in nature but different in scale BREEZE : GALE i 2 good example ince they are bath winds, although 2 gales much stronger ‘4. Set/Subset: Fans of categories wil ike these analogies. Subset analogies often employ linking hrases such 25 “kind of” “part of” ELM : TREE is a imple example, since an elm is akind of tree, FEATHER : OSTRICH could also be considered one ofthese analogies, butf you disagree, ‘tha’ fine, too. These categories should be used if they help you come up with goed links, but doesn’t really matter whether or not each category i dstnc rom all the others ‘5. Funetion: certain things have been made with a specific purpose oF function. For instance, hat do gloves do? GLOVES : HANDS sa good example of function relationship, since gloves fre meant tobe worn onthe hands, wipane English 2014 09155057703 / 3998564ee NOTE: You might also think that GLOVES : WARM i a goodlink, but this snot as strong. Gloves can be used to keep your hands warm, but loves ean ako be worn for other purposes. Aperson wearing loves wile washing dishes is wearing gloves for protectin, not warmth, The two stem words will ‘always contain strong link. if you sam GLOVES : WARM as an answer choice, you could eliminate it 52 likely answer choice because the lnk between the two words isnot very strong, {6 Definitional: This is big catch-all category. One stem word often plays big pat in defining the other stom word. CANDLE : WAX is an example, since itis hard to describe a candle without Using the term wax. While there are some candles tht might nt be made out of wax, the ‘overwhelming majoty ae, soa link ike “a candle Is made out of wax" might be all you need to answer a problem correctly, There i the possibilty you would have to get more speci, sa you could modly this ist definition and change it to something more precise such as, “A candles made out of wax, which s then burned away.” ‘This ist could be given more categories, but the overal goals to show you some common routes you can take to create a lnk between the stem words. Look at the two analogs questions below, and come up with strong inks that describe 9 connection between the two words, See if your links {are good enough to enable you to answer both questions correct, SHEPHERD : FLOCK: ‘A. apothecary: drugs butcher: carcase ‘Physician: patients farmer scorn businessperson : employer BANEFUL : BENEFIT ‘A alpful cure tragic: end ‘oxic: poison flawless: aberration Asguised: concealment rene ‘You can describe the frst two stem words in ether functional or definitional terms Functional route: The function ofa SHEPHERD isto take care of his/her FLOCK. Defintional route: [SHEPHERD is someone who takes care of # FLOCK, Both links do a good job of describing the connection between a shepherd and a floc. Taking ether link and heading into the answer chotces, you should see tat choice (C) works better than any other. A PHYSICIAN is someone who takes care of his/her PATIENTS. Some people will bak at ths choice, malnly bbecause they do not want tobe compared with sheep. Yet the whole point of analogous relationships Isto show a shared similarity between two seemingly disialar groups. For the second analogy problem, the words baneful and benefit have opposite connotations. ‘Something thats BANEFUL has no BENEFIT, so you can use the link “has no" to check the answer choices. Choles(C) and (E are mostly synonyms, so while there Is strong lnk between the words In English 2014 09155057703 | 3998504rrsnartdettie te tp mt | ot these answer choices, they donot have the link you are ooking for. Something FLAWLESS has no ABERRATION, making (0) the correct answer. The words used inthe second problem were deliberately lt tougher than the words in the frst problem. Ifyou didn’t know what baneful meant, t would be hard to make a link between the two stem words. There willbe some tough stem words on entrance exams, so there are some strategies vou can use to approach these problems. What to Do When the Stem Words Are Just Too Freaky ‘There wil always be a strong lnk between the two stem words. This i not the case with the answer 2 soltoguy (na speech to one’s self (slo alone + log tak) (anecdote (n)a short and often humorous story Don't confuse wit antidote n) 3 remedy 1 lscursive (ad) straying from the topic (als- away + curs course) Synonyms: dlgressve,desultry alPape English 2014 09155057703 | 39985841s anand Renew Stems Katipunan Vocabulary Lesson 4: “Good, Thanks” B benefactor (n} one who support or helps another (bene- good + fact to make) Me. King isthe Benefactor who generously donated the money forthe new children’s wing inthe hospital ‘Smnonyes: philanthropist patron Antonyms: malefactor, nemesis, antagonist, adversary 1 benign (23) harmless (bene good) She was relieved to find ou that her tumor was benign. ‘Synonym: innocuous Antonyms: malignant, vruent 2B benevolent ad kind; considerate (bene- good + vole wish) ‘The benevolent Cub Scout did his good deed fr the day when he helped 2 matarist change ate ‘Synonym: gracious, altruistic, mognanimous Antonyms: malevolent, malicious, inimical, pernicious 2 benediction (nan expression of good wishes (bene- good + dctus declaration) [At the reaption, the father ofthe bide offered a benediction, wishing the couple never-ending love and happiness. ‘Syonyis: blessing, sanction Antonyms: curse, maledition, execration 1 euphemism (nthe substitution of an offense term for an offensive one (eu- good + pheme speech) ‘Agood journalist avoids the euphemisms of war, ike “ordnance” for bombs and “collateral damage” for casualties 2 eulogy (n) 2 pratsng tribute (eu- good + lgia discourse) His touching eulogy for hisfalen frien lft all the mourners weeping. Synonym: encomlum, ludation, extolment, pean Antonyms: denunciation, execration, censure 8 ingratite(v to put oneselfin good favor with another (n-in + grat to please) When starting at 8 new school, Mary sought fo ngratate herself with her classmates by being excessively ice ‘Synonyms: flatter, wheedle, toad, cole 1 beneficiary () one who receives benefits (bene- good + icto make) Synonyms: helt, reeplent, legate 1 gratuity (na small payment in aatitude (grat thank) Don’t confuse with gratultous (ad unnecessary 1B gratis a) free of charge (grat- thank) 2 gratiy(v to please (grat please) Synonyms: appease, mollfy Indulge euphoria (n) a feeling of extreme happiness (eu- good) Synonym: elation, rapture, jubilation, ecstasy ®euphonious (r sweet sounding eu good + phon sound) Synonyms: melifluous, dulcet, vical English 2014 99155057703 / 3998564richer npn ah ‘Vocabulary Lesson 5: anges 1 immutable (2) unchangeable (im-not + mut change) Emily san immutable vegetarian, No matter how hard we ty, we cannot gether to eat mest. ‘Synonyms: permanent, inveterate Antonyms: mutable, protean, vacllating, mercurial [metamorphosis (n) 3 transformation (meta- change + morph form) ‘The old house underwent a metamorphosis from a rundown shack into a beautiful cottage. Synonyms: transformation, mutation, transmogrifiation ‘rupture (vo break open (rupt- break) When the vat of smelly quid rptured, we picked up our fet to avold getting the stuf on our shoes. ‘Synonyms: burst, fsure, cleave 2 transmute (vt transform (trons- across + mut change) ary Potter was able to transmute a feather into 2 frog using a spell he learned in incantations class. Smnonyins: metamorphose, alter transmogrify ‘amorphous (a) lacking shape, changeable inform {o- without + morph shape) Rather than marching In precise formation, the batallon broke down Into an amorphous mass of charging soldiers. ‘Synonyms: shapeless, nebulous, vague, nondescript Antonyms: crystalline (mercurial a erratic, subject to wild changes in character (rom the speedy god Mercury) "Moll the most mercurial person inthe office; we can never tllfshe'l be the evil Maly or the sympathetic Maly ‘Syeonys: fickle, capricious, vacating Antonyms: immutable, stable 1 protean (ad) capable of assuming diferent forms rom the form-changing se god Proteus) He has changed is postion on issues so many times that he s considered the most protean member of Congres. Smnonyms: polymorphous, labile Antonyms: immutable, stable {8 mutate (v) to change form {mut- change) Synonyms: transform, transmogrily {fickle (a) key to change opinion unpredictably Synonyms: capricious, vallating, mercurial fluctuate x) to vary iereguary (ux flow) Synonyms: vacllate, waver [2 voctate (y to change one's mind repeatedly Synonyms: fluctuate, waver [revamp (v) to revise; to renovate (re again) Synonyms: refurbish renovate amend (yo improve, to remove the faults of Synonyms: rectly, redress, ameliorate, mitigate aaeare English 2014 09155057703 | 3986584ero eter | 04 Vocabulary Lesson 6: One Boring World hackneyed (ad) overused tite ‘This film was a hackneyed remake witha storyline thathas been done a hundred times Symonyms: tite, presale, banal Antonyms: original, novel ‘8 mundone (a) ordinary, typical (mund- world) Having worked for years behind a desk, she wanted to feave the mundane word behind for exotic adventures ‘Synonym: routine, workaday, banal Antonyms: singular, extraordinary, sublime 18 vacuous (ad lacking substance (vac. empty) His latest book is widely criticized as vacuous and unintelligent. ‘Synonyms: nane, asinine, fatuous Antonyms: profound, thoughtful deep 3 prosole (a) unimaginative, ordinary | don't understand why his oration was selected as the bes; t was so prosae that | nearly fll asleep. ‘Symonyms: mundane, pedestron Antonyms: Innovative, quot, whimsical (insipid (a) uninteresting, dll, without flavor (n- not + sapere ast) Christine ithe life of the party, but Tom is as insipid as they come; hardly anyone wants to talk with im. ‘Synonyms: bland, nondesrint, vapid Antonyms: engaging, enchanting, piquont banal (2) ordinary, trivial That show used to be my favorite but ts story ines became so banal that could no longer stand I. ‘Synonyms: hackneyed rte Antonyms: extraordinary, singular, sublime 2 pedesrion (commonplace, ordinary Synonyms: presale, bona, apd {dormant (3) native, leping (dorm sleep) Synonyms net flow {unanimous (en ful agreernent (un-one + anima mind) Synonyms concordant, concerted {bumform a) urwarying.abvaysthe same (un-one + forme form) Syonyms: homogeneous 1 equanimity (nthe quality of being even-tempered (equa: same + anima mind) ‘Synonyms: composure, imperturbabilty, aplomb magnanimous (ad) noble of hear, generous, forgiving (magno: great + anima mind) Synonyms: philanthropic, altruistic, merifol Bi ace English 2014 09155057703 | 3998564‘nao etn oc | 4 ‘Vocabulary Lesson 7: The Humours 2 sanguine (ad) cheerfully optimistic (xangus blood) ‘After cing his inal, David was sanguine about his prospects fr a good overall course grade ‘Synonyms: bith, buoyant Antonyms: morese, forlom, melancholy, sullen [2 phlegmetic 2d) sluggish bis prolonged iiess tured Julfo from a spry, happy bon vivant into a morose and phlegmatic bore. Synonyms: languorous, lethargic, somnolent, torpid Antonyms: vigorous, vibrant, hale, Spry [2 melancholy (a) sad, depressed (melon black + choler bite) ‘She has been so melancholy ever since she broke up with her boytiend; sometimes she stay in her ‘room alld, ‘Synonyms: morose, despondent,dlsconsolat, sulle Antonyms: blithe, Buoyant, sanguine 1 eholerc (a) easly angered (choler- bile + ic characterized by) ‘Gena's mom really nice but her dad is cholerc; he freaks out about the smallest things. ‘Smonyms:lrescibe, fractious, billows, splenetc 1 recalttront (a) stubbornly resistant to authority (re: back + caletare kick) Christine [sa talented volleyball player, but she’s so reealetran that our coach often keeps heron the bench ‘Syonyms: refractory, intractable Antonyms: compliant, docile, tractable, obsequlous, obelsant ‘lethargic (ed) stueesh; duly apathetic ‘ter thrae weeks of factoring polynomials, my entire lass became lethargic: we were bored to death! ‘Synonyms: languorous, plegmatic,torpid Antonyms: vigorous, vibrant, hale, Spry (2 splenetic (a) iritable, easily angered (splen- spleen) Synonyms: ilious, cholerie {2 querulous (a) sposed to complaining Synonyms: peevish, captions, carping, caving 2 dolorous ac} marked by oF expressive of sorrow or pain (dolor pain) Synonyms: lugubriows,doleful ‘animosity (ad) hostity,il-wil onimosus bold) Synonyms: malevolence, antagonism, invdiousness 1 pusfanimous (2) cowardly (pusills weak + anima spin) Synonyms: timaraus, eraven, dastardly 2lassitude (a feeling of weakness o lstlessness Synonyms: lethargy, langue, torpor, stupor foipaee English 2014 09155057703 | 3998584ctr rete rt | Vocabulary Unit | Exercise Set 1 ‘Time —8 minutes For each ofthe fllowing questions select the best answer among the choices given. 1. Jlia is amazingly ~~ for 2 five-year-old: she adepty persuaded her reluctant parents tolet her stay ‘upto watch another thirty minutes of television. astute verbose recaletrant capricious rone> 2. Me recited the President's speech back to me ——-; twas almost asthe had writen it himselt. 'A. loquaciously 8. sipialy verbatim ©. curly E difidentty ‘Those not used to Larry's ‘A. monosyllabic. incisive 8 c . E speaking style found him tobe ~~ and didnot ike him at fst. surly .. congenial Ibeonie brusque ‘ereumlocutory. rect s2rrtous.. phlegmatic 4. During his frst year at boarding school, Ricardo underwent ~—- froma shy and reserved young boy toa garrulous and extroverted teenager. ‘schism ‘an adjudication ‘benediction asolloquy ‘ametamarphosis S.Janice iso —-that she —— over even the simplest decision. ‘A. shrewd ..perlures 8 magnanimous... denlgrates . pusilanimous.. admonishes . surreptitious. purges E ficle..vacilates about the near future at work. 6. Despite having always been ——- at heart, Paula found herself ‘A. pessimistic .sanguine B. lethargic. placid morose. . queruious 1. prudent. verbose E, suecinet, terse English 2014 09155057703 | 39985647. Kemal was the ——~ of his fathers generosity while at the supermarket, because he got to eat an ice cream trenton the way home, ‘A. beneficiary B. benefactor C. benediction . patron E. sanction '8. Because we are short on time, would be appreclated; we need to leave in fve minutes to catch ‘the last bus of the night ‘A. crcumiocution B, allegation © pontifcation . & brevity lasstude {9. The audience found the presentation to be —- and vacuous; twas unimaginative and lacking substance, ‘A. dormant 8 unanimous © amorphous D. dolorous Eros 410. The play was a blend of the mirtful and the —~; many tenes were ~~, while others made me cerylike a baby. ‘A. melancholy. hilarious 1B. reprehensible. wistful somber, bitter 1. humorous. .jocular despicable. whimslel aprase English 2014 09155057703 | 3998584