GROUP 3

ALBERT PANERIO
ERNESTO RUTA JR.
NEIL NENERIA
JOSHUA RIZON
KEVIN NUEZ
LAYMARK MEDELLA
DEAV PINO
CLINT REAMBONANZA
PZ MERANO
ARTHUR LEQUIN
What is Hurricane?

 A tropical cyclone is a rotating low-pressure weather system that has

organized thunderstorms but no fronts (a boundary separating two air
masses of different densities). Tropical cyclones with maximum
sustained surface winds of less than 39 miles per hour (mph) are called
tropical depressions. Those with maximum sustained winds of 39 mph or
higher are called tropical storms.
 When a storm's maximum sustained winds reach 74 mph, it is called a
hurricane. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is a 1 to 5 rating, or
category, based on a hurricane's maximum sustained winds. The higher
the category, the greater the hurricane's potential for property
damage.
 Hurricanes originate in the Atlantic basin, which includes the Atlantic
Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico, the eastern North Pacific
Ocean, and, less frequently, the central North Pacific Ocean. A six-year
rotating list of names, updated and maintained by the World
Meteorological Organization, is used to identify these storms.
 "Hurricane Season" begins on June 1 and ends on November 30,
although hurricanes can, and have, occurred outside of this time
frame. NOAA's National Hurricane Center predicts and tracks these
massive storm systems, which occur, on average, 12 times a year in the
Atlantic basin.
 As a world leader in hurricane research, NOAA strives to understand the
mechanics of these complex storms in order to protect people,
property, commerce, and natural resources.
 Hurricanes are the most violent storms on Earth. They form near the
equator over warm ocean waters. Actually, the term hurricane is used
only for the large storms that form over the Atlantic Ocean or eastern
Pacific Ocean.
 The generic, scientific term for these storms, wherever they occur, is
tropical cyclone. Other names they are given, depending on where in
the world they are born, are typhoons, cyclones, severe tropical
cyclones, or severe cyclonic storms. Whatever they are called, the
same forces and conditions are at work in forming these giant storms,
any of which can cause damage or devastation when they hit land
where people live.
Hurricane Map
 Tropical cyclones are like engines that require warm, moist air as fuel.
So the first ingredient needed for a tropical cyclone is warm ocean
water. That is why tropical cyclones form only in tropical regions where
the ocean is at least 80 degrees F for at least the top 50 meters (about
165 feet) below the surface.
 The second ingredient for a tropical cyclone is wind. In the case of
hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean, the wind blowing
westward across the Atlantic from Africa provides the necessary
ingredient. As the wind passes over the ocean's surface, water
evaporates (turns into water vapor) and rises. As it rises, the water
vapor cools, and condenses back into large water droplets, forming
large cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds are just the beginning.
 Meteorologists have divided the development of a tropical cyclone into four stages:
Tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, and full-fledged tropical
cyclone.
 Tropical disturbance
hen the water vapor from the warm ocean condenses to form clouds, it releases its
heat to the air. The warmed air rises and is pulled into the column of clouds.
Evaporation and condensation continue, building the cloud columns higher and
larger. A pattern develops, with the wind circulating around a center (like water
going down a drain). As the moving column of air encounters more clouds, it
becomes a cluster of thunderstorm clouds, called a tropical disturbance.
 Tropical depression
As the thunderstorm grows higher and larger, the air at the top of the cloud column
is cooling and becoming unstable. As the heat energy is released from the cooling
water vapor, the air at the top of the clouds becomes warmer, making the air
pressure higher and causing winds to move outward away from the high pressure
area. This movement and warming causes pressures at the surface to drop. Then air
at the surface moves toward the lower pressure area, rises, and creates more
thunderstorms. Winds in the storm cloud column spin faster and faster, whipping
around in a circular motion. When the winds reach between 25 and 38 mph, the
storm is called a tropical depression.
Tropical storm
When the wind speeds reach 39 mph, the tropical depression becomes a
tropical storm. This is also when the storm gets a name. The winds blow faster
and begin twisting and turning around the eye, or calm center, of the storm.
Wind direction is counterclockwise (west to east) in the northern hemisphere
and clockwise (east to west) in the southern hemisphere. This phenomenon is
known as the Coriolis effect.
Hurricane
When the wind speeds reach 74 mph, the storm is officially a hurricane. The
storm is at least 50,000 feet high and around 125 miles across. The eye is
around 5 to 30 miles wide. The trade winds (which blow from east to west)
push the hurricane toward the west—toward the Caribbean, the Gulf of
Mexico, or the southeastern coast of the U.S. The winds and the low air
pressure also cause a huge mound of ocean water to pile up near the eye of
the hurricane, which can cause monster storm surges when all this water
reaches land.
How do hurricanes form?
Hurricanes form over the warm ocean water of the tropics. When warm moist
air over the water rises, it is replaced by cooler air. The cooler air will then
warm and start to rise. This cycle causes huge storm clouds to form. These
storm clouds will begin to rotate with the spin of the Earth forming an
organized system. If there is enough warm water, the cycle will continue and
the storm clouds and wind speeds will grow causing a hurricane to form.
Different Names for Hurricanes The scientific name for a hurricane is a tropical
cyclone. Tropical cyclones go by different names in different places. In North
America and the Caribbean they are called "hurricanes", in the Indian Ocean
they are called "cyclones", and in Southeast Asia they are called "typhoons."
How do hurricanes form?
Hurricanes form over the warm ocean water of the tropics. When warm moist
air over the water rises, it is replaced by cooler air. The cooler air will then
warm and start to rise. This cycle causes huge storm clouds to form. These
storm clouds will begin to rotate with the spin of the Earth forming an
organized system. If there is enough warm water, the cycle will continue and
the storm clouds and wind speeds will grow causing a hurricane to form.
Why are hurricanes dangerous?
When hurricanes strike land they can cause huge amounts of damage. Most
of the damage is caused by flooding and storm surge. Storm surge is when
the ocean level rises at the coastline due to the power of the storm.
Hurricanes also cause damage with high speed winds that can blow down
trees and damage homes. Many hurricanes can develop several small
tornados as well.
Parts of the hurricane
Eye - At the center of the hurricane is the eye. The eye is an area of very low air
pressure. There are generally no clouds in the eye and the wind is calm. Don't let
this fool you, however, the most dangerous part of the storm is at the edge of the
eye called the eye wall.
Eye wall - Around the outside of the eye is a wall made up of very heavy clouds.
This is the most dangerous part of the hurricane and where the highest speed
winds are. The winds at the eye wall can reach speeds of 155 miles per hour.
Rainbands - Hurricanes have large spirally bands of rain called rainbands. These
bands can drop huge amounts of rainfall causing flooding when the hurricane hits
land.
Diameter - Hurricanes can become huge storms. The diameter of the hurricane is
measured from one side to the other. Hurricanes can span a diameter of over 600
miles.
Height - The storm clouds that power hurricanes can become very tall. A powerful
hurricane can reach nine miles into the atmosphere.
That’s All Thank You!