PERTUSSIS DIPHTHERIA

CA: CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE

WHOOPING COUGH
IP: 1-5 DAYS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
A. Infectious – needs a break in the skin before it can MOT: DIRECT CONTACT AND SOILED ARTICLES (FOMITES)
enter the body
B. Contagious – easily transmitted via airborne or droplet TYPES:
Chain of Infection 1. NASAL – WHITE MEMBRANSE ON THE NASAL SEPTUM
S – usceptible 2. NASOPHARYNGEAL – BULLS NECK (MOST DANGEROUS)
H - ost 3. CUTANEOUS – YELLOW SPOTS IN THE SKIN
A - gent
R - eservoir
E - xit PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN: PSEUDOMEMBRANES
M – ode of transmission
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
E – ntry
- PENICILLIN
- DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXINS
1. PERTUSSIS
- ICE COLLAR APPLIED TO THE NECK
Aka – WHOOPING COUGH - OXYGEN INHALATION
I.P – 7 – 14 days - BED REST – TO ENHANCE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
C.A. – Bordetella pertussis - ***TRACHEOSTOMY SET AT THE BEDSIDE****
MOT – droplet and direct contact
Manifestations: NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1. Catarrhal stage
- Stage of increased communicability  ABSOLUTE BED REST FOR 2 WEEKS
 AVOID VALSALVA MANEUVER
- Flu-like symptoms
 SOFT DIET
2. Paroxysmal stage
 SEMI-FOWLERS POSITION
- Paroxysms of cough (pathog)
 VIT.C
3. Convalescent stage
- Recovery and healing

Isolation - communicable

Reverse – immunosuppress
 MEASLES GERMAN MEASLES
AKA: RUBEOLA/MORBILLI KNOWN: RUBELLA / 3 DAYS MESLES

CA: RUBEOLA VIRUS CA: RUBELLA VIRUS

MOT: AIRBORN (>3FT, DISPOSED IN AIR) AND DROPLET (<3FT) IP: 14 TO 21 DAYS

PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN: KOPLIKS SPOTS – INFLAMMATORY MOT: AIRBORNE, DROPLET, TRANSPLACENTAL

LESSIONS IN THE INNER CHEEK OR BUCCAL MUCOSA
***DANGEROUS DURING THE 1ST TRIMESTER BUT SAFE ON 2ND AND
GERMAN MEASLES: FORSCHEIMERS SIGN 3RD TRIMESTER***

S/SX: ***CAN CAUSE FETAL DEFECT***

PRE ERUPTIVE – CATARRHAL STAGE (3 C’S COUGH, CORYZA, *** ONCE IN A LIFETIME****
CONJUNCTIVITIS), PHOTOPHOBIA (EXTREME SENSITIVITY TO LIGHTS)
PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN: FORSCHEIMERS SPOTS (PINKISH RASH ON
ERUPTIVE – MACULOPAPULAR RASH, INTERMITTENT FEVER (ON AND THE SOFT PALATE)
OFF FEVER)
S/SX:
CONVALESCENT STAGE – SUBSIDE, RECOVER, HEALING
PRODROMAL: LOW GRADE FEVER, MILD CORYZA,
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: LYMPHADENOPATHY (EXISTING INFECTION)

- ANTIVIRALS – ISOPRENOSINE ERUPTIVE: FORSCHEIMERS SPOT, TESTICULAR PAIN, POLYARTHALGIA

- ANTIBIOTICS (PENICILLIN) IF WITH COMPLICATIONS (PAINFUL JOINTS)
- OXYGEN
- IV FLUIDS MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:

NURSING MANAGEMENT: - SYMPTOMATIC – KUNG ANO ANG SYMPTOMS AYUN LANG

ANG GAMOT
- ISOLATION
- QUIET ROOM / DIM LIGHTS NURSING MANAGEMENT:
- TSB (TEPID SPONGE BATH) - ISOLATION
- BED BATH - DIM LIGHT
- INCREASE ORAL FLUID - MILD LIQUID BUT NOURISHING DIET (SFF: SMALL
- MMR VACCINCE AND ANTI MEASLES VACCINE FREQUENT FEEDING)
- GOOD VENTILATION
- MMR VACCINE (FOR PREVENTIVE PURPOSES)
- IMMUNE SERUM GLOBULIN IF POSITIVE EXPOSURE
 CHICKENPOX DENGUE FEVER
KNOWN: VARICELLA -BREAKBONE FEVER – SUPER PAINFUL

CA: HERPESVIRUS VARICELLAE DANDY FEVER, INFECTIOUS THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

IP: 14 TO 21 DAYS (3 WEEKS) - SEVERE ARTHALGIA AND MYALGIA

MOT: DIRECT CONTACT AND FOMITES

S/SX: DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER – SEVERE AND FATAL

MANIFESTATION OF DENGUE  BLEEDING AND HYPOVOLEMIC
- RASH (UNEXPOSED PART – TRUNK) SHOCK
- MACULE-PAPULE-VESICLE (FLUID FILLED)-PUSTULE (PUS)-
CRUST-
- CELESTIAL MAPS – SCABS/CRUST
DENGUE SHOCK SYNDOME – MOST LETHAL FORM OF DENGUE 
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: SEVERE DROP IN BP WITH PROFOUND SHOCK

- ANTIVIRALS CA: FLAVIVIRUSES/ARBO VIRUSES

- NOVERAX
- ACYCLOVIR RESERVOIR: MOSQUITO (AEDES AEGYPTI), HUMANS CAN BE
- ANTIHISTAMINES RESERVOIR
- CALAMINE LOTION MOT: MOSQUITO BITE
- AVOID SALICYLATES (CAN CAUSE BLEEDING0
- ANTIPYRETIC CHARACTERESTIC OF AEGYPTI

NURSING MANAGEMENT: - D-DAY BITING

- LOW FLYING
- RESPIRATORY ISOLATION UNTIL ALL VESICLES HAVE - STAGNANT
CRUSTED - URBAN
- DISENFECT LINENS UNDER SUNLIGHT AND BOILING
- CUT FINGERNAILS 4 OCLOCK HABIT – DESTROY BREEDING SITES
- USE MITTENS
IP: 3-14 DAYS, COMMONLY 7-10 DAYS

PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY: DAY BEFORE THE FEBRILE PERIOD 

UNTIL THE END

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES:

1. RUMPEL LEED TEST/ TORNIQUET TEST

- 6 MONTHS OR OLDER
- FEVER FOR 3 DAYS OR MORE
- NO SIGNS OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
- PRESUMPTIVE SCREENING TEST
- COUNT YOUR PETECHIAE – TO DETERMINE IF THERE IS A
RUPTURE OF MEMBRANE, SUMABOG, - BELOW THE
ANTECUBITAL FOSSA
- (+) 10 OR MORE PETECHIAE PER SQUARE INCH
2. PLATELET COUNT (DECREASED) – CONFIRMATORY TEST
(150K TO 450K N)
3. DENGUES SPOT TEST – IgG AND IgM – LOOKING FOR
ANTIBODIES VIRUS
4. DENGUE NS-1 – ANTIGEN – RAPID DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURE FOR DENGUE
S/SX: CLEAN PROGRAN BY DOH

DENGUE FEVER – C – CHEMICALLY TREATED MOSQUITO NETS - PERMETHRIN

 PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS (SUDDEN ONSET OF FEVER: HIGH L – LARVAE EATING FISH

GRADE FEVER 39 TO 49C) CHILLS,
E – ENVIRONMENT SANITATION
 FRONTAL HEADACHE, OCULAR PAIN, MYALGIA (PAIN IN
THE MUSCLES WITH SEVERE BACKACHE) ARTHALGIA A – ANTI MOSQUITO REPELLANTS (OFF LOTION)
(PAINFUL JOINTS)
 MALAISE AND ANOREXIA N – NEEM TREE ( AS LONG NA AMOY MENTHOL)
 RASHES (MACULOPAPULAR RASH/ PETECHIAL RASH)
ZOOPROPHYLAXIS - CARABAO
 ABDOMINAL PAIN / TENDERNESS – HEPATIC
ENVOLVEMENT (DAMAGE LIVER)

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

- 2ND DENGUE INFECTION

FILARIASIS
S/SX:
KNOWN: ELEPHANTIASIS
- EPISTAXIS, GUM BLEEDING, ECCHYMOSIS, HEMATEMESIS
(SUMUSUKA NG DUGO), HEMATOCHEZIA (BLEEDING IN CA: WUCHERIA BANCROFTI
THE STOOL BRIGHT RED/LOWER GI), MELENA ( DARK RED
MOT: MOSQUITO BITE (AEDES POECILLUS)
STOOL/ UPPER GI)
- *** HERMAN SIGN – PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN (SKIN S/SX:
APPEARS PURPLE WITH BLACHED AREAS)
- HEPATOMEGALY - ELEPHANTIASIS
- HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK – SEVERE BLOOD LOSS - HEADACHE
- CHILLS AND FEVER
WHO DHF GRADING SCALE - DOLOR(PAIN), TUMOR(SWELLING), RUBOR(REDNESS) IN
ARMS, LEGS AND SCROTUM
I – NO SHOCK, (+) POSITIVE TOURNIQUET TEST (BUTLIG AT LAGNAT)
- CAN CAUSE STERILITY
II – NO SHOCK, SPONTANEOUS BLEEDING (NOSE BLEEDING, GUMS
DIANOSTIC PROCEDURE:
BLEEDING), (+) POSITIVE TOURNIQUET TEST (DUGODUGO DUGO)
- CIRCULATING FILARIAL ANTIGEN – FINGER PRICK BLOOD
III – SHOCK (MABABA NG ANG BP)
METHOD
IV – PROFOUND SHOCK, UNMEASURABLE BLOOD PRESSURE ( NO
MANAGEMENT:
BLOOD PRESSURE NA AT ALL)
- HETRAZAN (DRUG OF CHOICE)
- SURGERY FOR SCROTAL ENLARGEMENT
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: - DEC FORTIFIED SALT

- ANALGESIC – NEVER USE ASPIRIN NURSING MANAGEMENT:

- BLOOD TRANSFUSION
- SLEEP UNDER MOSQUITO NET
- OXYGEN THERAPY
- USE MOSQUITO REPELLANTS
- SEDTIVES FOR SEVERE PAIN AND ANXIETY

NURSING MANAGEMENT:

- DEFERVESCENCE PERIOD (SUBSIDE FEVER)

- MOSQUITO FREE ENVIRONMENT
- INCREASE BODY RESISTANCE
- MONITOR VS
- PREVENT AND CONTROL BLEEDING
- TAWA TAWA: CELL PRODUCTION AND IT PREVENTS
PLATELET DESTRUCTION
 SCHISTOSOMIASIS TUBERCULOSIS
KNOWN: BILHAZIASIS / SNAIL FEVER
KNOWN: KOCH’S DISEASE – TOP DISEASE CONDITIONS 
CA: SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (PHILIPPINE SNAIL) COMMONLY AFFECTS THE LUNGS (TUBERCLES  NECROSIS 
CALCIFICATIONS)
MOT: INGESTION OF INFECTED WATER THROUGH SKIN PORES
CA: MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (LUNGS, KIDNEYS, SPINE,
MOST COMMON IN FARMERS BRAIN)
VECTOR: SNAIL (ONCOMELANIA QUADRASI)
CLASSIFICATIO OF TB
S/SX:
PTB MINIMAL
- SWIMMERS ITCH –
- BLOODY MUCOID STOOL - (+) SPUTUM EXAM
- ICTERIC (JAUNDICE) PRIMARY INFECT IS LIVER - NO APPARENT S/SX (ASYMPTOMATIC)
- LUNGS ARE NOT CLEAR IN X-RAY
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE: - SLIGHT LESSION WITHOUT EXCAVATION

- CERCUM OVA PRECIPITIN TEST- CONFIRMATORY PTB MODERATELY ADVANCE

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: - (+) SPUTUM EXAM

- (+) S/SX
- PRAZIQUANTEL – FOR 6 MONTHS - WITH CAVITATION LESS THAN 4CM
NURSING MANAGEMENT: - WITH HEMOPTYSIS (COUGHING OUT OF BLOOD)
- VOLUME AFFECTED DOES NOT EXTEND TO THE OTHER
- REDUCE SNAIL DENSITY – EXPOSE SNAILS TO SUNLIGHT LOBE
- REMOVE WEEDS
- PROPER IRRIGATION PTB FAR ADVANCED
- PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL - (+) SPUTUM EXAM
- PREVENT BATHING ON SNAIL INFECTED AREAS - RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
- CAVITATION OF MORE THAN 4 CM
- SEVERE HEMOPTYSIS

DIANOSTIC PROCEDURE

 SPUTUM EXAM/AFB (ACID FAST BACILLI) CONFIRMATORY

- - EARLY IN THE MORNING  3 CONSECUTIVE MORNINGS
BEFORE TOOTHBRUSH
- RINSE MOUTH WITH PLAIN WATER ONLY
- USE STERILE CONTAINER
 X-RAY – EXTENT OF LUNG INVOLVEMENT
- DETERMINES LOCATION OF INFECTION, CAVITY FORMATIO,
SCAR TISSUES AND CALCIUM DEPOSITS
 TUBERCULIN TEST – SCREENING TEST, EXPOSURE TO THE
BACTERIA
- POSITIVE – 10 TO 15 MM IN DURATION
- POSITIVE – 5MM- IMMUNO COMPROMISED

3 TECHNIQUES IN TUBERCULIN TEST

 MANTOUX TEST – ORDINARY SKIN TEST, MOST ACCURATE

- >10MM-POSITIVE
- >5MM-POSITIVE FOR IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CLIENTS
 MULTI PUNCTURE TEST/ HEAF TEST- NEEDLES ARE SOAKEN
IN PPD (PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE) FOR 3-4 HOURS,
CLIENTS IS OUNCTURED IN A CIRCULAR MOTION (6-8
PUNCTURES)
 SKIN SCRATCH TEST/ VOMER AND PIRQUET TEST/PATCH
TEST-PATIENT SKIN IS SCRATCHED AND COVERED 
GAUZE SOAKED IN PPD – 6-7 DAYS ENTIRE DURATION

S/SX:
 - LOW GRADE FEVER AKA: LYSSA / HYDROPOBIA
- CHILLS AND SWEAT ESPECIALLY AT NIGHT/ MID NIGHT
DIAPHORESIS CA: RHABDO(BULLET) VIRUS
- FATIGUE, ANOREXIA, WEIGHT LOSS S/SX:
- DRY TO PRODUCTIVE COUGH
- DYSPNEA PRODROMAL/INVASION STAGE:
- CHEST PAIN
- HEMOPTYSIS – PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN - SALVATION
- IRRITABILITY
MANAGEMENT: - PAIN IN THE BITE SITE

MDT – MULTI DRUG THERAPY EXCITEMENT STAGE

DOTS (DIRECT-OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORT COURSE) - EXCITATION AND APPREHENSION

- NUCHAL RIGIDITY, TWITCHING
CATEGORY OF TREATMENT - HYDROPHOBIA / AEROPHOBIA
CAT 1. – NEW PULMONARY SMEAR POSITIVE TERMINAL / PARALYTIC STAGE
- SMEAR NEGATIVE EXTENSIVE PARENCHYMAL DAMAGE - SPASMS
- NEW CASES OF SEVERE FORMS OF EXTRAPULMONARY TB
- 2 MONTHS HRZE – (H-ISONIAZID, R-RIFAMPICIN, Z- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
PYRAZINAMIDE, E-ETHAMBUTOL)
- 4 MONTHS HR (H-ISONIAZID, R-RIFAMPICIN) - TT – TETANUS TOXOID
- ANTI RABIES SERUM (VACCINE)
CAT 2. – RETREATMENT CASES SMEAR POSITIVE - ANTI TETANUS SERUM

- RELAPSE NURSING MANAGEMENT:

- FAILURE
- TREATMENT AFTER INTERRUPTION (TAI) - ISOLATE THE PATIENT
- 2MONTHS HRZES/ 1 HRZE - DARKENED THE ROOM
5 HRE - NO WATER ON SITE
- IVF – WRAPPED SECURELY
CAT 3. – NEW PULMONARY SMEAR NEGATIVE - VACCINATION OF ALL PETS
- COMFINE DOG ABOUT 10 TO 14 DAYS
- NEW LESS SEVERE FORMS OF EXTRAPULMONARY TB
- 2 RHZ
- 4 HR

2 WEEKS OF DRUG THERAPY IN ANY CAT. – YOU ARE ALREADY NOT

INFECTIOUS

WHICH DRUGS ARE USE FOR PREGNANT MOTHER – IRE

(ISO,RIF,ETHA)

RABIES HEPATITIS
ONSER:

ACUTE: HEPA A AND E

SYPHILIS
CHRONIC: HEPA B AND C
CA: TREPONEMA PALLIDUM

MOT: SEX (INTIMATE CONTACT)

ORO FECAL- HEPA T A,E
SOURCE: DISCHARGES, SEMEN, SURFACE LESSIONS
BLOOD BORNE- B AND C
S/SX:

PRIMARY SYPHILIS
STAGES:
- PAINLESS RAISED LESSIONS (CHANCRE)
PRE-ICTERIC STAGE (DI PA NAG YELLOW): FATIGUE, NAUSEA,
SECONDARY
VOMITING, ANOREXIA
- CONDYLOMATA LATA- PINKISH OR GRAYISH WHITE
ECTERIC STAGE (NAG YELOW NA SYA)- JAUNDICE, DARK URINE,
LESSIONS
ALCOHOLIC STOOL (GRAY COLORED)
LATENT
POST ICTERIC: RECOVERY PHASE
- ASYMPTOMATIC

LATE

- GUMMA – DEEP, SINGLE PAINLESS ASSYMETRIC LESSIONS

MEDICAL MANGEMENT:

- PENICILLIN
- TETRACYCLINE

NURSING MANAGEMENT:

- STRESS IMPORTANCE OF CONTINUING TREATMENT

- CONTACT TRACING
- UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
- KEEP THE LESSION DRY

GENITAL HERPES
CA: HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

MOT: SEX

S/SX:

- GENITAL SORES
- PAINFUL SORES
- FEVER
- MUSCULAR PAIN
- BURNING SENSATION ON URINATION

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:

- ACYCLOVIR

NURSING MANAGEMENT:

- PERSONAL HYGIENE

STD’S
GONORRHEA
CA: NEISSERIA GONORRHAE

MOT: SEX/ INTIMATE SEX

S/SX:

FEMALE: BURNING AND FREQUENT URINATION

- YELLOW VAGINAL DISCHARGE

MALE: DYSURIA WITH PUS

- RECTAL INFECTION FOR (HOMOSEXUALS)

- PROSTATITIS

MANAGEMENT:

- CEFTRIAXONE
- PENICILLIN
- INFANTS BORN TO MOTHERS WITH GONORRHEA –
ERYTHROMYCIN (CREDES PROPHYLAXIS) IT PREVENTS
OPTHALMIA NEONTORUM

NURSING MANAGEMENT:

- ALL INFORMATION MUST BE CONFIDENTIAL

- ISOLATE THE PATIENT
- SEX EDUCATION
- CONTACT TRACING

CHLAMYDIA