一 一 ー 一 一一− 一 −一一一 − 一一一 一一一−−−ロー一ー 一一一 ー一一 ロローーー一一一 −−−-一一 一一'.

ー一 ﾛ一一一一ー一一一

Sonderdruck

o"rint
INDICAETTIBETICA･52

ASummaryoftheMn航sα肌Ⅶrt伽伽t版
A
Chr
ono
loW
oft
heU
mve
rse
Acc
ord
ing
toi
lle
Sam
mit
iya
s

K
iyo
sln
Oka
no(
Fuk
uOk
a)

1 ■ ■ ■ I ■ ■ ■ , ●

PASADRKADANAM
FestschriftfiirBhikkhuPasadika

Herausgegebenvon
M
art
mStrau
be,Ro
landS
teiner
,:Jay
andra
Son
i,
MchaelHalmunaMitsUyoDemoto
∼
一 一
時錐摩詰獣蕊曇言丈殊師剥歎園
仁者営説何等是善謹入系一一法汽

蕊 h
dic
a et
Tibeiica
Ve
Marburg2009
ni
ag
 ヘ

ASummaryoftheMUll応αmv"t伽伽t版
A
Chr
ono
log
rof
the
Uni
ver
seA
cco
rdi
ngt
oth
eSa
mmi
try
as

K
iyo
shi
Oka
no(
Fuk
uok
a)

TheMqh応amva伽倣ath"("Thegreatdiscourseon[theevolutionand]thede-
v
olu
tio
n[of
thew
orld]
,"abb
r.MSK
)isat
reati
seonB
uddhi
stco
smol
ogri
nth
e
f
brm
ofa
San
skri
tkav
ya.It
aimst
osyst
emati
cally
repre
sent
theu
niqu
etr
adi
-
tionsofthecosmoloWoftheSammitMschooloflndianBuddhism・Thiswork
waswritteninthe"W
IhavestudiedtheMSKasmydissertationundertheguidanceofProfDr
MichaelHahnandProfDrBhikkhuPasadikaatMarburg.Anunrevisedpre-
p
rin
ted
edi
tio
nof
myd
iss
ert
ati
onw
asp
ubl
ish
edi
nSe
nda
iOa
pan
)in
l99
8,]
andlamnowpreparingarevisededitionwiththehelpofProfM・Hahnand
oth
ercoll
eagues
.Itwi
llbepu
blishe
dinthe
serie
slndic
aetTib
etica
.
T
heM
SKcon
sistso
f390s
tanza
sdivi
dedi
nto
sixc
hapte
rs,ea
chcon
taini
ngfb
ur
s
ecti
ons.I
tisno
tonly
ascho
lasti
cwor
kbu
tals
oahig
hlyso
phist
icate
dpoe
m.
I
tsa
utho
r,the
poetS
arvar
ak5it
a,us
edl
6di
ffe
rent
types
ofmet
res(e
sp.a
rya
in
9
5st
anz
as,
upa
jat
iin
71s
tan
zas
,va
ktr
ain
62s
tan
zas
,va
mSa
sth
ain
60s
tan
zas
,
vasantatilaka
in25stanzasa
ndaparavaktrain2
1stanzas);aryaapp
earstobe
hisfavour
itemetre
.Asfbrit
srhetoric,
theauthor
skillhllly
displaysma
ny6g-
uresofspeech・He
excelsintheuseofap
articularfigureofspee
chcalledthe
yamaka,i.e.,
therepetitio
nofgroupsofsyllab
lesindifferentme
aningsand
wor
d -s
epara
tion.
ThepoetSarvarakgitaisaBuddhistmonkwhobelongedtotheSammitWa
schoolinthebranchoftheSthavirasofmnayanaBuddhism.ThenameSarva-
rak5itaisfbundinaf
amousgrammaticalworkinSanskr
it,theDwghq"vrtti,
whichwaswritteninA.D.1172bythegrammarianSaraVadeva.Intheintro-
ductorystanzasoftheDu咽加卿rttij
Saranadevawritesthathisworkwassum-
marizedandrevisedby§fSarvaraksita・Itappearsthatthegrammarian
Sarvarakgitaandthea
uthoroftheMSKarethesameperso
n.Inaddition,Sar-
varak5itaauthoredtwootherworks,namely,theV応avadq噸一献α(acommen-
taryonSubandhu
'sprosepoemVnscIv
cIdqttn;RaghunathaTem
pleLibraryNo.
844),andtheM叩加“j反takcI(apoeticworkontheManicndalegend).Inl998,

1 K
iyosh
iOkan
o:Sqrv
qrqkP
icIsMq
h歴a"Iv
qrta加
永at航E
加sqns
krit-
Kayya
肋erdi
eKOS
mol
ogi
e
d
erS伽加
tD'q-s
chulede
sHmqy伽
a-Bud
dhiSmu
s,Toh
oku-I
ndo-T
ibett
o-Ken
kynsh
o-Ka
nko
-
k
ai,
Monog
raphSe
riesl
,Sen
dai,1
998.
324 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

Gius
eppeTucci'smanuscriptontheM叩加如伽kqwas
rediscoveredinRom
e
b
yDrFra
ncescoSf
erra;it
stexth
asbeened
ited,t
ransla
ted,and
studie
dbyDr
A
lbrechtH
anischund
ertheguid
anceofPr
ofMichae
lHahn.Th
ecomple
tetext
o
ftheMcIIl
i血ajqtak
qinthefbr
mofadipl
omatictr
anscript
ionofth
emanu-
s
cript(
ofthe
so-ca
lled"ar
row-h
eaded
''scri
pt)wi
llbep
Ublis
hedsh
ortly
byDr
H
anis
chin
McInu
scri
PtqBu
ddhi
ccI,
Vol.I
(Rom
e).
TheMS
Kisbasedon
previouscos
mologicalw
orksofthe
SammitWa
school.
A
largepart
ofthecos
mological
content(C
haps.2-6
)oftheM
SKisbas
edonan
un
knowncos
mological
workofth
eSammrtiy
asasadir
ectsour
ce.Ides
ignate
t
hisdire
ctsourc
eas"text
X."Alar
gepart
oftextX
isprese
rvedin
theTib
etan
tr
anslati
onoftheS
MIskrt応q
mskrtq-v
加銑qycI(
TohokuN
o.3897)
,writt
enbya
B
udd
his
tsc
hol
arn
ame
dDa
Sab
ala
Srr
mit
ra,
asa
ver
ylo
ngq
uot
ati
on.
Thi
squ
o-
t
atio
nisvery
importan
tfbrunder
standi
ngtheMS
K.TextX,
whichis
asyst
em-
a
tics
ummaryo
fthehis
toricalc
osmolo
arofSa
mmrtiya
s,waspr
obably
writt
en
i
nthe
fifthc
entuly
A.D.att
heearli
est,b
ecause
thiswo
rkinclu
desade
scri
p-
t
iono
fthefif
thcounc
iloftheS
ammrti
yascho
ol;thef
ifthcou
ncilwa
sheld
in
th
eeight
hcenturyafte
rthedeathof
Buddha.My
ownresearchh
asrevea
led
t
hatth
eChineset
ranslatio
nofacosm
ologica
lwork,the
Lok叩y･qj
伽p雌abh
i-
d
hqrm
qjaStm
l(Taish
oNo.164
4),als
obelo
ngstot
hetradi
tionof
theSam
mrtiy
a
sc
hool
.Thistex
twastran
slatedby
Parama
rthaint
heyear55
9A.D.Th
ecosm
o-
lo
gicald
escriptio
noftextXisb
asedonCh
apters24a
nd25ofthe
Lok叩r加叩
ti
(
T23
,21
5b-
226
a),
whi
chi
sth
eol
des
tco
smo
log
ica
lwo
rko
fth
eSa
mmr
tiy
as.
T
his
Lok
叩r噸
α"w
hic
hwa
Sor
igi
nal
lyw
rit
ten
inS
ans
kri
t(o
rPr
akr
it)
,wa
s
t
ran
sla
ted
ifi
toP
ali
int
hel
lth
orI
2th
cen
tu,
yA.
D・i
nBu
rma
orn
ort
her
nTh
ai-
l
and,
andthis
Paliver
sionisca
lledthe
Lokα加航
atti.Thec
omplet
ePalitex
tof
t
heLo
k叩α航qttiwa
stransl
atedand
publish
edbyEugene
Denisi
nl977.
In
c ons
equenceofstudiesstartedf
f o
mt h
eMSK,wehavenowrichre-
s
ourc
esatour
disposa
lfbrrese
archin
gtheco
smologoft
heSam
mrtiyas
chool:
t
heMSK,th
etextX,theL
okqprqjfiqp
tiandtheLok叩
α航atti.Byus
ingthese
m
ater
ials,wec
andisc
ernthedi
fferen
cesbetw
eentheco
smolog
iesofth
eSam-
mr
tiyas
chooland
theothe
rmnayan
aschool
s(esp.,Sa
rvasti
vadinsan
dDhar-
ma
gup
takas)o
rtheMa
hayanaV
jfiapt
imatra
taschoo
l.
TheMSKisarich,albeitcondensedwork,whichiswhyitisnoteasytoextract
fromitanoverviewofitscontent・Tounderstandthiswork,weneedadetailed
s
yno
psiso
rsumm
aryo
fitsc
onten
tsb
eside
sitsl
iter
altr
ansla
tion.
Tha
tiswh
y,
i
nthispap
er,Iprovid
easummar
yoftheMcIh応a
mVqrta鰍at
版.Iwisht
oex-
p
ressmy
sinceret
hankstoP
rofDrBh
ikkhuPas
adika,
towhomlwi
shtoded
i-
c
atet
hispape
r,fbrh
elpingm
ewit
hmyfbur
yearsof
study
atMarb
urg.

’
 A
Sum
mar
yof
the
McI
h応a
ITI
Vqr
tq"
荻at
版 325

1
The
Ori
gin
("i
d伽α
）
1
.1I
rlt
rod
uct
ioy
l(u
pod
gha
ta)
1.1.1AmaligalaverseasaprayertotheBuddha
l､1.2-4
Theauthorexpla
instheaimincom
posingthi
swo
rk.

1
.2B
udd
MsA
ppe
cIm
nce
cIs
qPr
mce
l
､2.
1-7
The
rew
asa
cit
yna
med
Kap
ila
vas
tud
eck
edw
ith
all
kin
dso
fsp
len
-
dours.
1.2.8
-13Agreatk
ingcalledS
uddhodanar
eignedover
thecountry
.
1.2.14-17HehadaqueennamedMayawhowasdivinelybeautifUlandvery
m
erc
ifU
lto
the
peo
ple
.
1.2.18-25AseriesofwonderfUleventsoccurredatthetimethattheBodhisat-
tvaenteredthewombofqueenMayaduringherpregnancyandat
hisbirth.
1.2.26EldersnamedthenewbornprinceSiddhartha.
1.2.27Agreatsage(=Asita)predictedthattheprincewouldbecomeaBud-
dha.
1.2.
28Thepr
incedi
spensed
almsfif
eelyto
theneed
y.
1.2.29Hegrewtobecomeahighlyeducated,handsomeyoungmanand
soonmarried.
1.2.30Duetohisrighteousadministration,theprinceenjoyedfame
throug
houtthew
orld.
1.2.31Thekingletwomenwaitupontheprinceinordertopreventhim
fiPom
renounc
ingthew
orld.
1.2.32
-33Allthewo
menwhoatten
dedthep
rincehadun
surpassedb
eauty.
1.2.34Aftertheprincecameacrossanoldman,asickman,andadead
man,heb
egantopra
cticech
astity,
although
hewasint
helife-s
tage
ofahouseholder.

1.3HisAttam加entofBudd加hood
1.3.1Theprince,whohadbeenencouragedbytheKingsoftheGods,left
homeasamendicant.
1.3.2Hetonsuredhimselfanddonnedyellowrobes.
1.3.3HereceivedinstructionsfromgurusbutgotnosatisfactionfiFom
them.
1.3.4Heapproachedthecapitalofsaints,i､e.,thegreatenlightenment,
anddefeatedthearmyofMara.
326 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

1.3.5Heobtainedtheambrosiaofimmortality-Nirvana.
1
.3.
6He
too
kth
eMi
ddl
eWa
yan
der
adi
cat
edd
esi
res
and
att
ain
edt
hef
ina
l
s
tag
eof
libe
rat
ion
.
1
.3.
7-1
0Aser
iesof
wond
erfil
lev
ent
soc
cur
red
imm
edi
ate
lya
fte
rhi
sen
lig
ht-
enment.

1
.3.
11H
ehe
sit
ate
dto
pre
ach
tot
hew
orl
dbe
cau
sep
eop
lee
njo
yed
bei
ngi
n
thei
rala
ya.
1.3.12BecauseoftheexhortationofBrahma,Buddhaturnedthewheelof
theLawfbrthefirsttime.
1
.3.
13-
16A
ser
ies
ofw
ond
erf
Ule
ven
tsf
bll
owe
dim
med
iat
ely
aft
ert
his
fir
st
serxnon、

1
‘3.
17T
hre
eKa
Sya
pab
rot
her
san
dth
eir
dis
cip
les
wer
eco
nve
rte
dby
Buddha.
1
.3.18
Buddh
aprea
chedt
heTru
thtok
ing
Bimbi
sara.
1.3
.19Th
etwoc
hiefd
iscip
lesSa
riputra
andMa
udgal
yay
ana
joi
ned
the
S
ali
gha
.

1
.4D
唯at
OfH
ere
tic
s
l､4.1AstheteachingsofBuddhawereheldingreatregardamongsages,
t
hea
sse
rti
ons
ofh
ere
tic
sdi
sap
pea
red
.
1. 4.2H
oweve
r,man
ycommu
nitieso
fheret
icsaro
se,like
mosqui
toesr
is-
i
ngfiF
omnow
here
,and
theybu
zzedar
ound
theB
uddhis
ts.
l､4.3 [
Thesi
sl]Som
eher
etic
sasser
tedtha
tthi
swor
ldwasc
reate
dbyt
he
MakerrSvara.
l､4.4 r
rhe
sis
2]S
ome
othe
rhere
ticsa
ssert
edtha
tthis
world
wasp
rodu
ced
b
yna
tur
ala
ndne
cessa
ryact
ionso
felem
entsa
ccord
ingto
thei
rin-
h
erent
pro
per
ties.
1.4.5 [Th
esis3
]Some
other
her
eti
csa
sse
rte
dth
att
her
eis
nei
the
rdi
sap
-
p
ear
anc
eno
rap
pea
ran
cei
nth
ewo
rld
and
all
int
his
wor
lda
rep
re-
s
ente
tern
ally
.
1.4.6 [T
hesis4]
Someoth
erher
etics
ass
ert
edt
hat
thi
swo
rld
isj
ust
ani
llu
-
s
ionand
thatnot
hinge
xists
.
1.4.7BuddharefUtedthesisloftheheretics.
1.4.8Thesis2wasalsorefUted.
1.4.9Thesis3wasalsorefilted.
1.4.10Thesis4wasalsorefilted.
1.4.11Throughthissermon,Buddhataughtthattheworldarisesand
c
eas
est
hro
ugh
the
pri
nci
ple
ofD
epe
nde
ntO
rig
ina
tio
n.
 ASummaryoftheMcIh応amvqrtα"政at版 327

2ThePeriodofRenovation

2
.1A
ppe
qmn
ceO
fth
eGo
dsL
ivi
yl9
加th
est
y
[
The
lst
ant
ara
kal
pa]
2.1.1TheabodeofgodMahabrahmgappearedfirstbythefbrceofkarma.
2.1.2MahabrahmacametobereborninhisabodeffomtheAbh5svara
heaven.

[
Fro
mth
els
tto
the
lOt
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2.1.3MahabrahmameditatedfbrlOantarakalpas.
[
The
llt
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2.1.4-60therBrahmaswereborninthesameheavenasthefbllowersof
Brahma.TheywronglyconsideredtheMahabrahmaastheCreator
andtheMahabrahmahimselfbelievedthathewastheCreator.
2
.1.
7Bi
rth
sof
the
fbl
low
ers
oft
heM
aha
bra
hma
las
ted
fbr
ana
nta
rak
alp
a.
r
The
l2t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2.1.8TheBrahmakayikagodsandtheirabodesappeareddirectlybelow
thefbllowersofBrahm且．

[
The
l3t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2.1.9TheBrahmapurohitagodsandtheirabodesappeareddirectlybelow
th
eBrahmakayika
gods.
[
The
l4t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2
.1.
10T
hePar
anirmi
tavaSav
arting
odsandt
heira
bodes
appea
reddi
rectl
y
below
theBrah
mapuroh
itagods.
There
siden
cesof
Mara(
godKa
ma)
ar
esitua
tedonth
etopof
thath
eaven
.
[
The
l5t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2.1.11TheNirmanaratigodsandtheirabodesappeareddirectlybelowthe
Pa
ranirmi
tavaSa
varting
ods.
[
The
l6t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2
.1.
12T
heTug
itagod
san
dth
eir
abo
des
app
ear
edd
ire
ctl
ybe
low
the
Nir
m3-
na
rati
god
s.
[
The
l7t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2.1.13TheYamagodsandtheirabodesappeareddirectlybelowtheTu5ita
g
ods.
328 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

2
.2T
hef
brm
cIt
ion
Oft
heE
cIr
thq
sα"
Abo
de
[
The
l8t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
2.2.1-2WindsbrokeoutfifomthebodiesoftheYamagodswhowandered
a
rou
ndt
hel
owe
rre
gio
nsi
ngr
oup
sin
ord
ert
ose
ean
dre
mem
ber
p
lacesof
thepast
,lostea
rthlywo
rld.
2.2.3Windsswelledandfbrmedawind-circle・Theyhadtheshapeofacir-
cu
larCylinderasth
ebaseofanewworl
d.
2
.2.
4-6
Ama
sso
fwate
rappe
ared
abo
vethi
swind
-circ
le・
Itha
dthes
hapeo
f
ac
ircul
arcyl
inder
,andbe
camet
hesec
ondlay
erove
rthew
ind
c
irc
le.
2.2.7Amassofearthappearedonthesurfaceofthewater・Ithadthe
shap
eofac
ircula
rcyli
nder,a
ndbec
amethe
third
layer.
2.2.8Win
dsbeganthef
brmationofla
nds,seas,and
mountainsont
hesur-
faceoftheearth.
2.2.9MountSumeruwasfbrmedbythewinds.
2.2.10Sevenconcentricmountain-rangesandseven"innerseas"were
fbrmedbythe
winds.
2.2.11TheCakravala-mountainsandtheexterioroceanwerefbrmedbythe
winds.
2.2.12Thefburcontinentswerefbrmedbythewinds.
2.2.13TheSumeru,theCakravala,andthesevenmountainrangesbecame
so
lid,andcha
ngedintoast
ateofgemst
ones.
2
.2.
14H
eav
yra
inf
all
611
eda
llo
cea
ns,
lak
es,
and
pon
dsw
ith
wat
er.

2
.3A
ppe
qrc
mce
Oft
heG
ods
Who
Liv
ed加
MoU
ntS
Ume
rU
[
Con
tin
uat
ion
oft
hel
8th
ant
ara
kal
pa]
2.3.1-6Detailso
ftheshapeofMountSumeruwerefbrm
ed.GodsoftheTr5-
yastrimSa
(theThirty
-threeGods)
andoftheFo
urGreatGods
(Maha-
rajika)wereb
ornontheSume
rumountainran
ges.
2.3.7-12
1ndra'scitySuda
rSanawasfbrmed
onthetopofMoun
tSumeru.
2.3.13FourcitiesfbrthegodsoftheFourGreatGodswerefbrmedonthe
Y
uga
mdh
ara
mou
nta
in-
ran
ge.
2
.3.
14-
20God
softh
eTrayas
trimd
aando
ftheF
ourGr
eatGo
dsl
ive
dha
ppi
ly
un
derth
eirki
ngs
anden
joyed
sen
suo
usple
asure
s.
2
.3.
21T
hel
8th
ant
ara
kal
pae
lap
sed
.
 ASummaryoftheMqh応aITIvQrtq"戒at版 329

2
.4A
ppe
cIm
nce
OfM
o7･
tcI
Is
[
The
l9t
han
d20
tha
nta
rak
alp
ain
the
per
iod
ofr
eno
vat
ion
]
2.4.1Humanbe
ings(SqttvcI)withphys
icalattributesoftheirf
brmerexis-
tenceastheAbhasvaragodshadappearedonearthfbrtwoantar
a-
k
alpa
s.
2.4.2-3Gradually
,theyhadfbrmedthehabitofeatingR
asa-savouryedib
le
esse
nceoftheearth・As
aresultofeating
,theirbodieschan
ged,and
the
ypermanen
tlylostth
eirbodilyr
adiancean
dtheabilit
ytofly
.
2.4.4Thesun,moon,andstarsappearedintheskyfbrthefirsttime.
2
.4.
5Wh
ent
hes
una
ndr
noo
nap
pea
red
int
hes
ky,
the
20t
han
tar
aka
lpa
of
t
hep
eri
odo
fre
nov
ati
onw
asc
omp
let
ed.

3
The
Sta
teo
fPe
rfe
ctH
app
ine
ssi
nth
ePe
rio
dof
Dur
ati
on
3
.1A
pPe
cIr
@In
ceO
ffb
od
[
The
lst
and
2nd
ant
ara
kal
pao
fth
epe
rio
dof
dur
ati
on]
3.1.1ThemorehumanbeingsateRasa,themoretheirbodieslostitsfair
compl
exion(vc
ImGI).Th
eyrealiz
eddivers
ityinphy
sicalapp
earance.
3.1.2Thefair,handsomehumanbeingsdespisedtheuglyhumanbeings
withdarkcomple
xion,andasaresultofthehaughti
nessofthosehu-
manbeingswhohadgoodlooks,R
asasuddenlydisappeared.
3.1.3-4Parpatakaappearedandhumanbeingsstartedtoeatit.However,
owingtothegrowinghaughtinessofhumanbeings,Parpatakaalso
disappearedinthesa
meway.
3.1.5-6Vatalataapp
eared,andpeopleateit.Buttheirgr
owinghaughtiness
resulted
initsdisappeara
nceinthesameway.
3.1.7Rice,whichwasfireefifomhuskorredgranulesandwhichgrew
wit
houtcul
tivation
,appear
ed.
3.1.8Aspeoplecontinuouslyaterice,themaleorganandfemaleorgan
appearedintheirbodies・Thedifferencebetweenmenandwomen
arosefbrthefirsttime.
3.1.9Womenwereconsideredtobedepravedmen.(Thediscrimination
againstwomenbegan.)
3.1.10Mythicalwishingtreesthatp
roduceclothes(kqlpqdugyq)appeared,
andmankinds
tartedwearingclothes.
3.1.11-12Ashumanbeingsbegantolookateachother,sexualdesiresarose,
andsomebegantohavesex.
3.1.13-14Mostotherscondemnedthesexualact,andwhentheysawacouple
havingsex,theythrewgrassandlump
sofearthatthecouple.
330 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

3
.1.
15H
uma
nbe
ing
swh
owe
rea
sha
med
oft
hei
rse
xua
lac
tsw
ent
tot
he
fbrestsfbrawhile.
3
.1.
161
nor
der
toh
ide
the
irf
ife
que
nts
exu
ala
cts
,th
eys
tar
ted
tob
uil
d
housesfbrthemselves.
3
.1.
17-
25Hum
anbei
ngswh
ohadb
egunt
odwel
linho
usesa
ndwen
tabou
t
tw
ice
dai
ly,ga
theri
ngr
ice
thath
adspr
ung
upn
atura
llyin
wil
d
fi
eld
s,b
egant
ofbll
owt
hee
xampl
eofso
mel
azy
onesa
ndbeg
ant
o
s
tor
eup
ric
efb
r d
ays
ine
xce
sso
fth
eir
nee
ds.
3.1.26Atthattime,th 鰯
WWM
WWW
;fa
ura
ti｡
ne,
aps
ed,
a
ndt
he9
tha
rri
ved
.

3
.2T
heB
e9伽
m9O
fVb
lri
ous
Mec
msO
fEc
Imi
n9L
ive
lih
ood
[
The
9th
ant
ara
kal
pa]
3
.2.
10w
ingtothegr
eedofmanyhuma
nbein
gsinstockin
gupri
ce,the
a
ttri
bute
sofri
cebeg
ant
owors
en.
Lik
ether
ice
ofthe
pre
sent
day,
it
ga
inedh
uskandre
dpowder
.When
ricew
asreape
d,itd
idnotg
row
ag
ain
.(I
tre
qui
red
cul
tiv
ati
on.
)
3
.2.
2-7
See
ingth
isres
ult,h
umanb
eings
tho
ugh
tba
ckt
oth
ehi
sto
ryo
ffb
od,
andreHectedontheirbadconduct.
3
.2.
8At
aga
the
rin
g,t
hey
dec
ide
dth
att
hey
sho
uld
def
ine
the
bou
nda
rie
s
ofricefieldsfbreachindividual.
3
.2.
9-1
1Th
eym
eas
ure
dri
cef
iel
dsa
ndg
ave
ana
rea
of4
yqj
ana
sto
eac
hwo
-
manandanareaof6yqjanastoeachman.
3
.2.
12-
13T
hei
mmo
ral
ity
ofh
uma
nbe
ing
sbr
oug
hta
bou
tth
edi
sapp
eara
nceo
f
th
emy
thi
cal
tre
esw
hic
hga
vec
lot
hes
(kc
IIp
qdu
gyc
I),
andi
nste
ad
c
otton
trees
(kα叩応α
)arose
fipomt
hosese
eds.
3
.2.
14-
17Asa
resul
tofthe
privat
eowner
shipof
ricef
ield
s,t
hec
rim
eof
ste
al-
i
ngapp
earedf
brthefi
rsttim
einthe
wor1d.
3
.2.
18S
ubs
eqU
ent
ly,
the
cri
meo
fin
fli
cti
ngi
可ul
yap
pea
red
fbr
the
fir
st
time.

3
.2.
19-
24Al
lhuma
nbein
gslam
ented
thea
ppe
aranc
eofcr
imes,
andth
eyde-
ci
dedt
hatth
eysho
uldap
poin
tan
adm
ini
strat
orofj
ustic
e(i.e
.,a
k
ing
).
3
,2.
25-
32Th
eyr
eque
stedt
hemos
tresp
ectab
leman
among
themt
oacc
eptt
he
po
siti
onof
ruler
andpr
otect
orofm
en,an
dthey
promi
sedto
off
er
hi
masix
thpor
tiono
fthei
rharv
estof
rice・
Heagr
eedan
dbeca
me
t
hef
irs
tki
ng.
 ASummalyoftheMqh応amvqrtα"戒at版 331

3
.3S
epu
mti
oIT
Oft
heC
qst
eS
[
Con
tin
uat
ion
oft
he9
tha
nta
rak
alp
a]
3.3.1-2Afterthee
nthronement,thekingmetedoutpuni
shmentsappropri-
a
tel
y.
3.3.3-12Thekingpleasedthepeoplebypreachingsermonsaboutdharma.
(Thew
ord呵面"king"isderived
fiFomthewordmfijqyqti
"hepleased
[
peop
le]
").
3.3.13-16Atthattime,undertheinfluenceofhissermons,thetenbadactions
(cIcI
jtIqk
ujb'lq-
kqr
mq"hq)
exis
tedo
nlyin
name.
3.3.17ThekingwascalledMahasammatabecauseheenjoyedthehighes-
teemofmanypeople.
3.3.18Agro
upofpersonssubordinate
tothekingwascalledK
Satriya,be-
causeth
ekingwast
herul
erofri
cefield
s(kpet
m).
3.3.19
Aboutthatti
me,inclinati
onstoward
privatepro
pertybecame
stron-
geramongordinarypeople,andsomeofthetenbadactionsmade
the
irappe
aranc
e.
3
.3.
20S
om epeopl
eblamedposses
sionsandfbrsoo
kalltheirposse
ssionsto
leadaherm
iticlifeinthe
woods.Theywer
ecalledBrahman
a.(They
laterfbrmedtheBrahmincaste.)
3.3.21TheywerealsocalledAdhyayaka,becausetheyrecitedandlearned
Vedaswhi
chtheycomposedthemselves.
3.3.22Somepeoplequitthewoodsandtookastronglikingfbraworldly,
hous
e-dwellinglife.
TheywerecalledV
"ala,becausethe
yworkedin
ricefiel
dsasift
heywereb
ulls.(T
heylate
rfbrmed
theSUdr
acaste.)
3.3.23Someotherpeopleengagedinallkindsof(v胸α)artsandcra丘sand
werecal
ledViS(
theVaiS
yacaste
).
3.3.2
4-25Someo
therpeople
executedro
bbersandw
erecalled
Candala("k
iller
ofcandas'').Theywereex
pelledfromcivilsociet
y.(Theylater
f
brm
edt
heu
nto
uCh
abl
es-
the
fif
thc
ast
e.）

3
.4A
PPe
q7･
qnc
esO
fVM
oUS
fbo
ds
[
Con
tin
uat
ion
oft
he9
tha
nta
rak
alp
a]
3.4.1Thenavourofricedeteriorated.Ricechangedintoanunappetizing
state.

3
.4.
2Va
rio
u3@
non
-pr
inc
ipa
lfb
odr
(cm
ubh
qjq
"α)
,su
cha
spu
lse
s,a
ppe
are
d
intheworld.
3.4.3Sesame,barley,andotherfbodplantsappeared,whoseseedswere
● ●

veryjulcy･
332 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

3.4.4 S
uga
rca
nea
ppe
are
d・I
tha
dne
ith
era
har
dri
ndn
orl
eav
esa
ndp
ro-
v
ide
dsw
eet
jui
cef
brm
ank
ind
.
３●
５●
４４●

C
ows
app
ear
eda
ndp
rov
ided
milk
fbrm
anki
ndvo
lunta
rily.
３
６●

M
ilk
cha
nge
din
tof
resh
butt
er,g
hee,
andc
heese
witho
utany
eff
brt
bymen.
3.4.7 A
nim
als
fbr
rid
ing
(i.
e.,
hor
ses
and
ele
pha
nts
)ap
pea
red
.Th
eya
l-
lowedthemselvestobetamedbymen.
3.4.8 Seventreas
uresappearedfbrth
ekingMa
has
amm
ata
.
3.4.9-16 D
uri
ngt
hek
ing
'sr
eig
n,t
hew
orl
dwa
sha
ppy
and
atp
eac
e.E
ach
per
-
s
one
nio
yed
suf
fic
ien
tfb
od;
own
eda
hea
lth
y,b
eau
tif
Ulb
ody
;an
d
h
ada
vel
ylo
ngl
ife
spa
n.

4
The
Sta
teo
fHa
ppm
ess
and
Mis
ery
mth
ePe
rio
dof
Dur
ati
on
4
.1T
heB
e9i
nnm
9of
McI
kin
9Eb
rts
toS
eek
fbo
ds
[
Con
tin
uat
ion
oft
he9
tha
nta
rak
alp
a]
4
.1.
1-2
The
kin
gMa
has
amm
ata
die
d.H
iss
ucc
ess
ors
als
odi
ed,
but
the
roy
al
l
ine
age
con
tin
ued
.
4.1.3Foodbestow
edbytheearthhaddecreasedbeca
usepeoplehadlost
their
goodcond
uct.Seei
ngthiss
ituation
,mankind
begantod
igthe
earth
withth
espade.
(Agric
ultureb
yspadeo
rploug
hbegan.
)
4.1.4-5Asmengaveoxenapromisetogiveashareoftheharvest,oxen
pul
ledploughsfbr
men.
4.1.61nthesameway,animal susedfbrridingalsobegantow
orkfbrmen.
4.1.7Cowshadmilk,whichwasunwillinglydrawnbymen.
4.1.8Sugarcanebegantogrowleavesandcoveredthemselv
eswit
hleaves.
4.1.9SesameandotherfbodplantseedsbecamelessjuiCy.
4.1.10Asfbodsdeteriorated,theaveragelifespanofhumanbeingsde-
creased.
4
.1.11G
reedily,m
endidnot
givetheir
oxenashareo
ftheharve
st・Becaus
e
menbro
kethepro
misetooxe
n,oxenbeg
antoploug
hingslowly.
4
.1.12
-13Menwh
ippedox
enwhile
ploughinga
ndputstri
ngsthroug
hthenos
-
tril
softheo
xen.The
fiFigh
tofviol
encedro
vetheox
entolos
etheir
spea
kingabi
lityan
dtosl
averyun
dermen.
4.1
.14Men
tiedhorses,
elephants,ando
theranimalsthat
theyrodewith
strings,
andwhipp
edthem.Th
eseanimalsb
egantoass
umehostile
attitudestowardsmen.
4
.1.
15M
enb
oun
dco
wst
igh
tly
wit
hro
pes
whi
lem
ilk
ing
the
ver
yre
luc
tan
t
COWS．
 A
Sum
mar
yof
the
Mqh
asq
ITI
vcI
rtc
In荻
at版 333

4.1.16 The
shape
ofsug
arcanec
hangeda
ndtheca
nesbeca
mecov
eredw
ith
t
hickr
ind
;th
erefb
re,
menha
ddi
fficu
lty
inexp
res
singj
uic
efi
fomsu
-
garCane.
4.1.17 S
eed
sofse
same
andot
herfb
odp
lants
lost
the
irjui
cin
ess
.
4.1.18 T
hesti
llwor
s en
ingfb
odsitua
tionc
ausedh
umanb
odies
tob
eco
me
weaker.

4
.2T
heB
e9"
in9
0ft
heA
9eO
fKb
IIi
yu9
q
[
Con
tin
uat
ion
oft
he9
tha
nta
rak
alp
a(u
pto
the
pre
sen
tti
me)
]
4.2.1 Teac
herscorrup
tedbythet
urbidityof
thetimes(s
cImqycIkcI
"yq)in-
struct
edpeopleonthewr
ongwaysoflife.
4.2.2 Lookingfbrfbod,greedymenbeg antoengageinvarioustypesof
dirtyw
orkinfarming,
grazing,andso
on.
4.2.3 All
kindsoffb
oddeterio
ratedgre
atly.Desp
itetheir
hardeffbr
ts,the
peopl
eachievedpo
orgainsandf
bundlittlep
leasureinth
eirwork.
4.2.4 Sesame,sugarc
ane,andmilk,whichwerethere
sultsofthehardla-
bourofme
n,begantorequireha
rderlabourtoobtaint
heiressences
(rc
IscI),
thati
s,ses
ameoil
,suga
rcanej
uice,
andghe
e.
4.2.5 Asfb
odsfUrther
deteriorat
ed,theaver
agelifespa
nandphysi
calfea-
turesofmanr
espectivelybecamemuchshor
terandworse.
６７
４●
２●

Onearth,manyci
tiesandtownswerebuiltbymankind.
４●
２●

(AfterthethreepastBuddh
as,thelastageofKaliyugahadcome.)
TheBuddha宝灯amuniarrivedinthisworld.
4.2.8 UndertheguidanceoftheBuddha,thepeople'swrongwaysoflife
dis
appea
red.
4.2.9 Moralitywa
sestablishedinthew
orldasifthepresent
agewasKrta-
yuga-th
e6rstage.
4.2.10 TheBuddhainstructedpeopl
eontherightpathtofinalemancipa-
tion
,andmany
discipl
esachiev
edliber
ation.
4.2.11 TheBuddhaenteredparinirva
naafterhehadorganizedtheSangha
ande
stablish
edthecon
tinuityo
fhisteac
hings.
4.2.12 Inthesecondmonthaftertheparinirvana,6vehundredmonksas-
semb
ledinac
ouncil
(scIm9r
ti).(Th
iswasc
alledth
eFirst
Council
.)
4.,.13 Onehundredyearsafterthepari
nirvana,sevenhundredmonksas-
s
emb
led
ina
cou
nci
l.(
Thi
swa
sca
lle
dth
eSe
con
dCo
unc
il.
)
4.2.14 Fourhundre
dyearsaftertheparin
irvana,whentheBudd
histSaligha
hadbecomedividedintodifferentschools,VatsrPutrachaireda
councilandfbrmedaschool,whichcametobeknownasVatsrPutrTL
y
as.
(Th
eVa
tSr
Put
IIy
asc
hoo
lwa
ses
tab
lis
hed
int
heT
hir
dCo
unc
il･
)
334 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

4.,.15 Sevenhundredyearsaftertheparinirvana,theholySammata
chairedacouncilandfbrmedaschool,whichcametobeknownas
SammitWas.(TheSammitMschoolwasestablishedintheFourth
C
oun
cil
.)
4.2.16 Eig
hthundr
edyearsa仕
erthe
parinirva
na,Bhntia
ndBud
dhamitr
a
c
haire
dacounc
il.(T
hiswa
sth
eFift
hCounci
lbyth
eSamm
itiy
as.)
4.2.17 B
hptiand
Buddham
itradec
lared
thatt
heprese
ntantar
akalpa
isth
e
9
tha
ndt
hat
sev
enh
und
red
yea
rsr
ema
inu
nti
lth
een
dof
thi
ska
lpa
.
4.2.18 The
yde
clar
edtha
tthee
sse
nce
s(sam
),tha
tis,
ses
ameoi
l,sug
arcan
e
j
uice,g
heean
dsoon
,will
bedif
ficul
ttoob
tainhe
reaft
erint
his
world.
4.フ.19 B
yvi
rtueof
thelitt
legoo
dfbrtun
e(I)h
叩α)o
fpr
esent
human
being
s,
f
bodha
snotye
tshownagrea
terdete
riora
tion,a
ndess
ences
like
s
esa
meoil
haveno
tyetd
isappea
red.

4
.30
ccu
ITe
ylc
esO
fth
eAn
tcI
rcI
kcI
Ipc
I-c
qtq
str
･op
hes
[
Con
tin
uat
ion
oft
he9
tha
nta
rak
alp
a,a
fte
rth
epr
ese
ntt
ime
]
4.3.1Thefireofthet
hreecatastrophesoffamine(durl)
hikpcI),epidemics
(ro9cI),andweapons(jnstm)havenowsentupsmoke;thefirewill
burnf
Uriouslyatthe
endofthisan
tarakalpa.
4.3.2Theincreaseofmiserliness,malignanCy,andangerinthemindsof
allth
epeoplehasf
Uelledthef
ireoftheth
reecatastr
ophes.
4.3.3Exceedinglyheavyrains,droughts,localizeddownpours,andsoon
willincreasefamines.
4
.3.
4At
the
end
oft
his
9th
ant
ara
kal
pa,
the
cat
ast
rop
heo
ffa
min
ewi
llt
ake
theleadandthetwocatastrophesofepidemicsandweaponswill
f
bll
ow.
4.3.5Therewillbeseverefamineintheworld.Foodwillbedifficulttoob-
tain.

4.3.6Peoplewillseekfboddesperately,andtheywillplunderandkill
others.
4
.3.
7Al
lco
unt
rie
s,v
ill
age
s,a
ndf
ami
lie
swi
llp
eri
shg
rad
ual
lyd
uet
ofa
m-
lne、

4.3.80wingtotheimmoralityofmankind,therotationofseasonswillbe-
co
meirregu
larandt
hefbods
ituation
willdet
eriorate
filrthe
r.
4.3.9Badfbodwillcausetheappearanceofvariousepidemicsaccompa-
niedb
yPidacademons.
 ASummaryoftheMqh応amvqrtq加永αth" 335

4.3.10 Menwhowanttoplacateepidemicsanddemonswillofferanimal
sacr
ificesto
thedemo
ns.These
imprope
ractswi
llinvite
filrthe
rdi-
sasters.
4.3.11 A
llcoun
tries,
vil
lag
es,an
dfami
lie
swi
llper
ishgr
adu
all
ybeca
useof
e
pide
mics.
4.3.12 Se
l6shpeopl
ewho
arewi
lling
tohur
teach
other
willb
ringa
boutc
a-
t
ast
rop
hes
wit
hwe
apo
ns.
4.3.13 K
ing
sof
the
nor
the
rn,
sou
the
rn,
eas
ter
n,a
ndw
est
ern
cou
ntr
ies
wil
l
a
枕ac
keac
hothe
rinor
derto
makeo
therc
ountr
iespe
rish.
4.3.14 R
ebe
lli
onsa
mongk
ingsw
illca
usece
asele
ssris
esand
falls
ofc
oun
-
tries.
4.3.15 R
oyalfam
ilieswill
burnint
he6reoffU
ryandw
illbecons
umedbyi
t.
4.3.16 A
llcou
ntrie
s,vill
ages
,andfa
milies
willat
tack
eachot
heran
dfall
to
r
uinin
thefi
reofra
geag
ainstot
hers.
4．3．17 W
henpeopleh
appentomee
tbychance,the
ywillkil
leachother・
On
suc
hoccasions
,eventhegrassi
nhandwillsud
denlychange
into
swords.
4.3.18 I
nthe
lastp
eriod
ofthe
assai
lin
goft
hethr
eecat
astro
phes,
huma
n
b
ein
gswi
llhav
ealim
itedl
ife
spa
nof
teny
ears・
Thatp
eriod
will
las
t
seventyyears.
4.3.19 T
hec
atast
rophe
swill
cont
inu
eun
tilt
heend
ofthis
antar
akal
pa・
The
c
atas
trophe
offam
inewi
llla
st7y
ears,
7month
s,and7
days;
that
of
e
pidem
icswi
lllas
t7mon
thsa
nd7
days;
andtha
tofwea
ponsw
illl
ast
7
day
s.
4.3.20 D
uringthat
time,mostpe
oplewhoar
eengaged
inevildo
ingw
illa
c-
c
eptt
hewors
tevil
destin
iesaf
terde
ath.
4.3.21 W
henthel
astcatastr
ophescome
,aperso
nwholiv
esaniso
late
dli
fe
w
illawa
ketoafeel
ingofcom
passion
fbrthe
dyingpe
ople.
4.3.22 K
ingsofYak5as
willguardthes
urvivingm
enwhoareg
ood-n
atur
ed
de
spiteexpe
riencingthe
worstofti
mes,sot
hatmankin
dwou
ldn
ot
becomeextinct.
4.3.23 W
hen
the
sur
viv
ing
peo
ple
fee
lco
mpa
ssi
on,
the
ter
rib
ler
ema
ind
er
o
fth
e9t
han
tar
aka
lpa
wil
ldi
sap
pea
r.

4
.4H
is
tor
yO
fll
Ant
qr
qkc
ll
pqs
lj
fom
the
lo
tht
ot
he
20C
hJ
[
The
fir
sth
alf
oft
hel
Oth
ant
ara
kal
pa]
4
.4.1T
henew
lOtha
ntar
akalp
awill
come
asifi
twa
sar
esc
uer
ofm
ank
ind
,
a
ndt
hes
urv
ivo
rsw
ill
exc
han
gel
ook
sof
gre
atd
eli
ght
and
emb
rac
e
eachother.
336 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

4.4.2Whenmenbegintofbllowthepathofvirtue,planetswillalsofbllow
the
rightpath,a
ndtherotatio
nofseasonswi
llbecomeregu
lar.
4.4.3Whentheinnerstatesofthemindandtheouterstatesoftheworld
fallintoconfbrm
ityandareinharmony,theLaw(d加rmq)willrule
over
theworld,andthe
perfecthappines
sofmenwillbere
alized.
4.4.4Thelifespanofthenextgenerationofsurvivorswillreach20,000
yea
rs,andthatofthe
fbllowinggenerat
ionwillreach40,
000years.
Af
terthis,t
helifespa
nofthene
xtgenerat
ionwillre
ach80,000
years.
4.4.5Whenmankindreachesthepeakofitslifespan,alldaughterswillbe
ma
rried
atthe
ageof
500.
4
.4.
61n
those
days,
allme
nwill
have
goo
dlo
oks
,ph
ysi
cal
str
eng
th,
and
so
on、

4.4.7ThenthevillagesinJambudVTPawillbecomeclosertoeachother
andhavead
jacency
ofkukkuta
-sampatik
a.
4.4.8
Theearthwil
lsplitfbre
verydefecat
ionandlaterc
loseby
itself
4.4.9
-10Then,
allmenwi
llliveinex
tremecom
fbrtwith
outsuf
fering.
4.4.11Me
nwillhaveonlyafew
inconveniences,su
chasthefeelin
gsofheat
andcold
,hunge
r,sexual
desire,
andnat
uralagin
g.
4.4.12Then,theywille可oythelongestlifespanof80,000yearsand
f
lou
ris
h.

[
The
sec
ond
hal
fof
the
lOt
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
4
.4.
13M
enw
ill
suf
fer
mor
ald
egr
ada
tio
nan
dwi
llb
egi
nto
los
eth
eir
lif
e-
spanagaln.
4
.4.
14-
15M
ank
ind
wil
llo
set
hed
har
maa
ndb
egi
nco
mmi
tti
ngt
het
enb
ada
c-
t
ion
s・P
eop
le'
sli
fes
pan
wiU
rea
chl
Oye
ars
att
hee
nao
fth
elO
tha
nta
-
r
aka
lpa
,an
dat
err
ibl
est
ate
oft
hew
orl
dwi
lla
ris
eag
ain
.
[
Fro
mth
ell
tht
oth
e20
tha
nta
rak
alp
a,i
.e.
,th
ese
con
dha
lfo
fth
epe
rio
dof
dur
-
a
tio
n]
4
.4.
16A
swa
sth
eca
sei
nth
elO
tha
nta
rak
alp
a,m
ank
ind
wil
lha
veh
app
ine
ss
inthefirsthalfperiodandmiseryinthela仕erhalfineachofthe
f
bll
owi
ngl
Oan
tar
aka
lpa
s(f
ifo
mth
ell
tht
oth
e20
tha
nta
rak
alp
a).
4
.4.
17T
wen
tya
nta
rak
alp
aso
fth
epe
rio
dof
dur
ati
onh
ave
ela
pse
d.
 ASummaryoftheMqh応a"IVqrta加永at版 337

5ThePeriodofDestruction

5
.1T
11e
DeS
trU
Cti
onO
fth
eLi
v加9
Bei
n9s
'Wo
rld
(sa
ttv
alo
ka)
rr
hefirs
tloant
araka
lpas,i
.e.,t
hefirst
halfof
thepe
riodof
destr
uction
]
5.1.1
Whenthe6rstantarakalpab
egins,allthesurvivors
ofthelastant
a-
rakalp
awillexc
hangeloo
ksandrej
oicewit
hhearts
fUlloflo
ve.
5.1
.21nthefirs
tperiodofde
struction,th
estateofhap
pinesswillco
ntinu
e
fifomthebeginnin
gtotheendoftheantarakalpa
・Becauseallme
n
havefifien
dlyfeelings,the
outerstates
oftheworldthat
confbr
m
withthei
nnerstateofthem
indwillbeco
mevelycomfbrt
able.
5.1.3Thel
ifespanofmankindwillreach80,000yea
rs,andpeoplewille
n-
joypro
speritypro
ducedbyloveun
tilthedestr
uctionofthis
recep
-
tacl
e-wor
ldbeg
ins.
5.1.4Ev
enallthedamnedbeingsofh
ell,pretas,andanimals
producefeel-
ingsoflovea
ndbecometendero
fheart.
5.1.5
Alltheprisonersa
ndthejailersintheh
ellsundergroundwi
llregret
theirmut
ualfeelings
ofanger,andt
heywilltra
nsmigratetot
heup-
perwor
lds.
5.1.60wing
tothefeelingoflove,allpretasandani
malswillalsotrans-
migratetothehumanb
eingsortothegods.
5.1.70nthebasisoftheteachingsle仕behindbytheBuddha,theLaw
(
dhq
rmq
)wi
llr
ule
ove
rth
ewo
rld
.
5
.1.
8At
thatti
me,many
secularpr
eache
rs,ad
heren
tsofo
therr
eligi
ons,
and
theAbha
svarago
dswilla
nno
unc
ethat
every
onesh
ouldp
ract
ice
th
esecon
dtrance
(dhy伽
α).
5.1.9-101ntheseannouncementsallmenwillhearaboutthefaultsofdesire,
a
ndt
here
fbre,
theyw
illwi
shtop
racti
cethe
secon
dtran
ce.
Aft
er
d
eath
,they
willt
ransm
igrat
etoth
eXbha
svara
heave
n,whi
chi
sa
heavenofthesecondtrance.
5.1.110necanreachthesameheavenofAbhasvarabymeansofsome
ot
hert
ypeso
fmedi
tati
onsbe
sides
these
cond
tranc
e.
5
.1.
12All
human
being
swill
trans
migra
teaf
ter
dea
tht
othe
Abhas
vara.
5
.1.13
Allgo
dswho
arein
habit
antso
fthee
ight
hea
vens
situa
tedun
derth
e
Abhasvara,willabandontheirownabodesandcometoberebornin
theAbhasvara.
5
.1.
14T
hemovementoft
ransmigrationofall
livingbeingstotheh
eavenof
thesecond
trancethatbeginsat
thehellsandprogres
sesthrough
thepretas
andanimalsuptohuma
nanddivinebeings,w
illendwith
thedeathoftheMahabrahmaatthetopoftheheavensofthe6rst
338 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

tranCe・TheMahabrahmaalonecanwitnessalloccurrencesinhisto-
r
yfi
fom
the
beg
inn
ing
tot
hee
ndo
fth
isl
ivi
ngb
ein
gs'
wor
ld(
sqt
tvq
-
l
ok
cI
).
5.1.15 W
henth
is"ch
ilico
sm"no
longe
rcon
tains
livin
gbein
gs,th
efi
rst
lO
a
nta
rakal
pasof
thepe
riodo
fde
str
ucti
onwil
lpass
away.

5
.2A
ppe
qy･
α"c
eso
fth
esw
1s
[
Fro
mth
ebe
gin
nin
gof
the
llt
hto
the
fir
sth
alf
oft
hel
2th
ant
ara
kal
pa]
5
.2.
1Af
terth
edisa
ppearan
ceofl
ivingbe
ings,
nodrop
ofr
ain
wil
lfa
llf
br
on
eanda
halfa
nta
rakal
pa;so
all
plant
swil
ldi
e.
[
Fro
mth
ese
con
dha
lfo
fth
el2
tht
oth
een
dof
the
l3t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
5.2.2AttheheightoftheTrayastrimdaheaven,thesecondsun,whichis
twiceaslargeasth
efbrmer,willappe
arandburnthelowe
rregion.
Allthesmallan
dmediumriversw
illdryup.
[
Fro
mth
ebe
gin
nin
gof
the
l4t
hto
the
fir
sth
alf
oft
hel
5th
ant
ara
kal
pa]
5.2.3AttheheightoftheYamaheaven,thethirdsun,whichistwiceas
largeas
thefbrmer
,willappea
randburn
thelowerr
egion.All
great
lakes
,suchas
theAnav
atapta
,willd
Iyup.
[
Fro
mth
ese
con
dha
lfo
fth
el5
tht
oth
een
dof
the
l6t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
5.2.4AttheheightoftheTu5itaheaven,thefburthsun,whichistwiceas
largeasthefbrmer,willappearandburnthelowerregion.The
seve
ngreatr
iverswi
lldryup.
[
Fro
mth
ebe
gin
nin
gof
the
l7t
hto
the
fir
sth
alf
oft
hel
8th
ant
ara
kal
pa]
5.2.5AttheheightoftheNirmanaratiheaven,thefifthsun,whichistwice
aslargeasthefbrmer,willappearandburnthelowerregion.The
sunwi
llgradually
evaporateth
eoceans.
5.2.6Atthattime,theoceanswillgraduallybecomeshallowandreveal
theoceanfloor.
5.2.7Thefactthatoceanscanalsorundryshowsusthetruththatall
t
hing
sinth
iswor
ldar
etran
sient
(cIn
ityc
I).
5.2.8Al
lthingsarenotp
ermanent(ylq
dhruvcI).
5.2.9Al
lthingsareunr
eliable("α砥v
asikq).
5.2.10AllthingsaremomentaIy(nαα"伽αm).
5.2.
11Allthi
ngsarefi
fagile(
bhidum).
5.2.12
Allthingsa
refrail(jα卯
m)andprovid
enoreli
ef(nc
Itrp皿
).
5.2.13
Allthingsprov
idenorest(r
lcIIqyq"α)
andnore
fUge(
nα血rc
w).
 ASummaryoftheMqh応α叩Vqrtq"政at版 339

5.2.14ThesefactsshowusthatSamsarashouldberenouncedindisgust
(
vi"
irv
id-
).
5
.2.
15T
hef
act
ssh
owu
sth
atw
esh
oul
dlo
sea
lli
nte
res
t(v
iy･
cIf
ij-
)in
the
exi
s-
tenceinSamsara.

[
Fro
mth
ese
con
dha
lfo
fth
el8
tht
oth
een
dof
l9t
han
tar
aka
lpa
]
5.2.16AttheheightoftheParanirmitavadavartinheaven,thesixthsun,
whichist
wiceaslargeasthefbrmer,willappea
randburnthelower
regi
on.Theearthwil
lbegintosmoke
.
[
The
20t
han
tar
aka
lpa
int
hep
eri
odo
fde
str
uct
ion
]
5.2.17AttheheightoftheBrahmaheaven,theseventhsun,whichistwice
aslargeasthefbrmer,willappearandburnthelowerregion.The
wholeuniverseundertheheavensofthesecondtrancewillburn
Out.

5.2.18Atthattime,ineachofathousanduniverses,thesevensunswill
standinalineovereachofathousandSumerus.

5
.3T
lle
Des
ti･
uct
ion
Oft
heR
ece
ptq
cle
-Wo
rld
(bh
aja
nal
oka
)
5.3.1Thesevensunswillcrematethebodyoftheuniverse.
5.3.2Theearthwillbeconsumedbyfire.
5.3.3Theremainsoftheoceanswillburnout.
5
.3.4T
hebrigh
tburningS
umeruw
illcollaps
ecomple
tely.
5.3
.5Byt
heheatoft
hered-glo
wi n
g ea
rth,amass
ofwat
er(=j
qlq
m"q
IcI
)
und
erthe
earth
wille
vaporat
ecomp
letel
y.
5.3.6Thefirewillburnitselfoutafterithasconsumedthewholerecep-
tacle-world.
5.3.7Fromthefirsttothesixthsun,eachsuntakesthetimeofoneanda
halfan
tarakalpafbrburning,
butthelast(seventh)s
untakesonly
one
antarak
alpa.
5.3.8Allsevensunswillburnthemselvesawayandceasetoexisttogether
withtheworld.
5.3.9JustbefbrethefirereachestheabodeoftheMahabrahma,theMaha-
brahmgwilldie,andberebornintheXbh5svara.
5.3.10TheabodeoftheMahabrahmgwillbedestroyedbythefire.
5.3.11Thewho
leworldcalledSahawilld
isappearinthefire.
5.3.12A
ll20antaraka
lpasoftheper
iodofdestruc
tionwillelap
se.
340 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

5
.4A
wqk
e"m
9of
Dis
gus
tin
Sqm
sdr
q
5.4.1
Thusallthet
hingsofthi
sworldaret
ransient
(qylity
q).
5.4.2A
llthingsareno
tpermanent(c
IdhruvcI).
5.4.
3Allthin
gsareunr
eliable
(cmaivnS
ikcI).
5.4.4Allthingsaremomentaly(伽αrcI)
.
5.4.5A
llthingsar
efifagile(b
hidum).
5.4.6Allthi
ngsarefirail(v＃α巾m).
5.4.7Allthi
ngsprovidenorelief(n
qtr瓦加).
5.4.8Al
lthingsprovi
denorest(ylql
qyα"α).
5.4.9Allthingsprovidenorefilge("α血mm).
5.4.10
Therefbre,S
amsarashoul
dberenounc
edindisg
ust(nir
vid-)
.
5.4.11
Weshouldlose
allinterest(
vimij-)inth
eexiste
nceofSa
msara
.

60nVariousTopics
6
.1A
Des
cri
Pti
onO
fth
ePe
rio
dOf
Dum
tio
ylO
fth
eDe
str
uct
ion
6.1.1Aftertheabovementionedperiodofdestruction,apureemptyspace
willrem
ainintheplac
ewheretherecep
tacle-worldcea
sedtoexist.
6.1.2Duringtheperiodofdurationofthedestruction,thevacantstate
conti
nuesfbr2
0antarak
alpas.
6.1.3WemustlearntheBuddha'sexplanationsfbrthelengthoftimeofan
antarakalp
aandamahakalpaasunitso
ftimeoftheuniverse.
6.1.4-5TheBuddhapreachedthefbllowingsimile:Anantarakalpaisthe
timerequiredtotakeawayallthemustardseedsstoredinaniron
castleof2cu
bickroSasifoneseedisre
movedevelyhundredyears.
6.1.6Thelengthofamahakalpaexceedsthetimerequiredtotakeaway
allthemustardseedsheapedu
pinacastleofonecubicyqjanaifone
seedisremovede
veryhundredyears.
6.1.7Affertheperiodofdurationofthedestruction,namely,a丘ertheend
ofamahaka
lpacomprising80anta
rakalpas,theperiodof
renovation
begi
nsagai
n.
6.1.81neveryrotationofthemahakalpa,alltheeventsoftheuniverseare
repeatedin
thesameorder.

6
.2T
heW
qym
whi
cht
lle
Two
Des
伽ct
ion
sOf
the
Wor
ldM
IIO
ccu
r
6,2.1Whenthetimeofthedestructionofthereceptacle-worldbywater
c
ome
s,a
llli
ving
bein
gswi
llatt
ainre
incar
natio
ninth
ehe
ave
nof
Su-
b
hak
hil
a(=
Subh
akrt
sna)
bypr
actic
ingth
ethir
dtran
ce.
 ASummaryoftheMqh応amvqrtcmikqtha 341

6.2.2 Water,swollenbytheappearanc
eofsevenmoons,willdestroythe
rec
eptac
le-wo
rld.
6.'.3 Whenthetimeofthedestructionbywindcomes,alllivingbeings
willat
tainreincarn
ationintheBr
hatphalahea
venbypractic
ingthe
fburthtrance.
6.2.4 T
hedestru
ctionwill
blowupeve
rythi
ngeveryw
hereandd
estroyt
he
r
eceptac
le-world
complete
ly・The
recept
aclesof
theearth
,wate
r,
a
ndwind
willdis
appear
withth
efilr
iousv
ibrati
onsof
thewinds
.
6.2.5 Othe
rworldsw
illalsope
rishinth
esameway
asthisSa
haworld.T
he
wo
rdsoftheB
uddha-that
alltheth
ingsofth
eworldar
etransient
-
areaneternaltruth.

6
.3A
IIE
Xpl
α"q
tio
nOf
the
Meq
n加9
oft
heT
rut
h
6.3.1TheBuddha'ssermononkarmarebuttedtheassertionsofheretics
r
ega
rdi
ngt
heb
egi
nni
ngo
fth
eun
ive
rse
,na
mel
yah
etu
vad
a,S
iva
-
v
ada
,an
dsa
das
tiv
ada
.
6.3.2TheBuddha'ssermononthethreecosmicdestructionsbyfire,wa-
ter,andwindrebuttedtheassertionsofhereticsregardingthe
eventsinthefiltureoftheuniverse.
6.3.3TheBuddha'ssermonontheactivitiesoffire,water,wind,andsoon,
rebutte
dtheUcc
hedavad
ins,who
asserte
dthatno
thingex
ists("応
ti).
6.3.4TheBuddhataughtabouttheTruthofduhkha,samudaya,nirodha,
andmargaandi
ndicatedthes
tageofdarSana
margatocutth
ekleSas
o
fda
rSa
nah
eya
.
6.3.5TheBuddhaindicatedthestageofbhavanamargatocutthekleSasof
b
havanaheya,andfilrth
ermore,thestageofASai
kSatocutallthe
k
ledasc
omple
tely.
6.3.6DisciplesshouldlistentotheB
uddha'swordsandfbllowthepathof
t
heabovemen
tionedthre
estages・It
isnotdiffic
ultfbrearn
estones
t
oattai
nthefi
nalgo
al.

6
.4P
cIs
scI
geO
fth
eEm
s(p
arv
an)
Oft
heP
qtr
iqr
ch､
gur
u)
6.4.1-5AseriesofwonderfUleventsoccurredastheBuddhafinishedthis
d
isc
our
se(
kat
h5)
.
6.4.6-7TheBuddhacontinuedtoteachuntilhisdeath.
6
.4.
8-1
1Th
efU
ner
alo
fth
eBu
ddh
ato
okp
lac
eam
ids
tde
epg
rie
fof
all
hum
an
be
ings
.
6
.4.
12T
heBud
dh a
lef
tbe
hin
dhi
sbo
dil
yre
lic
s.
342 K
iyo
shi
Oka
no

6.4.13 AfterthedeathoftheBuddhamanyevilpeopleappeared.
6.4.14 Inordertoch
eckthem,monksassemble
dcouncils(scIWTti
).
6.4.15 Onthebasisoftherighttraditionfixedbyt
hecouncils,thea
uth
or
compose
dthisdiscour
se(kcItha)fbr
thebenefitof
theworld.
6.4.16 Theauthorsaidthatallmeritsofthisworkmustbeattributedtothe
Buddhaandallthefaultstotheauthor.
6.4.17 Theauthormentionsthathisambitionistoknowalltruthsandto
s
har
eth
emw
ith
Peo
ple
.
 一一−一一.− ー−− −'一 一一一一一一 一雫 − −一一 一一一一一一一 一一 −−

Inhaltsverzeichnis

TnbulqGmtulqto血…….…….……...……..…………...…….………………..…………..…..…………iX
Publ加加"sofBhikkhuPnsadikα………………………………………………….………………….…Xi
A n a l a y o .
KarmaandLiberation-
T
he肋
rqj
a晦q
-su
tm(
AN1
0.2
08)
int
heL
igh
tof
its
Par
all
els
…….
….…
….…
…..
1
J
inF
ilChu
ng
Eme
SanSkr
it-
Ver
sio
nde
sAm
ndc
I-S
Utm
(Sm
ym伽
i胸α
224
21)
m
der
Sam
'T血
ngS
tem
(Br
iti
shU
bra
ry,
Lon
don
).…
.……
….,
..…
.……
.….
………
｡.2
5
MaxDeeg
W
rit
ing
fbr
the
Enl
per
or-
Xua
nza
ngB
etw
een
Pie
tyl
R
eli
gio
usP
rop
aga
nda
,In
tel
lig
enc
e,a
ndM
ode
rnl
mag
ina
tio
n..
………
….…
.｡d
31
MitsuyoDemoto
Diel28Nebenll611ennachdemSqddhqrmqsmrりmpcIsthamsftm…….…………61
S
iglin
deDiet
z
DerfPMcnk面加gW砿mavqni㎡em-
E
mde
mva
sUb
and
huz
uge
scM
ebe
nes
Leh
rge
dic
ht"
…….
………
………
..…
,….
,89
DragomirD加辻rov
C
riti
cal
Edit
ion
sCr
iti
cal
lyN
eed
ed
(On
theTra
nsmiss
ionof
tileS
f伽加9
伽el
O7i
mTi
bet
).…
…….
.……
………
….…
..9
7
HelmutEimer
DieHym
nedesDge-'
dun-rgya-m
tshoaufAti
fa
unddiebiographischetjberheferung.……………………………………………………117
C
ami
llo
Ale
ssi
oFo
rmi
gat
ti
T
heS
tor
yof
smm
dar
ran
dNa
nda
mtl
IeM
MI砿
αⅣ応
tiv
adw
imy
q""
………
.….
.12
9
Kaxl-HeinzGolzio
KauXIjinyainSiidostasien……….…………………………‘……….………….…………..…157
H
ansJiir
genGresch
at
Begegnungji
nterreligi6s.….…….……
……..…….….…..……………………
…………‘…｡167
MidlaelHalmmmdNaokiSaito
V
asU
ban
dhu
sMa
hnr
ede
iib
erd
ieS
i廿l
ich
ke辻
mitdemKommentardesPrakaSahrti…｡………｡.｡"…"….…….….…………d….‘…｡177
戸

J
iir
genHa
nnede
r
Mod
ernes
Sansk
rit
-Ei
nev
erg
eSs
ene
Lit
era
tur
…..
….…
.……
………
..…
…….
…20
5
Jens UweHartmann
NeueszumVnm"hqvnmα….…………………………………...…...……….…….…..….…229
● ●

AdellleidHerrmann戸Pfandt
AFirstSc
hedUlefbrtheRevi
sionoftileOldNa
rthang-
Buston'sChosbimqmgmlisdkurchqg……………………....…..….….….……………243
SeishiKarashima
ASanskritFragmentofiileSatmsq伽1ccUa丘omCentralAsia……..………..263
PetraKieHer-PmzundAnnePeters
D
ieP
耐"l
okk
hqp
qdq
tth
aFa
mvα
"､α
〃α
ー

． ． ． ● − ● ‐ ‘ . ． -

desVicittalank5raausCa-lafih.……………….………………..…..……………….,.…….275
､ 』
, a ， , ‘ ず - , - ' ‐ ' 、 . ,

H
qju
nNa
gas
aki
T
hel
l'j
ive
rse
oft
heR
hin
oce
ros
snt
ram
the
SU伽
岬"t
q……
…….
.……
.……
293 6 1 - 1

ThomasOberhes
,
K6n
igS
ibi
4be
ide
nJa
ina
s-D
asS
励伽面
thn
cqr
i奴.
………
………
.……
………
…..
.30
3
一

K
iyoshiOka
no
AsummaryoftheMnhascwWqrtumi肋伽一
一●

AChronol
ogoftheUnivers
eAccording
tot
heS
amm
iti
yas
………
.….
..…
…32
3 申

UlrikeRoesler
OnceAgainonthe"ThreeKindS㎡IndMduals"
inmdianandTibetanBuddhism..………..……………….…….…….….….….…………343
G
reg
oly
Sch
ope
n
TheUrbanBuddllistNml
andaProtec
廿ve
Ritefb
rChildre
ninEarl
yNorthIn
dia…….…
.……..………
…359
JonathanASilk
RemarksontheK吋叩叩伽Vα噸Conunentary.……….…………………………....381
PeterSk
illmg
CommentaryatNalandaintheAg eofDllamlapala-
vrryas耐atta'sMb"d加"αontheArthm加尭IW-d加加叩aWの7α､.…………399
−

J
ayandraSon
i
ASectionOfVidyanandin'scritiqUeofBuddhism……………………..…..………449
ROlandSteiner
C -

DreiBudd畑"rimStrophenimDilZyavqd伽α:.…………………….…….……….…..…459
MartinStraube
DharmamtialSDichter…………...……………….….………….………………….…….……471

ISBN978-3-923776-53-5