BENDING ANALYSIS OF BEAM

ME-328 Machine Design-II

Team Members
Mushabbar Husnain Noor 170501
Shehryar Mehmoud 170493
Muneeb Iqbal 170445
Raja Asfand 170822

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Air University
 Abstract
Beam are an integral part of every structural system. The beam is a structural
element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. They
are characterized by their profile (shape of cross section), their material and
length. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the
external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a
bending moment. This report is mainly based on the bending analysis of beam.
Finite Element Analysis (FEM) is numerical technique for finding the
approximate solutions to the boundary value problems for partial differential
equations. This report is based on the FEM analysis using ANSYS.

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 Table of Contents

1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Formulation Steps ................................................................................................................................. 3

2.1 3D Modeling: ..................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Simulation: ........................................................................................................................................ 5

3. Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 6

3.1 Maximum shear stress acting on bolts: ................................................................................................ 6

3.1.1 Maximum shear stress Comparison: ......................................................................................... 8

3.2 Bending Stress acting on Beam along the Length:........................................................................... 9

3.3 Deflection in Beam: ......................................................................................................................... 11

4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................ 12

4.1 Deviation from ideal values: ........................................................................................................... 12

5. References .......................................................................................................................................... 13

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 List of Figures

Figure 1: Dimensions of Beam under Analysis .......................................................................................... 3

Figure 2: Modeled Beam Side View ........................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3: Modeled Beam front View .......................................................................................................... 4
Figure 4: Simulation ................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 5: Bolt 1 (Top right Bolt) ................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 6: Bolt 2 (Bottom left Bolt) ............................................................................................................. 6
Figure 7: Bolt 3 (Bottom Right Bolt).......................................................................................................... 7
Figure 8: Bolt 4(Top Left Bolt) .................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 9: Comparison of Stress Generation on Bolts ................................................................................ 8
Figure 10: Bending Stress in Beam ............................................................................................................ 9
Figure 11: Bending Stress Graph across Stress and Length from Fixed Side ........................................ 10
Figure 12; Deflection Of beam ................................................................................................................. 11
Figure 13: Difference of Actual and ideal Value ..................................................................................... 12

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1. Introduction
This report outlines the ANALYSIS OF STRESS ACTING ON BOLTS DUE TO BENDING FROCE
APPLIED TO A CANTILIVER BEAM. This project explain the behavior of stress generation on the bolts by
bending load. The material used in the project is AISI 1040 for the beam and AISI 1020 for the bolts and nuts.
It’s a simple Rectangular beam fixed with a wall, with the help of bolts.

Figure 1: Dimensions of Beam under Analysis

2. Formulation Steps
The Project completion is in two parts:
1. 3D Modeling
2. Simulation

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2.1 3D Modeling:
 First of all the project is 3d modeled in solid-works.
 Make the support wall and beam with extrude and hole wizard features.
 After creating the wall and beam in solid works. Open the toolbox library for bolts and nuts.
 Select the IS units.
 Choose the head hex 3640 bolt.
 Change the size to M16 and length 38mm.
 Mate all the four bolts in required drilled holes.
 Now open the nuts library in toolbox add in.
 Select the hexagon thin nut 1364 (chamfered).
 Change the size to M16.
 After assembly completion, save the file with" .igs "extension.

Figure 2: Modeled Beam Side View

Figure 3: Modeled Beam front View

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2.2 Simulation:
 Open the static structural analysis in Ansys workbench.
 Define the materials in engineering materials.
 Add new material AISI 1040 and AISI 1020.
 Define their physical properties.
 Open the design modeler and import the saved igs file.
 Click generate icon for loading the model in ansys.
 Now define the connections in model.
 The connections between nut and bolt are defined by bounded connection.
 The connections between: wall-beam, wall-bolts, wall-nuts, and beam-bolt are defined by frictionless
connection.
 Now defined the mesh quality.
 The mesh generation is adaptive and mesh quality is fine.
 Now add the fixed support on wall from static structural insert option.
 Add the force on the side face of beam.
 Now add the Maximum shear stress calculator on all bolts in solution menu.
 Add the total deformation and safety factor.
 Now in final part solve the solution.

Figure 4: Simulation

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3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Maximum shear stress acting on bolts:

Figure 5: Bolt 1 (Top right Bolt)

Figure 6: Bolt 2 (Bottom left Bolt)

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Figure 7: Bolt 3 (Bottom Right Bolt)

Figure 8: Bolt 4(Top Left Bolt)

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3.1.1 Maximum shear stress Comparison:

Bolts# Ansys Result Position Maximum

Stress
(Mpa)
Bolt 1 128.55
Top Right

Bolt 2 128.15
Bottom Right

Bolt 3 113.74
Top Left

Bolt 4 106.62
Bottom Left

Figure 9: Comparison of Stress Generation on Bolts

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3.2 Bending Stress acting on Beam along the Length:

Figure 10: Bending Stress in Beam

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 Bending Stress Graph
2.60E+00
2.50E+00
2.40E+00
2.30E+00
2.20E+00
2.10E+00
2.00E+00
1.90E+00
1.80E+00
1.70E+00
1.60E+00
1.50E+00
Bending Stress Mpa

1.40E+00
1.30E+00
1.20E+00
1.10E+00
1.00E+00
9.00E-01
8.00E-01
7.00E-01
6.00E-01
5.00E-01
4.00E-01
3.00E-01
2.00E-01
1.00E-01
0.00E+00
22.917

126.04

229.17

332.29
343.75
0
11.458

34.375
45.833
57.292

80.208
91.667
103.13
114.58

148.96
160.42
171.88
183.33
194.79
206.25
217.71

240.63
252.08
263.54
275
286.46
297.92
309.38
320.83

355.21
366.67
378.13
389.58
401.04

423.96
435.42
68.75

137.5

412.5
-1.00E-01
-2.00E-01
Length Of Beam (mm)

Figure 11: Bending Stress Graph across Stress and Length from Fixed Side

The graph is showing the 2 peak curves. The reason is that the stress generation is divided into two section
because of the support by bolts. The stress start increase until bolt 3&4 and decrease right after it. The stress
increase after a small distance before the bolt 1&2. Then reaches the maximum value at bolt 1&2. After it
the stress starts decreasing continuously until zero value.

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3.3 Deflection in Beam:

Figure 12; Deflection Of beam

The maximum deflection act on the free end of the beam. Where the force of 16000N is applied. As we can
see the deflection 0.051184mm is not much because of the vertical orientation of beam.

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4. Conclusions
From the simulation we conclude that the deflection of beam is directly proportional to force acting on it.
After simulation we conclude that the stress value which we obtain from analysis is not equal to the given
results as mentioned in book example no.7. The reason is that book didn't consider the frictional effect and the
beam is considered to be rigid. When the beam is deformed the neutral axis deviate from the central axis hence
increase the stress on the bolt placed above the neutral axis and decrease the stress on bolts placed below the
neutral axis

4.1 Deviation from ideal values:

Bolts# Bolt 1 Bolt 2 Bolt 3 Bolt 4
Ansys Value 128.55 128.15 113.74 106.62
Mpa
Ideal Value 146 146 102 102
Mpa
(book)
Figure 13: Difference of Actual and ideal Value

In book there are just considering the simple shear stress transfer. However in actual case there are some main
things which we should considers like stress generation in threads. Types of joints like bounded, frictional and
frictionless. The friction between wall-beam, beam-bolts, bolt-nut and wall-nut. These are some factor which
the deviation of actual value from ideal (frictionless) case values.

4.2 Project Distribution:

Student Name Tasks
Mushabbar Husnain Noor ANSY
Shehryar Mehmood Solid Works
Muneeb Iqbal Report Compiling
Raja Asfand Report Compiling

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5. References
1. R. D. Adams, R. W. Atkins, J. A. Harris, and A. J. Kinloch, "Stress Analysis and Failure Properties
of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic/Steel Double-Lap Joints," The Journal of Adhesion, vol. 20,
pp. 29-53, 1986/07/01 1986.
2. Budynas, Richard G., J. Keith Nisbett, and Joseph Edward Shigley. Shigley's Mechanical
Engineering Design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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