8] c I have done (present perfect 1) ve dean 7 \ my shoes. They have gone out. (& they are not at home tow) past participle i . cleaned I cleaned? Swe | lhiave ("ve) finished hav} © | finished? | } regular vers you [ have not (haven't) | stated yon | eee they Tost they | Jost? i 4 hee Ha. fiona irregular verbs she | Bas 5) been fine Le | pees | pent « f has not (hasm’) | gone ae ame as the past simple): we have finished start — she has started Regular verbs: The past participle is -ed (che clean + Ihave cleaned finish Irregular verbs: The past participle is someyfmes the same as the past simple and sometimes different (= Appendix 2-3), For example the same: buy I bought / I have bought have — he had / he has had different: break + L broke / I havé broken see = you saw / you have seen fall — it fell / it has falfen go they went / they have gone We use the present perfect for an ation int rhe past with a resule now: © [ve lost my passport. (-/I can’t find my passport now) © ‘Where’s Linda?” “She’s gone to bed? (= she is in bed now) © We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now) © Ics Rachel’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present. . e “Bob is on holiday’ ‘Oh, where has he gone?” an I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it? present perfect => IEEE) present perfect and pastsimple => IME] regu verbs => RENNIE154 “15.2 EXERCISES Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from: UNIT 15 goto bed cleanhisshees stopraining close the door falldown have a bath before now 1 He has cleaned his shoes. 3 She 3s They , It He 6 > | A The LS Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. break buy decide finish forget go go invite see not/see take 1 ‘Can Ihave this newspaper?” ‘Yes, I've.finished.. with it! 21 some new shoes. Do you want to see them? 3. ‘Where is Liz?” ‘She socom OE! 4 I'm looking for Paula. you her? 5 Look! Somebody that window, 6 ‘Does Lisa know that you're going away?” ‘Yes, I her? 7 Ican't find my umbrella, Somebody ir, 8 I'm looking for Sarah, Where she ad ? 9 1 know that woman but I her name. 10. Suc is having a party tonight. She a lot of people. If Whatare you going to do? you 2 12 ‘Where are my glasses?’ ‘I don’t know. I them. tell (39lve just... I've already... | haven’t... yet (present perfect 2) A pve just just =a short time ago ® A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: Yes, they’ve just arrived. @ A; Are you hungry? B: No, Pve just had dinner. @ A: Is Tom here? B: No, I'm aftaid he’s ju ‘They have just arrived. (= he has just gone) gone. B pve already ... already = before you eypected / before I expected @ A: What time are Ifiane and Paul coming? B: They've already arrived. (= before you expected) © Irs only nine o’gock and Ann has already gone to bed. (= befofe I expected) © A: John, thisés Mary. B: Yes, [ knw. We've already met. C haven't ... yet / Have you ... yet? yet = until now yet in wegative sentences: fre Diane and Paul here? jo, they haven’t arrived yet. (but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon) © A/ Does John know that you're going away? No, | haven’t told him yet. (but B is going to tell him soon) @ /Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn’t worn it yet. yet in questions: © A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? B: No, not yet. We're still waiting for them. © A: Has Linda started her new job yet? B: No, she starts next week © A: This is my new dress B: Oh, it’s nice, Have you worn it yet? [40] prevent perfect > [ENEMIES] = word onler> EIERY still, yet anc already => [TENN16.2 16.3 16.4 EXERCISES Write a sentence with just for each picture. 4 The race Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect * 1 What time is Paul arriving? 2.| Do Sue and Bill want to see the film? 3 Don't forget to phone Tom. 4 When is Martin going awa 5 | De you want to read the newspaper? 6 | When does Linda start her new job? Write a sentence with just (They've just haven't... yet /She hasn't... yet etc.). / She's just ... etc.) or a negative sentence with yet (They T ~ a fow afew iitsttes ago nines ago Ghe / go /out) {che bus / go) ‘She, hasn't gone out yet. now a few minutes ago. (the bus / go) afew suntites ago | nitnutes ago (he / open / it) (they / finish /their dinner) witnutes 90, {it / stop / raining) Write questions with yet. 1 Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her: Have you started your, new job yet? 2. Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him you 3. Your friend must write a letter. Perhaps she has written it now, You ask her: 4 ‘Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it now. You ask a friend about Tom:UNIT uWa 6©Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3) Have you been to Rome? eo te Yes, [have. Many times, Sia you ever i a ee been Jara en We use the present perfect (have been / have had / hae played cic.) when we talle about a time from the past until now ~ for example, a person's life; _ HAVE YOU EVER BEEN/TO JAPAN? ime trom the pagk unt now past Now @ ‘Have you been to France?” (it yur life) ‘No, I haven’t? @ I've been to Canada but I haveg’t been to the United States, @ Mary is an interesting person. Ste has had many different jobs and has places @ ve seen that woman before How many times has Brazil “Have you read this book? ived in many wut I can’t remember where. ‘on the World Cup? . e “Yes, I've read it twice’ (twice = two times) B _ present perfect + ever (in questions)/nd never @ ‘Has Ann ever been tg Australia?” “Yes, once? (oni @ ‘Have you ever playefl golf” “Yes, | often play golf? @ My mother has neve? travelled by air. @ I've never ridden a forse. @ ‘Who is that man? / ‘I don’t know. ve never seen him before? one time) C gone and been two weeks later Se fia I've been \, on holiday. I've been to Spain. Bill has been to Spain. PILL (= he went to Spain but mow he is back) Compare: © can't find Susan, Where has she gone? (= Where is she now?) @ Oh, hello Susan! I was looking for you. Where have you been? 2] present perfect EERSTE present perfect an past simple =WW Aov 11.2 173 14 EXERCISES You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever ... ? Write the questions. 1 [ (London?) , Have, you. exer, been te London? No, never, 2 | (play / golf?) Have you ever played. golf? Yes, many times, 3 | (Australia?) Have a | | No, never. 4 | dose / your passport?) Yes, once. 5 | (dy / ina helicopter?) 6 7 8 a (eat / Chinese food?) (New York?) (drive / a bus?) No, never, (break / your leg?) Yes, once Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.) (New York) Helen has been. to New. York twice. 1d 2 (Australia) Helen 3. (Chinese food) 4 (drive / a bus) Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things? 5 (New York) I 6 (play / tennis) 7 (fly / ina helicopter) 8 (be / late for work or school) Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done? have be allover the world a lot of interesting things do write many-diferentjebs a lot of interesting people travel ten books married three times She, has had. many different. jobs. Put in gone or been. 1_Billis on holiday at the moment. He’ gOM®... co Spain. 2 ‘Where’ Jill?” “She's not here. I think she’s to the bank? 3 Hello, Sue. Where have you ? Have you to the bank? 4 “Have you ever to Mexico?” ‘No, never? 5. My parents aren't at home this evening, They've out 6 There’sa new restaurant in town. Have you toi? 7 Ann knows Paris well. She's there many times. 8 Helen was here earlier but I think she’ now.UNIT HE: =How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4) A. jitlis on holiday in Ireland. She is there now. She arrived in Ireland on Monday. Today is Thursday. How long has she been in Ireland? since Monday. She has been in Ireland | A tices days ‘Compare is and has been: She is in Tiel now. is = present le aq | Since Monday. Shc has been ia Teliod | For three dave i has been = present perfect Monday Bo Compare: present simple Mark and Liz are married, Are you married? Do you know Sarah? L know Sarah, yhown her for a long time. know her for ..2) long has she lived in London? has lived there all her life. Linda lives in London. Ihave a car low long have you had your car? ve had it since April. present continuous present perfect continuous (have been + ing) Pm learning German. How long have you been learning German? (aot ‘How long are you learning German?’) I've been learning German for two years. David is watching TV. How long has he been watching TV? He’s been (= He has been) watching TV since 5 o'clock. Is raining. It’s been (= It has been) raining all day. [44] for and since =[EEENE18.3 ~18.4 EXERCISES 18 Complete these sentences. 1 Jill is in hospital. She 2S. been... in hospital since Monday. 2 Tknow Sarah, [Have known. . her fora long time. 3 Linda and Frank are married, They married since 1989. 4 Brian sill. He ill for the last few days. 5. We live in Scott Road. We there for ten years. 6 Catherine works in a bank, She ina bank for five years. 7 Alan has a headache. He aheadache since he got up this morning 8 I'm learning English. 1 English for six months, Make questions with How long Jill is on holiday. How long has. she. been on holiday, > Mike and Judy are in Brazil. How long Tknow Margare! How long you Diana is learning Iealian My brother li waueene I'ma teacher. Ie is raining Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Your sentence must end with one of these: for ten minutes all day all her life forten-years since he was 20 since Sunday 1 They have. been married. for ten years. 2 She 3 They 4 The sun 5 She 6 He Which is right? 1 Markis/ has been in Canada since April, has been is right 2. Jane is a good friend of mine. [ know / have known her very well. 3 Jane is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her for a long time. 4 “Sorry I’m late. How long are you / have you been waiting? ‘Not long. Only five minutes. 5. Martin works / h: ed in a hotel now. He likes his job very much. 6 Linda is reading d paper. She is / has been reading it for two hours. 7 8 ‘How long do you live / have you lived in this house?’ ‘About ten years? Thave / ‘Is thata new coat? "Ni dd this coat for a long time? 9 Tom is / has been in Spa . He is / has been there for the last three days. 145rT 19 [46] for since ago for and since We use for and since to say how fong: < for three days. ¢ Jill is in Ireland, She has been there { ee ae We use since + th¢/start of the period We use for + a period of time (three days / (Monday / 9 o’¢lock etc.) two years et): start of Monday —> Tuestay —> Wednesday the period <—— for three days ———» Woe J — since Monday —> jon past ow wow for 1 since three days ten minutes fonday Wednesday an hour two hours o'clock 12.30 a week four weeks 4 July Christmas a month six months Franwary Twas ten years old five years a long time 1985 wwe arrived Richard has been in Canada since January. (= from January to now) fe We've been waiting since 9 o’clock. = from 9 o'clock to now) @ I've lived in London since T was ten years old. @ Richard has been in Canada for six months. (ito ‘since six months’) @ We've been waiting for two hours. (not ‘since two hours’) @ I've lived in London for a long time. ago ago = before now @ Susan started her new job three w9eks ago. (= three weeks before now) @ ‘When did Tom go out?” “Ten nfinutes ago. (= ten minutes before now) @ Thad dinner an hour ago. @ Life was very different a hundred years ago. We use ago with the past (started/did/Had/was ct) Compare ago and for: When did Jill arrive in Ireland? She arrived in Ireland three days ago. © How long has she been in Ireland? She has been in Ireland for three days. present perfect + for/sinee => from/until/since/for => for and during =19.1 19.4 UNIT EXERCISES 1 g Write for or since. 1. Jill has been in Ireland SiNee... Monday. 2 Jill has been in Ireland fr... three days, 3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 years, 4 Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock 5 India has been an independent County ..rnonmnon 1947. 6 ‘The bus is late. We've been waiting 20) minutes. 7 Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years 8 Mike has been ill «long, time. He has been in hospital October. Answer these questions. Use ago. 1 When was your last meal? Three hours ago. 2 When was the last time you were ill? 3 When did you last go to the cinema? 4 When was the last time you were in a car? 5 When was the last time you went on holiday? Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets (...) + for or ago. 1 Jill arrived in Ireland three days ago. (three days) 2 Jill has been in Ireland for.Horee, daus.... (three days) 3 Linda and Frank have been married 20 years) 4 Linda and Frank got married zs (20 years) 5 Dan arrived (cen minutes) 6 We had lunch 7 Silvia has been learning En: (six months) 8 Have you known Lisa (long time) 9 Tbought these shoes (a few days) (av hour) Complete the sentences with for or since. 1 Jillis in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago. She has. been there. for three days. 2. Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday. He has 3 Its raining, It started an hour ago. It’s been 4 [know Sue. | first met Sue two years ago. I've T bought it in 1989. I’ve vs 6 They are married. They got married six months ago. They've 7 Liz is studying medicine at university. She started three years ago. She has Dave plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old. Dave has. oo Write sentences about yourself. Begin with the words in brackets (. 1 (ve lived) 2 (I've been) 3. (I've been learning) 4 5 (ve known) (I've had)| have done (present perfect) and I did (past simple) A With a finished tine (esterday / last week ct.), we use the past (artived/saw/was ete): past simple + finished time erday. last week We arrived | at 3 o'clock sixy/months ago in 1991, six months ago. Now Do not use the present perfect (have arrived / have dé time’ 1e / have been etc.) with a finished © I saw Paula yesterday. (sot ‘I have seen’) © Where were you on Sunday afternoon? © We didn’t have a holiday last year. (not © “What did you do last night?” ‘I stay. © William Shakespeare lived from 1564 plays and poems. (not ‘Where have you been’) fe haven't had’) at home? 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many Use the past simple to ask When ... ? or Whdt time ... ? © When did they arrive? (#0 ‘Whey/ have they arriv B Compare: present perfect ‘past simple © [have lost my key. last week. (= T can't find it now) © Bill has gone home. he isn't here now) © Have you seen Ann? (= where is she now?) © [lost my key © Bill went home ten minutes ago © Did you see Ann on Saturday? finished time |_| wow past ow time untitnow past © Have you ever been to $pain? (Ein your life, until nou © My friend isa writer. le has written © Shakespeare wrote many plays and many books poems. © The letter hasn’t arfived yet © The letter didn’t arrive yesterday. © We've lived in Singapore for six yea © We lived in Glasgow for six years but (= we live there now) now we live in Singapore. © Did you go to Spain last year? [48] pacsimple => PEEIEA present perfect > [IESEEYEXERCISES unni 20 20.1 Use the words in brackets (...) to answer the questions. I~ Zl 1 Have you seen Ann? (5 minutes ago) | ..Yes;. saw her 5 minutes ago. 2. | Have you started your new job? last week) | Yes, I last week, 3 Have your friends arrived? (at o'flock) | Yes, they 4 Has Sarah gone away? iday) | Yes, 5 | Have you worn your new shoes? terday) | Yes, 20.2 Right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. 1. Eve lost my key. I can’t find it. RIGHT, 2. Have you seen Ann yesterday? WRONG... Did. you. see, 3. [ve finished my work at 2 o'clock. 4 5 6 Sue isn’t here. 7 Jim’s grandmother h: 8 Where have you been last night? 20.3 Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple. 1 My friend is a writer. He Ng. written (write) many books. 2 We didn’t have. (not/haye) a holiday las 31 (play) tennis yesterday afternoon 4 What time {you/go) to bed last night? 5 (you/ever/meet) a famous person? 6 The weather. {not/be) very good yesterday. 7 My hair is wet. 1 (just/wash) it 81 (wash) my hair before breakfast this morning. 9 Kathy travels alot. She... (visit) many countries, 7 10 ‘Is Sonia here?” /*No, she (not/come) yet! 20.4 Put the verb in the presgnt perfect or past simple, (go) there on holiday two yeaps ago. 3 Rose works in a factory. She (work) there for six months. Before that she (be) a waitress in a restaurant. She few minutes ago. A: And Julia? B: [don't know. I (not/see} her, A: (you/have) F (work) there for ewo a good time? years but sh B: Yes, (be) great (not/enjoy) it very much. 2A: ee ’s Alan? 4A: Do you know Martin's sister? (fou /see) him? BT Gee) hera few B: Yes, he (go) outa times but [ (never/speak) to her. (you/ever/speak) vo her? A: Yes. 1 (meet) her ata party last week. She's very nice. {4