Raw Material Specifications

Technological Institute of the Philippines
RAW MATERIAL
SPECIFICATIONS
RAW MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

In the production of Benzyl Salicylate, there are three raw materials

used. These are Salicylic Acid, Benzyl Chloride, and Triethylamine. The
description, properties, potential hazards and the storage and handling of these
ingredients are described in this chapter.
SALICYLIC ACID
Figure 1:
Salicylic Acid
(IndiaMART.com)
DESCRIPTION
Salicylic Acid exist as a colorless and odorless needle shaped crystals or

fluffy crystalline powder. Salicylic acid can be found in wintergreen leaves and
the bark of sweet birch, but it can also be derived from the metabolism of
salicin. Salicylic acid is an important organic synthetic raw material that is
mainly used in the preparation of aspirin and other pharmaceutical products.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

The solubility of Salicylic acid in water is relatively poor. However, it is

soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, propanol, ethanol, and acetone.
When it is exposed under direct sunlight, it will be inclined to undergo
discoloration due to its photochemical degradation. Upon degradation, it
releases irritating fumes and acrid smelling smoke.
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
Chemical Name Salicylic Acid
IUPAC Name 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Chemical Formula C7H6O3
Molecular Weight 138.12 g/mol
Physical State Solid
Color White
Odor Odorless
Boiling Point 211 °C
Melting Point 158 °C
Density 1.443 g/cm3
Vapor Density in Air 4.8
Vapor Pressure 114 Pa
Solubility in Water 2240 mg/L
pH 2.4
Corrosiveness Non-corrosive
Table 1: Physical and Chemical Properties of Salicylic Acid

(pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
STRUCTURE
Figure 2:
Chemical
Structure of
Salicylic Acid
(chemspider.com)
HANDLING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

Handling. A person should wear personal protective equipment in

all times while handling Salicylic Acid to avoid contact with the eyes, skin,
mouth, and on clothing. The chemical must only be used in a well-ventilated
area and that dust formation should be minimized or avoided. It is also highly
recommended to wash your hands thoroughly after handling the chemical.
Storage. The containers that stores Salicylic acid must be tightly

closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. It must be kept away from
sources of ignition, from direct sunlight, and protected from moisture.
POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND TOXICITY
The table below shows the potential health hazards in exposure to

Salicylic acid with their corresponding cause of contact.
POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS

Causes severe eye irritation. May
Eye
result in corneal injury.
Contact with skin causes irritation
and possible burns, especially if the
Skin skin is wet or moist. If absorbed, may
cause symptoms similar to those for
ingestion. May cause skin rash and
eruptions.
Causes gastrointestinal irritation with

nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May
cause "salicylism"; characterized by
headache, dizziness, ringing in the
ears, hearing difficulty, visual
Ingestion disturbances, mental confusion,
drowsiness, sweating thirst,
hyperventilation, nausea, vomiting
and diarrhea. Severe salicylate
intoxication may cause central
nervous system disturbances such as
convulsions and coma, skin
eruptions, and alteration in the acid-
base balance.
Causes irritation of the mucous
Inhalation
membrane and upper respiratory
tract.
May cause reproductive and fetal
Chronic effects. May cause salicylism with

effects similar to those of skin
absorption. May cause damage to the
kidneys and pancreas.
Table 2: Potential health hazards of Salicylic Acid
(https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/20315.htm)
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Table 3 shows the first aid measures and the personal protective
equipment to their corresponding cause of contact. In addition, a source of clean
water should be available in the work area for flushing eyes and skin.
Impervious clothing should be worn as needed.
PERSONAL
FIRST AID MEASURES PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Immediately flush eyes with Wear appropriate protective
plenty of water for at least 15 eyeglasses or chemical safety
Eye minutes, occasionally lifting the goggles
upper and lower eyelids. Get
medical aid immediately.
Get medical aid immediately. Wear appropriate protective
Immediately flush skin with gloves to prevent skin
plenty of water for at least 15 exposure.
Skin
minutes while removing
contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash clothing before reuse.
Get medical aid immediately. Wear safety masks and
Remove from exposure and move respirators to prevent
to fresh air immediately. If not inhalation exposure.
Inhalation
breathing, give artificial
respiration. If breathing is
difficult, give oxygen.
Call a poison control center. If

swallowed, do not induce
vomiting unless directed to do so
Ingestion by medical personnel. Never give
anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. Get medical
aid.
Table 3: First Aid Measures and PPE for Salicylic Acid

BENZYL CHLORIDE
Figure 3: Benzyl Chloride

(ref. sgschemical.com)
DESCRIPTION
Benzyl Chloride is an organic compound that is extensively used as a

chemical building block. Benzyl Chloride appears to be colorless to pale
yellow-brownish liquid and has a pungent or unpleasant smell that causes
tearing of the eyes. This compound can be used as a benzylating agent for
benzene and other aromatics. It can also be used as a chemical intermediate in
the manufacture of dyes, plasticizers, drugs, lubricants, resins, and cosmetics.
Benzyl Chloride exists in a liquid state, it is considered to be insoluble

in water and is relatively neutral. Benzyl Chloride appears to be colorless to
pale yellow-brownish liquid and has a pungent or unpleasant smell that causes
tearing of the eyes. This compound is also a potentially toxic compound.
Chemical Name Benzyl Chloride
IUPAC Name chloromethylbenzene
Chemical Formula C7H7Cl
Physical State Liquid
Color Colorless to slightly yellow liquid
Odor Rather unpleasant, irritating odor
Boiling Point 179.0 °C
Melting Point -45.0 °C
Flash Point 74 °C
Flammability Flammable Liquid
Density 1.1004 g/cm3

Vapor Pressure 120 Pa
Solubility in Water 525 mg/L
Corrosiveness Corrosive to metal
Table 4: Physical and Chemical Properties of Benzyl Chloride

STRUCTURE
Figure 4: Chemical
Structure of Benzyl Chloride
(chemspider.com)
HANDLING AND STORAGE
CONDITIONS

all times while handling Benzyl Chloride to avoid contact with the eyes, skin,
mouth, and on clothing. It is also highly recommended to wash your hands

thoroughly after handling the chemical.
The chemical must only be used under a chemical fume hood and
that mists, vapors, and sprays should not be inhaled. Benzyl Chloride should be
kept away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Storage. The containers that stores Salicylic acid must be tightly

closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. It must be kept away from heat,
sparks, and flame.

Benzyl Chloride with their corresponding cause of contact.

Causes eye irritation and corneal
Eye
damage.
Corrosive to skin on contact. Skin
Skin contact may produce burns. Skin

inflammation is characterized by
itching, scaling, reddening, or,
occasionally, blistering.
Harmful if swallowed. May cause
Ingestion
severe irritation of the digestive tract.
Inhalation of the spray mist may
produce severe irritation of
Inhalation
respiratory tract, characterized by
coughing, choking, or shortness of

breath. May be fatal if inhaled.
Chronic exposure may cause lung
Chronic
damage. Potential cancer hazard.
Table 5: Potential health hazards of Benzyl Chloride
PERSONAL PROTECTION
equipment for Benzyl Chloride to their corresponding cause of contact. In
addition, a source of clean water should be available in the work area for
flushing eyes and skin. Impervious clothing should be worn as needed.
PERSONAL
EQUIPMENT (PPE)
In case of contact, immediately Wear chemical splash
Eye
flush eyes with plenty of water goggles.
for a t least 15 minutes. Get
In case of contact, immediately Wear appropriate protective
flush skin with plenty of water for gloves and clothing to
at least 15 minutes while prevent skin exposure.
Skin
removing contaminated clothing
and shoes. Get medical aid
immediately. Wash clothing
before reuse.
Poison material. If inhaled, get Wear safety masks and

medical aid immediately. Remove respirators to prevent
victim to fresh air. If not inhalation exposure.
Inhalation
breathing, give artificial
respiration. If breathing is
difficult, give oxygen.
If swallowed, do NOT induce
vomiting. Get medical aid
immediately. If victim is fully
Ingestion conscious, give a cupful of water.
Never give anything by mouth to
an unconscious person.
Table 3: First Aid Measures and PPE for Benzyl Chloride

TRIETHYLAMINE
Figure 5: Triethylamine
(indiaMART.com)
DESCRIPTION
Triethylamine is mainly used as a base, solvent, catalyst, and as a raw
material in organic synthesis and is generally abbreviated as TEA. It can be
used as an acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an
intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals. It
can be also used as a surfactant, antiseptic, and for the precipitation and
purification of antibiotics.
Triethylamine is a clear, colorless volatile liquid with an Ammonia or a

strong fish odor. It is highly soluble in water. It is soluble in ethanol, carbon
tetrachloride and ethyl ether and very soluble in acetone, benzene and
chloroform. Its vapor irritates the eyes and mucus membranes.
Chemical Name Triethylamine
IUPAC Name N,N-diethylethanamine
Chemical Formula C6H15N
Physical State Liquid
Color Colorless liquid
Odor Strong, ammonia odor
Boiling Point 89 °C
Melting Point -114.7 °C

Flash Point -17 °C
Flammability Highly Flammable Liquid
Density 0.7275 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure 7.2 kPa
Solubility in Water 68.6 mg/mL
Corrosiveness Corrosive
Table 7:
Physical and Chemical
Properties of Triethylamine
STRUCTURE
Figure 6: Chemical Structure of Triethylamine

(chemspider.com)
HANDLING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

all times while handling Triethylamine to avoid contact with the eyes, skin,
mouth, and on clothing. It is also highly recommended to wash your hands and
clothing thoroughly after handling the chemical but discard contaminated shoes.
Use spark proof tools and explosion proof equipment.
The chemical must only be used in a well-ventilated place. Do not

breathe its vapor. Empty containers retain product residue and can be
dangerous. Therefore, the containers should be kept tightly closed.
Triethylamine should be kept away from heat, sparks, and flame.
Storage. Container must be closed tightly when not in use. Must be

stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area that is away from sources of ignition,
oxidizing materials, incompatible substances, strong acids, and organic
halogens.

Triethylamine with their corresponding cause of contact.

Causes eye burns. Low vapor
Eye
concentrations may cause a

temporary visual disturbance.
Harmful if absorbed through the skin.
Skin Causes skin burns. The severity of

injury depends on the concentration
of the solution and the duration of
exposure.
Harmful if swallowed. Causes
Ingestion
gastrointestinal tract burns.
Harmful if inhaled. Causes chemical
burns to the respiratory tract. Effects
Inhalation
of inhalation may be delayed. Vapors
may cause lung injury. May cause
central nervous system effects.
Prolonged inhalation may cause
Chronic
respiratory tract inflammation and
lung damage. Prolonged or repeated
skin contact may cause defatting and
dermatitis.
Table 8: Potential health hazards of Triethylamine
PERSONAL PROTECTION
equipment for Triethylamine to their corresponding cause of contact. In
addition, a source of clean water should be available in the work area for
flushing eyes and skin. Impervious clothing should be worn as needed.
PERSONAL
EQUIPMENT (PPE)
In case of contact, immediately Wear chemical splash
Eye
flush eyes with plenty of water goggles.
for a t least 15 minutes. Get
In case of contact, immediately Wear appropriate protective
flush skin with plenty of water for gloves and clothing to
at least 15 minutes while prevent skin exposure.
Skin
removing contaminated clothing
and shoes. Get medical aid
immediately. Wash clothing
before reuse.
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If Wear safety masks and
not breathing, give artificial respirators to prevent
respiration. If breathing is inhalation exposure.
Inhalation
difficult, give oxygen. Get
medical aid.
If swallowed, do NOT induce
vomiting. Get medical aid
immediately. If victim is fully
Ingestion conscious, give a cupful of water.
Never give anything by mouth to
an unconscious person.
Table 9: First Aid Measures and PPE for Triethylamine

References:
 Mahdi Balali-Mood & Kia Balali-Mood (August 1996). Salicylic Acid.

Retrieved from
http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/pim642.htm#SectionTitle:1.
2%20%20Group
 Salicylic Acid. Retrieved from

https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/salicylic-acid
 Compound Summary: Salicylic Acid. Retrieved from

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Salicylic-acid
 Compound Summary: Benzyl Chloride. Retrieved from

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-chloride
 Furniss, B. S.; Hannaford, A. J.; Smith, P. W. G.; Tatchell, A. R. (1989),

Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry (5th ed.), Harlow:
Longman, p. 864,
 "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial

Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
 Benzyl Chloride: A Potential Hazardous Chemical. Retrieved from

https://www.worldofchemicals.com/686/chemistry-articles/benzyl-chloride-
a-potential-hazardous-chemical.html
 Clark, John (1972). Ignition!: An Informal History of Liquid Rocket

Propellants (PDF). Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey.
p. 13.
 Compound Summary: Triethylamine. Retrieved from

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Triethylamine
 Triethylamine. Retrieved from

https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB5355941
.htm

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Technological Institute of the Philippines

RAW MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

In the production of Benzyl Salicylate, there are three raw materials

Salicylic Acid exist as a colorless and odorless needle shaped crystals or

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

The solubility of Salicylic acid in water is relatively poor. However, it is

Table 1: Physical and Chemical Properties of Salicylic Acid

HANDLING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

Handling. A person should wear personal protective equipment in

Storage. The containers that stores Salicylic acid must be tightly

POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND TOXICITY

The table below shows the potential health hazards in exposure to

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS

Causes gastrointestinal irritation with

Chronic effects. May cause salicylism with

Call a poison control center. If

Table 3: First Aid Measures and PPE for Salicylic Acid

Figure 3: Benzyl Chloride

Benzyl Chloride is an organic compound that is extensively used as a

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Benzyl Chloride exists in a liquid state, it is considered to be insoluble

Density 1.1004 g/cm3

Table 4: Physical and Chemical Properties of Benzyl Chloride

Handling. A person should wear personal protective equipment in

mouth, and on clothing. It is also highly recommended to wash your hands

Storage. The containers that stores Salicylic acid must be tightly

POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND TOXICITY

The table below shows the potential health hazards in exposure to

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS

Skin contact may produce burns. Skin

coughing, choking, or shortness of

Poison material. If inhaled, get Wear safety masks and

Table 3: First Aid Measures and PPE for Benzyl Chloride

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Triethylamine is a clear, colorless volatile liquid with an Ammonia or a

Melting Point -114.7 °C

Figure 6: Chemical Structure of Triethylamine

HANDLING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

Handling. A person should wear personal protective equipment in

The chemical must only be used in a well-ventilated place. Do not

Storage. Container must be closed tightly when not in use. Must be

POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND TOXICITY

The table below shows the potential health hazards in exposure to

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS

concentrations may cause a

Skin Causes skin burns. The severity of

Table 9: First Aid Measures and PPE for Triethylamine

 Mahdi Balali-Mood & Kia Balali-Mood (August 1996). Salicylic Acid.

 Salicylic Acid. Retrieved from

 Compound Summary: Salicylic Acid. Retrieved from

 Compound Summary: Benzyl Chloride. Retrieved from

 Furniss, B. S.; Hannaford, A. J.; Smith, P. W. G.; Tatchell, A. R. (1989),

 "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial

 Benzyl Chloride: A Potential Hazardous Chemical. Retrieved from

 Clark, John (1972). Ignition!: An Informal History of Liquid Rocket

 Compound Summary: Triethylamine. Retrieved from

 Triethylamine. Retrieved from